Location:
North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of South Carolina (US)
Geographic coordinates:
Map references:
Area:
total:54 sq km
land:54 sq km
water:0 sq km
country comparison to the world:232
Area - comparative:
about one-third the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries:
Coastline:
Maritime claims:
territorial sea:12nm
exclusive fishing zone:200nm
Climate:
subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter
Terrain:
low hills separated by fertile depressions
Elevation:
0 mlowest point: Atlantic Ocean
79 highest point: Town Hill
Natural resources:
limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism
Land use:
agricultural land:14.8%(2011 est.)
arable land:14.8%(2011 est.)/permanent crops:0%(2011 est.)/permanent pasture:0%(2011 est.)
forest:20%(2011 est.)
other:65.2%(2011 est.)
Irrigated land:
Population distribution:
relatively even population distribution throughout
Natural hazards:
hurricanes (June to November)
Environment - current issues:
dense population and heavy vehicle traffic create serious congestion and air pollution problems; water resources scarce (most obtained as rainwater or from wells); solid waste disposal; hazardous waste disposal; sewage disposal; overfishing; oil spills
Geography - note:
consists of about 138 coral islands and islets with ample rainfall, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some land was leased by the US Government from 1941 to 1995
Population:
71,176(July 2018 est.)
country comparison to the world:203
Nationality:
noun:Bermudian(s)
adjective:Bermudian
Ethnic groups:
black 53.8%, white 31%, mixed 7.5%, other 7.1%, unspecified 0.6%(2010 est.)
Languages:
English (official), Portuguese
Religions:
Protestant 46.2% (includes Anglican 15.8%, African Methodist Episcopal 8.6%, Seventh Day Adventist 6.7, Pentecostal 3.5%, Methodist 2.7%, Presbyterian 2.0%, Church of God 1.6%, Baptist 1.2%, Salvation Army 1.1%, Brethren 1.0%, other Protestant 2.0%), Roman Catholic 14.5%, Jehovah's Witness 1.3%, other Christian 9.1%, Muslim 1%, other 3.9%, none 17.8%, unspecified 6.2%(2010 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years:16.92%(male 6,088 /female 5,957)
15-24 years:11.95%(male 4,306 /female 4,197)
25-54 years:36.56%(male 13,049 /female 12,972)
55-64 years:16.04%(male 5,383 /female 6,034)
65 years and over:18.53%(male 5,596 /female 7,594)(2018 est.)
population pyramid: North America
:: BermudaPrint This is the population pyramid for Bermuda. A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends.
For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page under the References tab.
Median age:
Population growth rate:
0.43%(2018 est.)
country comparison to the world:158
Birth rate:
11.3 births/1,000 population(2018 est.)
country comparison to the world:172
Death rate:
8.7 deaths/1,000 population(2018 est.)
country comparison to the world:71
Net migration rate:
1.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population(2017 est.)
country comparison to the world:50
Population distribution:
relatively even population distribution throughout
Urbanization:
urban population:100% of total population(2018)
rate of urbanization:-0.44% annual rate of change(2015-20 est.)
Major urban areas - population:
10,000 HAMILTON (capital)(2018)
Sex ratio:
at birth:1.02 male(s)/female(2017 est.)
0-14 years:1.02 male(s)/female(2017 est.)
15-24 years:1.01 male(s)/female(2017 est.)
25-54 years:1 male(s)/female(2017 est.)
55-64 years:0.89 male(s)/female(2017 est.)
65 years and over:0.73 male(s)/female(2017 est.)
total population:0.94 male(s)/female(2017 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
total:2.5 deaths/1,000 live births(2018 est.)
male:2.6 deaths/1,000 live births(2018 est.)
female:2.4 deaths/1,000 live births(2018 est.)
country comparison to the world:217
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:81.5 years(2018 est.)
male:78.3 years(2018 est.)
female:84.7 years(2018 est.)
country comparison to the world:26
Total fertility rate:
1.92 children born/woman(2018 est.)
country comparison to the world:128
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Education expenditures:
1.5% of GDP(2017)
country comparison to the world:175
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
total:12 years(2015)
male:11 years(2015)
female:12 years(2015)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:
total:29.3%(2014 est.)
male:29.7%(2014 est.)
female:29%(2014 est.)
