{"name": "Ashmore and Cartier Islands", "code": "AT", "publish_date": "November 30, 2018", "html": "<div class='wfb-text-box'><div class=\"region1 geos_title aus_dark\"><strong>Australia - Oceania ::Ashmore and Cartier Islands</strong></div><ul class='expandcollapse'><li id='introduction-category-section-anchor'><div class='question aus_med' sectiontitle='Introduction'ccode='at'>Introduction ::<span class='region'>Ashmore and Cartier Islands</span></div></li><li id='introduction-category-section'><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-introduction-background\">Background:</div><div id=\"field-background\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983, it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, became a marine reserve in 2000.</div></div></li><li id='geography-category-section-anchor'><div class='question aus_med' sectiontitle='Geography'ccode='at'>Geography ::<span class='region'>Ashmore and Cartier Islands</span></div></li><li id='geography-category-section'><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-location\">Location:</div><div id=\"field-location\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, midway between northwestern Australia and Timor island</div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-geographic-coordinates\">Geographic coordinates:</div><div id=\"field-geographic-coordinates\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>12 14 S, 123 05 E</div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-map-references\">Map references:</div><div id=\"field-map-references\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>Southeast Asia</div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-area\">Area:</div><div id=\"field-area\"><div class='category_data subfield numeric'><span class=\"subfield-name\">total:</span><span class=\"subfield-number\">5 sq km</span><span class=\"subfield-note\"></span></div><div class='category_data subfield numeric'><span class=\"subfield-name\">land:</span><span class=\"subfield-number\">5 sq km</span><span class=\"subfield-note\"></span></div><div class='category_data subfield numeric'><span class=\"subfield-name\">water:</span><span class=\"subfield-number\">0 sq km</span><span class=\"subfield-note\"></span></div><div class=\"category_data note\"><p><strong>note:</strong> includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island</p></div><div><span class='category'>country comparison to the world:</span><span class='category_data'>250</span></div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-area-comparative\">Area - comparative:</div><div id=\"field-area-comparative\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>about eight times the size of the National Mall in Washington, DC</div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-land-boundaries\">Land boundaries:</div><div id=\"field-land-boundaries\"><div class='category_data subfield numeric'><span class=\"subfield-number\">0 km</span><span class=\"subfield-note\"></span></div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-coastline\">Coastline:</div><div id=\"field-coastline\"><div class='category_data subfield numeric'><span class=\"subfield-number\">74.1 km</span><span class=\"subfield-note\"></span></div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-maritime-claims\">Maritime claims:</div><div id=\"field-maritime-claims\"><div class='category_data subfield numeric'><span class=\"subfield-name\">territorial sea:</span><span class=\"subfield-number\">12</span><span class=\"subfield-note\">nm</span></div><div class='category_data subfield numeric'><span class=\"subfield-name\">contiguous zone:</span><span class=\"subfield-number\">12</span><span class=\"subfield-note\">nm</span></div><div class='category_data subfield numeric'><span class=\"subfield-name\">continental shelf:</span><span class=\"subfield-note\">200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation</span></div><div class='category_data subfield numeric'><span class=\"subfield-name\">exclusive fishing zone:</span><span class=\"subfield-number\">200</span><span class=\"subfield-note\">nm</span></div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-climate\">Climate:</div><div id=\"field-climate\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>tropical</div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-terrain\">Terrain:</div><div id=\"field-terrain\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>low with sand and coral</div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-elevation\">Elevation:</div><div id=\"field-elevation\"><div class='category_data subfield numeric'><span class=\"subfield-number\">0 m</span><span class=\"subfield-note\">lowest point: Indian Ocean</span></div><div class=\"category_data note\">5 highest point: Cartier Island</div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-natural-resources\">Natural resources:</div><div id=\"field-natural-resources\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>fish</div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-land-use\">Land use:</div><div id=\"field-land-use\"><div class='category_data subfield numeric'><span class=\"subfield-number\">0%</span><span class=\"subfield-note\"></span><span class=\"subfield-date\" aria-label=\"Date of information: 2014\">(2014 est.)