{"name": "Jarvis Island", "code": "DQ", "publish_date": "December 19, 2018", "html": "<div class='wfb-text-box'><div class=\"region1 geos_title aus_dark\"><strong>Australia - Oceania ::Jarvis Island</strong></div><ul class='expandcollapse'><li id='introduction-category-section-anchor'><div class='question aus_med' sectiontitle='Introduction'ccode='dq'>Introduction ::<span class='region'>Jarvis Island</span></div></li><li id='introduction-category-section'><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-introduction-background\">Background:</div><div id=\"field-background\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>First discovered by the British in 1821, the uninhabited island was annexed by the US in 1858 but abandoned in 1879 after tons of guano deposits had been removed for use in producing fertilizer. The UK annexed the island in 1889 but never carried out plans for further exploitation. The US occupied and reclaimed the island in 1935. Abandoned after World War II, the island is currently a National Wildlife Refuge administered by the US Department of the Interior.</div></div></li><li id='geography-category-section-anchor'><div class='question aus_med' sectiontitle='Geography'ccode='dq'>Geography ::<span class='region'>Jarvis Island</span></div></li><li id='geography-category-section'><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-location\">Location:</div><div id=\"field-location\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, about half way between Hawaii and the Cook Islands</div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-geographic-coordinates\">Geographic coordinates:</div><div id=\"field-geographic-coordinates\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>0 22 S, 160 01 W</div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-map-references\">Map references:</div><div id=\"field-map-references\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>Oceania</div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-area\">Area:</div><div id=\"field-area\"><div class='category_data subfield numeric'><span class=\"subfield-name\">total:</span><span class=\"subfield-number\">4.5 sq km</span><span class=\"subfield-note\"></span></div><div class='category_data subfield numeric'><span class=\"subfield-name\">land:</span><span class=\"subfield-number\">4.5 sq km</span><span class=\"subfield-note\"></span></div><div class='category_data subfield numeric'><span class=\"subfield-name\">water:</span><span class=\"subfield-number\">0 sq km</span><span class=\"subfield-note\"></span></div><div><span class='category'>country comparison to the world:</span><span class='category_data'>252</span></div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-area-comparative\">Area - comparative:</div><div id=\"field-area-comparative\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC</div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-land-boundaries\">Land boundaries:</div><div id=\"field-land-boundaries\"><div class='category_data subfield numeric'><span class=\"subfield-number\">0 km</span><span class=\"subfield-note\"></span></div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-coastline\">Coastline:</div><div id=\"field-coastline\"><div class='category_data subfield numeric'><span class=\"subfield-number\">8 km</span><span class=\"subfield-note\"></span></div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-maritime-claims\">Maritime claims:</div><div id=\"field-maritime-claims\"><div class='category_data subfield numeric'><span class=\"subfield-name\">territorial sea:</span><span class=\"subfield-number\">12</span><span class=\"subfield-note\">nm</span></div><div class='category_data subfield numeric'><span class=\"subfield-name\">exclusive economic zone:</span><span class=\"subfield-number\">200</span><span class=\"subfield-note\">nm</span></div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-climate\">Climate:</div><div id=\"field-climate\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>tropical; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun</div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-terrain\">Terrain:</div><div id=\"field-terrain\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>sandy, coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef</div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-natural-resources\">Natural resources:</div><div id=\"field-natural-resources\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>guano (deposits worked until late 1800s), terrestrial and aquatic wildlife</div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-natural-hazards\">Natural hazards:</div><div id=\"field-natural-hazards\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island poses a maritime hazard</div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-environment-current-issues\">Environment - current issues:</div><div id=\"field-environment-current-issues\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>no natural fresh water resources</div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-geography-note\">Geography - note:</div><div id=\"field-geography-note\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>sparse bunch grass, prostrate vines, and low-growing shrubs; primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife</div></div></li><li id='people-and-society-category-section-anchor'><div class='question aus_med' sectiontitle='People and Society'ccode='dq'>People and Society ::<span class='region'>Jarvis Island</span></div></li><li id='people-and-society-category-section'><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-people-and-society-population\">Population:</div><div id=\"field-population\"><div class='category_data subfield numeric'><span class=\"subfield-note\">uninhabited</span></div><div class=\"category_data note\"><p><strong>note:</strong> Millersville settlement on western side of island occasionally used as a weather station from 1935 until World War II, when it was abandoned; reoccupied in 1957 during the International Geophysical Year by scientists who left in 1958; public entry is by special-use permit from US Fish and Wildlife Service only and generally restricted to scientists and educators; visited annually by US Fish and Wildlife Service</p></div></div></li><li id='government-category-section-anchor'><div class='question aus_med' sectiontitle='Government'ccode='dq'>Government ::<span class='region'>Jarvis Island</span></div></li><li id='government-category-section'><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-government-country-name\">Country name:</div><div id=\"field-country-name\"><div class='category_data subfield text'><span class=\"subfield-name\">conventional long form:</span>none</div><div class='category_data subfield text'><span class=\"subfield-name\">conventional short form:</span>Jarvis Island</div><div class='category_data subfield text'><span class=\"subfield-name\">etymology:</span>named after three brothers JARVIS, the owners of the British ship from which the island was discovered in 1821</div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-government-dependency-status\">Dependency status:</div><div id=\"field-dependency-status\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>unincorporated territory of the US; administered from Washington, DC, by the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge System</div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-government-legal-system\">Legal system:</div><div id=\"field-legal-system\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>the laws of the US, where applicable, apply</div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-government-flag-description\">Flag description:</div><div id=\"field-flag-description\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>the flag of the US is used</div></div></li><li id='transportation-category-section-anchor'><div class='question aus_med' sectiontitle='Transportation'ccode='dq'>Transportation ::<span class='region'>Jarvis Island</span></div></li><li id='transportation-category-section'><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-transportation-ports-and-terminals\">Ports and terminals:</div><div id=\"field-ports-and-terminals\"><div class=\"category_data note\">none; offshore anchorage only; note - there is one small boat landing area in the middle of the west coast and another near the southwest corner of the island</div></div><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-transportation-transportation-note\">Transportation - note:</div><div id=\"field-transportation-note\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>there is a day beacon near the middle of the west coast</div></div></li><li id='military-and-security-category-section-anchor'><div class='question aus_med' sectiontitle='Military and Security'ccode='dq'>Military and Security ::<span class='region'>Jarvis Island</span></div></li><li id='military-and-security-category-section'><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-military-and-security-military-note\">Military - note:</div><div id=\"field-military-note\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>defense is the responsibility of the US; visited annually by the US Coast Guard</div></div></li><li id='transnational-issues-category-section-anchor'><div class='question aus_med' sectiontitle='Transnational Issues'ccode='dq'>Transnational Issues ::<span class='region'>Jarvis Island</span></div></li><li id='transnational-issues-category-section'><div class=\"category aus_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-transnational-issues-disputes-international\">Disputes - international:</div><div id=\"field-disputes-international\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>none</div></div></li></ul></div>"}