country comparison to the world:35
Country name:
conventional long form:none
conventional short form:Bermuda
former:Somers Islands
etymology:the islands making up Bermuda are named after Juan de BERMUDEZ, an early 16th century Spanish sea captain and the first European explorer of the archipelago
Dependency status:
overseas territory of the UK
Government type:
parliamentary democracy (Parliament); self-governing overseas territory of the UK
Capital:
name:Hamilton
geographic coordinates:32 17 N, 64 47 W
time difference:UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time:+1hr, begins second Sunday in March; ends first Sunday in November
Administrative divisions:
9 parishes and 2 municipalities*; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton*, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George*, Saint George's, Sandys, Smith's, Southampton, Warwick
Independence:
none (overseas territory of the UK)
National holiday:
Bermuda Day, 24 May; note - formerly known as Victoria Day, Empire Day, and Commonwealth Day
Constitution:
history:several previous (dating to 1684); latest entered into force 8 June 1968 (Bermuda Constitution Order 1968)(2018)
amendments:proposal procedure - NA; passage by an Order in Council in the UK; amended several times, last in 2012 (2018)
Legal system:
International law organization participation:
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Citizenship:
citizenship by birth:no
citizenship by descent only:at least one parent must be a citizen of the UK
dual citizenship recognized:yes
residency requirement for naturalization:10 years
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal
Judicial branch:
highest courts:Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and at least 2 justices); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, 4 puisne judges, and 1 associate justice); note - the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London is the court of final appeal
judge selection and term of office:Court of Appeal justice appointed by the governor; justice tenure by individual appointment; Supreme Court judges nominated by the Judicial and Legal Services Commission and appointed by the governor; judge tenure based on terms of appointment
subordinate courts:commercial court (began in 2006); magistrates' courts
Executive branch:
chief of state:Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor John RANKIN (since 5 December 2016)
head of government:Premier David BURT (since 19 July 2017)
cabinet:Cabinet nominated by the premier, appointed by the governor
elections/appointments:the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually appointed premier by the governor
Legislative branch:
description:bicameral Parliament consists of:
Senate (11 seats; 3 members appointed by the governor, 5 by the premier, and 3 by the opposition party; members serve 5-year terms) and the House of Assembly (36 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve up to 5-year terms)
House of Assembly (36 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve up to 5-year terms)
elections:
House of Assembly - last held on 18 July 2017 (next to be held not later than 2022)
election results:
percent of vote by party - PLP 58.9%, OBA 40.6%, other 0.5%; seats by party - PLP 24, OBA 12
Political parties and leaders:
One Bermuda Alliance or OBA (vacant)
Progressive Labor Party or PLP [E. David BURT]
International organization participation:
Caricom (associate), ICC (NGOs), Interpol (subbureau), IOC, ITUC (NGOs), UPU, WCO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission:Consul General Mary Ellen KOENIG (since 28 November 2015)
mailing address:P. O. Box HM325, Hamilton HMBX; American Consulate General Hamilton, US Department of State, 5300 Hamilton Place, Washington, DC 20520-5300
telephone:[1] (441) 295-1342
FAX:[1] (441) 295-1592, 296-9233
consulate(s) general:Crown Hill, 16 Middle Road, Devonshire DVO3
Flag description:
red, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms (a white shield with a red lion standing on a green grassy field holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of the ship Sea Venture off Bermuda in 1609) centered on the outer half of the flag; it was the shipwreck of the vessel, filled with English colonists originally bound for Virginia, that led to the settling of Bermuda
note: the flag is unusual in that it is only British overseas territory that uses a red ensign, all others use blue
National symbol(s):
National anthem:
name:Hail to Bermuda
lyrics/music:Bette JOHNS
note: serves as a local anthem; as a territory of the United Kingdom, \"God Save the Queen\" is official (see United Kingdom)
Economy - overview:
International business, which consists primarily of insurance and other financial services, is the real bedrock of Bermuda's economy, consistently accounting for about 85% of the island's GDP. Tourism is the country’s second largest industry, accounting for about 5% of Bermuda's GDP but a much larger share of employment. Over 80% of visitors come from the US and the sector struggled in the wake of the global recession of 2008-09. Even the financial sector has lost roughly 5,000 high-paying expatriate jobs since 2008, weighing heavily on household consumption and retail sales. Bermuda must import almost everything. Agriculture and industry are limited due to the small size of the island.
Bermuda's economy returned to negative growth in 2016, reporting a contraction of 0.1% GDP, after growing by 0.6% in 2015. Unemployment reached 7% in 2016 and 2017, public debt is growing and exceeds $2.4 billion, and the government continues to work on attracting foreign investment. Still, Bermuda enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the world.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$6.127 billion(2016 est.)
$6.133 billion(2015 est.)
$6.097 billion(2014 est.)
country comparison to the world:172
GDP (official exchange rate):
$6.127 billion(2016 est.)(2016 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
-0.1%(2016 est.)
0.6%(2015 est.)
-0.3%(2014 est.)
country comparison to the world:198
GDP - per capita (PPP):
$99,400(2016 est.)
$95,500(2015 est.)
$87,500(2014 est.)
country comparison to the world:6
GDP - composition, by end use:
household consumption:51.3%(2017 est.)
government consumption:15.7%(2017 est.)
investment in fixed capital:13.7%(2017 est.)
investment in inventories:0%(2017 est.)
exports of goods and services:49.8%(2017 est.)
imports of goods and services:-30.4%(2017 est.)
GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
agriculture:0.9%(2017 est.)
industry:5.3%(2017 est.)
services:93.8%(2017 est.)
Agriculture - products:
bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products, honey
Industries:
international business, tourism, light manufacturing
Industrial production growth rate:
2%(2017 est.)
country comparison to the world:129
Labor force:
33,480(2016 est.)
country comparison to the world:202
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture:2%
industry:13%
services:85%(2016 est.)
Unemployment rate:
7%(2017 est.)
