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PLOS Genetics [1]

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Date: 2022-12 

Corrections, Expressions of Concern, and Retractions

PLOS publishes three types of post-publication notice: Corrections

Expressions of Concern (EOCs)

Retraction notices These notices are issued DOIs and linked to the affected articles’ PLOS webpages. They are also identified by CrossMark as article updates. As discussed below, we use corrections, EOCs, and retractions to address: Errors that impact an article’s interpretation or indexing

Concerns about compliance with journal standards and policies

Concerns that have implications for the integrity, reliability, and/or validity of published PLOS articles Notifying PLOS of concerns about submitted or published work If you wish to notify PLOS of an error in your publication that may warrant a correction, please email the journal directly with the relevant details (article citation & DOI, description of the error), proposed correction text, and supporting files and/or revised figures, as applicable. For corrections that involve the article’s results, include supplementary files with the underlying raw data to support the results in question.

that may warrant a correction, please email the journal directly with the relevant details (article citation & DOI, description of the error), proposed correction text, and supporting files and/or revised figures, as applicable. For corrections that involve the article’s results, include supplementary files with the underlying raw data to support the results in question. If you wish to notify PLOS of concerns pertaining to the integrity, validity, or reliability of a PLOS article, please email the PLOS Publication Ethics team at pub-ethics@plos.org and cc the journal. Include in your email the full citation and DOI of the article in question and details as to your specific concerns. In addressing issues raised about PLOS publications, we uphold our journals’ policies, publication criteria, and editorial standards, and we follow ICMJE and COPE guidelines, where applicable. The PLOS Publication Ethics team works in collaboration with journal editors on post-publication cases that involve serious ethics or integrity concerns. PLOS issues post-publication editorial decisions (e.g. corrections, Expressions of Concern, retractions) only after we carefully consider the issues raised, all materials and information received in follow-up discussions, and how the case details align with COPE guidance and PLOS’ policies and publication criteria. In accordance with COPE guidance, we attempt to discuss concerns with the article’s corresponding author before coming to an editorial decision. After a post-publication editorial decision has been communicated to the authors, the decision is held during a brief commenting period in which authors can respond to the decision or notice text. After the commenting period’s end date, which is specified in the decision notification letter, the decision will proceed.

Corrections We publish corrections to address errors in PLOS articles if, per our editorial assessment, all of the following criteria have been met: The errors impact the main contents or understanding of the article.

The article's overall results and conclusions are upheld.

There are no concerns about the integrity or reliability of the reported work. PLOS may also publish a correction to address an error or omission that affects key aspects of the publication’s metadata (e.g. an author's name, or the competing interests, funding, or data availability statement), or to provide an underlying dataset or additional information that the editors deem necessary for the article to meet the journal’s research reporting standards. In most cases, corrections are not incorporated into the article’s contents directly. Instead, the updates are described in a separate notice that is linked to the PLOS article’s webpage. In rare cases, PLOS may choose to republish a corrected version of an article, replacing the original online version. When we republish an article, we generally publish an accompanying correction, or notice of republication, that is linked to the article and documents the changes. However, we make exceptions to this practice in select circumstances. For example, we republish without accompanying notices (aka “silent corrections”) when updating author lists to reflect name changes for transgender or non-binary authors. (See the PLOS authorship change policy.) PLOS does not publish corrections for typographical errors or other minor issues that do not substantively impact the article’s scientific integrity, understanding, or indexing. For these issues, authors are encouraged to update readers by posting comments on their article’s webpage. See the Comments guidelines for more information. Please email the journal office if you have questions about whether a correction or comment should be used to address an error in a PLOS article.

Expressions of Concern Expressions of Concern (EOCs) are notices published at editors’ discretion to alert readers of serious concerns about published work or an article’s compliance with PLOS policies (e.g. Data Availability). In most cases, we will complete the case’s follow-up before publishing a notice, but in some instances we may publish an EOC as an interim notice while PLOS or another entity is investigating an issue. An EOC may also be used as a resolution to a post-publication case if we reach the conclusion of our follow-up process and issues remain unresolved. EOCs are written by PLOS staff and/or the journal’s Editor(s)-in-Chief, Executive Editor, or Division Editor. When published, an EOC is posted at the top of the article’s PLOS webpage and linked to the article’s publication record, similar to a correction. An EOC does not change the publication status of the linked article. After an EOC is published, the same article may be corrected or retracted, or the EOC itself may be corrected or retracted, depending on the editors’ assessment of information, data, and/or materials received in subsequent discussions. PLOS attempts to notify the authors of the affected article before publishing an EOC, but we do not require the authors’ approval or agreement. PLOS may seek to publish data or other materials received from the authors as supporting files with an EOC; in such cases, authors are consulted and can elect not to have their files/materials published, though this may affect the editorial decision to resolve the case with an EOC. PLOS may notify affected third parties of an Expression of Concern. This could include, for example, the authors’ institution(s), an affected data repository, or another journal/publisher that has an article or submission involved in the case.

Retractions As is discussed in COPE’s Retraction Guidelines, retraction is a mechanism for correcting the literature and notifying readers of major concerns about the integrity, validity, or reliability of an article. Authors may request retraction of their own work if issues come to light post-publication which call into question the scientific validity of the article, or which align with criteria listed in the COPE Retraction Guidelines. Any author-originated retraction request is subject to review and approval by the PLOS Publication Ethics team and/or Editor(s)-in-Chief, and will be denied if the issues raised do not align with COPE guidance and/or PLOS standards for retraction.

When concerns are noted internally or are raised by third parties, PLOS follows up in accordance with COPE guidance and will retract an article if the editors determine that issues which are not resolved in post-publication discussions warrant retraction per COPE guidance. PLOS may also retract an article if we conclude that it does not adhere to key aspects of the journal’s requirements or editorial policies; or if there are image or data concerns for which the original raw data are not provided, not available, or not sufficient (per our editorial assessment) to address the issues. We may retract an article whether the issues have arisen due to honest error(s) or misconduct. In accordance with COPE guidance, PLOS does not adjudicate on intent or individual-level responsibility for issues raised, and we do not issue partial retractions. When retracting an article, PLOS publishes a notice of retraction that explains the reason(s) for the retraction. The notice is posted at the top of the affected article’s PLOS webpage and is linked to the article’s publication record. PLOS editors have final say on the retraction notice contents, but depending on case details we may collaborate with the authors in preparing the notice and/or give the article’s authors the option to be listed as authors of the retraction notice. We attempt to notify all authors of a retraction decision and the notice text before completing a retraction. PLOS may also notify other affected third parties of a retraction; this could include, for example, the authors’ institution(s), an affected data repository, or another journal/publisher that has an article or submission involved in the case. After an article is retracted, it is no longer considered to be part of the standing published record. Except in rare circumstances (see “Removal of PLOS Content”), retracted PLOS articles remain online and available as per COPE guidance, with the retracted status clearly indicated. At the time of retraction we update the downloadable PDF that is available at the article’s PLOS webpage, so that for subsequent downloads the retracted status is clearly noted on the PDF. If a retracted article contains select elements (e.g. figures or tables) that are similar to or that duplicate published content, and if the original publication of that content is not available under a Creative Commons (CC) open access license, we may update the PLOS article’s copyright statement at the time of retraction to exclude those elements from the CC-BY license. PLOS does not refund Article Processing Charges (APCs) following retraction.

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[1] Url: https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/s/corrections-expressions-of-concern-and-retractions

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