</span></div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-natural-hazards\">Natural hazards:</div><div id=\"field-natural-hazards\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards</div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-environment-current-issues\">Environment - current issues:</div><div id=\"field-environment-current-issues\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>illegal killing of protected wildlife by traditional Indonesian fisherman, as well as fishing by non-traditional Indonesian vessels, are ongoing problems; sea level rise, changes in sea temperature, and ocean acidification are concerns; marine debris</div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-geography-note\">Geography - note:</div><div id=\"field-geography-note\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983; Cartier Island Marine Reserve established in 2000</div></div></li><li id='people-and-society-category-section-anchor'><div class='question aus_med' sectiontitle='People and Society'ccode='at'>People and Society ::<span class='region'>Ashmore and Cartier Islands</span></div></li><li id='people-and-society-category-section'><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-people-and-society-population\">Population:</div><div id=\"field-population\"><div class='category_data subfield numeric'><span class=\"subfield-note\">no indigenous inhabitants</span></div><div class=\"category_data note\"><p><strong>note:</strong> Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island; access to East and Middle Islands is by permit only</p></div></div></li><li id='government-category-section-anchor'><div class='question aus_med' sectiontitle='Government'ccode='at'>Government ::<span class='region'>Ashmore and Cartier Islands</span></div></li><li id='government-category-section'><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-government-country-name\">Country name:</div><div id=\"field-country-name\"><div class='category_data subfield text'><span class=\"subfield-name\">conventional long form:</span>Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands</div><div class='category_data subfield text'><span class=\"subfield-name\">conventional short form:</span>Ashmore and Cartier Islands</div><div class='category_data subfield text'><span class=\"subfield-name\">etymology:</span>named after British Captain Samuel ASHMORE, who first sighted his namesake island in 1811, and after the ship Cartier, from which the second island was discovered in 1800</div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-government-dependency-status\">Dependency status:</div><div id=\"field-dependency-status\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Department of Regional Australia, Local Government, Arts and Sport</div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-government-legal-system\">Legal system:</div><div id=\"field-legal-system\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply</div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-government-citizenship\">Citizenship:</div><div id=\"field-citizenship\"><div class=\"category_data note\">see Australia</div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-government-diplomatic-representation-in-the-us\">Diplomatic representation in the US:</div><div id=\"field-diplomatic-representation-in-the-us\"><div class=\"category_data note\">none (territory of Australia)</div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-government-diplomatic-representation-from-the-us\">Diplomatic representation from the US:</div><div id=\"field-diplomatic-representation-from-the-us\"><div class=\"category_data note\">none (territory of Australia)</div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-government-flag-description\">Flag description:</div><div id=\"field-flag-description\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>the flag of Australia is used</div></div></li><li id='economy-category-section-anchor'><div class='question aus_med' sectiontitle='Economy'ccode='at'>Economy ::<span class='region'>Ashmore and Cartier Islands</span></div></li><li id='economy-category-section'><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-economy-economy-overview\">Economy - overview:</div><div id=\"field-economy-overview\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>no economic activity</div></div></li><li id='transportation-category-section-anchor'><div class='question aus_med' sectiontitle='Transportation'ccode='at'>Transportation ::<span class='region'>Ashmore and Cartier Islands</span></div></li><li id='transportation-category-section'><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-transportation-ports-and-terminals\">Ports and terminals:</div><div id=\"field-ports-and-terminals\"><div class=\"category_data note\">none; offshore anchorage only</div></div></li><li id='military-and-security-category-section-anchor'><div class='question aus_med' sectiontitle='Military and Security'ccode='at'>Military and Security ::<span class='region'>Ashmore and Cartier Islands</span></div></li><li id='military-and-security-category-section'><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-military-and-security-military-note\">Military - note:</div><div id=\"field-military-note\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force</div></div></li><li id='transnational-issues-category-section-anchor'><div class='question aus_med' sectiontitle='Transnational Issues'ccode='at'>Transnational Issues ::<span class='region'>Ashmore and Cartier Islands</span></div></li><li id='transnational-issues-category-section'><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-transnational-issues-disputes-international\">Disputes - international:</div><div id=\"field-disputes-international\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>Australia has closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier reserve to Indonesian traditional fishingIndonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef</div></div></li></ul></div>"}