7%(2016 est.)
country comparison to the world:106
Population below poverty line:
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%:NA
highest 10%:NA
Budget:
revenues:999.2 million(2017 est.)
expenditures:1.176 billion(2017 est.)
Taxes and other revenues:
16.3% (of GDP)(2017 est.)
country comparison to the world:183
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
-2.9% (of GDP)(2017 est.)
country comparison to the world:127
Public debt:
43% of GDP(FY14/15)
country comparison to the world:117
Fiscal year:
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
1.9%(2017 est.)
1.4%(2016 est.)
country comparison to the world:96
Stock of narrow money:
$3.374 billion(30 September 2014 est.)
$3.422 billion(31 December 2013 est.)
note: figures do not include US dollars, which also circulate freely
country comparison to the world:118
Stock of broad money:
$22.1 billion(30 September 2014 est.)
$25.1 billion(31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:67
Stock of domestic credit:
Market value of publicly traded shares:
$1.85 billion(31 December 2015 est.)
$1.601 billion(31 December 2014 est.)
$1.467 billion(31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:100
Current account balance:
$818.6 million(2017 est.)
$763 million(2016 est.)
country comparison to the world:53
Exports:
$19 million(2017 est.)
$19 million(2016 est.)
country comparison to the world:210
Exports - partners:
Jamaica 49.1%, Luxembourg 36.1%, US 4.9%(2017)
Exports - commodities:
reexports of pharmaceuticals
Imports:
$1.094 billion(2017 est.)
$980 million(2016 est.)
country comparison to the world:183
Imports - commodities:
clothing, fuels, machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, chemicals, food and live animals
Imports - partners:
US 72.1%, South Korea 9.7%, Canada 4.2%(2017)
Debt - external:
$2.515 billion(2017 est.)
$2.435 billion(2015 est.)
country comparison to the world:150
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$2.641 billion(2014 est.)
$2.664 billion(2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:116
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$889 million(2014 est.)
$835 million(2013 est.)
country comparison to the world:90
Exchange rates:
Bermudian dollars (BMD) per US dollar -
1(2017 est.)
1(2016 est.)
1(2015 est.)
1(2014 est.)
1(2013 est.)
Electricity access:
electrification - total population:100%(2016)
Electricity - production:
650 million kWh(2016 est.)
country comparison to the world:159
Electricity - consumption:
604.5 million kWh(2016 est.)
country comparison to the world:166
Electricity - exports:
0 kWh(2016 est.)
country comparison to the world:107
Electricity - imports:
0 kWh(2016 est.)
country comparison to the world:126
Electricity - installed generating capacity:
171,000 kW(2016 est.)
country comparison to the world:169
Electricity - from fossil fuels:
100% of total installed capacity(2016 est.)
country comparison to the world:3
Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
0% of total installed capacity(2017 est.)
country comparison to the world:50
Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
0% of total installed capacity(2017 est.)
country comparison to the world:158
Electricity - from other renewable sources:
0% of total installed capacity(2017 est.)
note: the Tynes Bay Waste Treatment Facility turns waste to electric energy
country comparison to the world:176
Crude oil - production:
0 bbl/day(2017 est.)
country comparison to the world:110
Crude oil - exports:
0 bbl/day(2015 est.)
country comparison to the world:94
Crude oil - imports:
0 bbl/day(2015 est.)
country comparison to the world:97
Crude oil - proved reserves:
0 bbl(1 January 2018 est.)
country comparison to the world:107
Refined petroleum products - production:
0 bbl/day(2017 est.)
country comparison to the world:119
Refined petroleum products - consumption:
5,000 bbl/day(2016 est.)
country comparison to the world:178
Refined petroleum products - exports:
0 bbl/day(2015 est.)
country comparison to the world:131
Refined petroleum products - imports:
3,939 bbl/day(2015 est.)
country comparison to the world:178
Natural gas - production:
0 cu m(2017 est.)
country comparison to the world:105
Natural gas - consumption:
0 cu m(2017 est.)
country comparison to the world:122
Natural gas - exports:
0 cu m(2017 est.)
country comparison to the world:70
Natural gas - imports:
0 cu m(2017 est.)
country comparison to the world:92
Natural gas - proved reserves:
0 cu m(1 January 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world:111
Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
793,700 Mt(2017 est.)
country comparison to the world:174
Telephones - fixed lines:
total subscriptions:21,883(2017 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:31(2017 est.)
country comparison to the world:173
Telephones - mobile cellular:
total subscriptions:64,997(2017 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants:92(2017 est.)
country comparison to the world:198
Telephone system:
general assessment:a good, fully automatic digital telephone system with fiber-optic trunk lines; telecom sector provides a relatively high contribution to overall GDP; numerous competitors licensed, but small and localized(2017)
domestic:the system has a high fixed-line teledensity 31 per 100, coupled with a mobile-cellular teledensity of roughly 92 per 100 persons(2017)
international:country code - 1-441; landing points for the GlobeNet, Gemini Bermuda, CBUS, and the Challenger Bermuda-1 (CB-1) submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3(2015)
Broadcast media:
Internet country code:
Internet users:
total:69,126(July 2016 est.)
percent of population:98%(July 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world:181