CHAPTER 1

For my description of the 1986 Miami Shootout, I drew from FBI files available online under the title “Shooting Incident 4/11/86 MIAMI, FL,” as well as local newspaper coverage from April 1986 in the Miami Herald, the Palm Beach Post, and the Sun-Sentinel. These retrospective articles were also helpful: Will Lester, “One Year Later, Vivid Memories of FBI’s Bloodiest Shootout Linger,” Associated Press, April 10, 1987, and “FBI Developing New Semiautomatic Weapon for Agents,” Sunday Oklahoman, December 10, 1989. Massad Ayoob’s The Ayoob Files provides a forensic analysis of the gunfight on pp. 195–223.