{"name": "Heard Island and McDonald Islands", "code": "HM", "publish_date": "December 17, 2018", "html": "<div class='wfb-text-box'><div class=\"region1 geos_title ant_dark\"><strong>Antarctica ::Heard Island and McDonald Islands</strong></div><ul class='expandcollapse'><li id='introduction-category-section-anchor'><div class='question ant_med' sectiontitle='Introduction'ccode='hm'>Introduction ::<span class='region'>Heard Island and McDonald Islands</span></div></li><li id='introduction-category-section'><div class=\"category ant_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-introduction-background\">Background:</div><div id=\"field-background\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>The UK transferred these uninhabited, barren, sub-Antarctic islands to Australia in 1947. Populated by large numbers of seal and bird species, the islands have been designated a nature preserve.</div></div></li><li id='geography-category-section-anchor'><div class='question ant_med' sectiontitle='Geography'ccode='hm'>Geography ::<span class='region'>Heard Island and McDonald Islands</span></div></li><li id='geography-category-section'><div class=\"category ant_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-location\">Location:</div><div id=\"field-location\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>islands in the Indian Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Madagascar to Antarctica</div></div><div class=\"category ant_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-geographic-coordinates\">Geographic coordinates:</div><div id=\"field-geographic-coordinates\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>53 06 S, 72 31 E</div></div><div class=\"category ant_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-map-references\">Map references:</div><div id=\"field-map-references\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>Antarctic Region</div></div><div class=\"category ant_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-area\">Area:</div><div id=\"field-area\"><div class='category_data subfield numeric'><span class=\"subfield-name\">total:</span><span class=\"subfield-number\">412 sq km</span><span class=\"subfield-note\"></span></div><div class='category_data subfield numeric'><span class=\"subfield-name\">land:</span><span class=\"subfield-number\">412 sq km</span><span class=\"subfield-note\"></span></div><div class='category_data subfield numeric'><span class=\"subfield-name\">water:</span><span class=\"subfield-number\">0 sq km</span><span class=\"subfield-note\"></span></div><div><span class='category'>country comparison to the world:</span><span class='category_data'>203</span></div></div><div class=\"category ant_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-area-comparative\">Area - comparative:</div><div id=\"field-area-comparative\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>slightly more than two times the size of Washington, DC</div></div><div class=\"category ant_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-land-boundaries\">Land boundaries:</div><div id=\"field-land-boundaries\"><div class='category_data subfield numeric'><span class=\"subfield-number\">0 km</span><span class=\"subfield-note\"></span></div></div><div class=\"category ant_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-coastline\">Coastline:</div><div id=\"field-coastline\"><div class='category_data subfield numeric'><span class=\"subfield-number\">101.9 km</span><span class=\"subfield-note\"></span></div></div><div class=\"category ant_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-maritime-claims\">Maritime claims:</div><div id=\"field-maritime-claims\"><div class='category_data subfield numeric'><span class=\"subfield-name\">territorial sea:</span><span class=\"subfield-number\">12</span><span class=\"subfield-note\">nm</span></div><div class='category_data subfield numeric'><span class=\"subfield-name\">exclusive fishing zone:</span><span class=\"subfield-number\">200</span><span class=\"subfield-note\">nm</span></div></div><div class=\"category ant_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-climate\">Climate:</div><div id=\"field-climate\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>antarctic</div></div><div class=\"category ant_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-terrain\">Terrain:</div><div id=\"field-terrain\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>Heard Island - 80% ice-covered, bleak and mountainous, dominated by a large massif (Big Ben) and an active volcano (Mawson Peak); McDonald Islands - small and rocky</div></div><div class=\"category ant_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-elevation\">Elevation:</div><div id=\"field-elevation\"><div class='category_data subfield numeric'><span class=\"subfield-number\">0 m</span><span class=\"subfield-note\">lowest point: Indian Ocean</span></div><div class=\"category_data note\">2745 highest point: Mawson Peak on Big Ben volcano</div></div><div class=\"category ant_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-natural-resources\">Natural resources:</div><div id=\"field-natural-resources\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>fish</div></div><div class=\"category ant_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-land-use\">Land use:</div><div id=\"field-land-use\"><div class='category_data subfield numeric'><span class=\"subfield-name\">agricultural land:</span><span class=\"subfield-number\">0%</span><span class=\"subfield-note\"></span><span class=\"subfield-date\" aria-label=\"Date of information: 2011\">(2011 est.)</span></div><div class='category_data subfield grouped_subfield'><span class=\"subfield-name\">arable land:</span><span class=\"subfield-number\">0%</span><span class=\"subfield-date\" aria-label=\"Date of information: 2011\">(2011 est.)</span>/<span class=\"subfield-name\">permanent crops:</span><span class=\"subfield-number\">0%</span><span class=\"subfield-date\" aria-label=\"Date of information: 2011\">(2011 est.)</span>/<span class=\"subfield-name\">permanent pasture:</span><span class=\"subfield-number\">0%</span><span class=\"subfield-date\" aria-label=\"Date of information: 2011\">(2011 est.)</span></div><div class='category_data subfield numeric'><span class=\"subfield-name\">forest:</span><span class=\"subfield-number\">0%</span><span class=\"subfield-note\"></span><span class=\"subfield-date\" aria-label=\"Date of information: 2011\">(2011 est.)</span></div><div class='category_data subfield numeric'><span class=\"subfield-name\">other:</span><span class=\"subfield-number\">100%</span><span class=\"subfield-note\"></span><span class=\"subfield-date\" aria-label=\"Date of information: 2011\">(2011 est.)</span></div></div><div class=\"category ant_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-natural-hazards\">Natural hazards:</div><div id=\"field-natural-hazards\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>Mawson Peak, an active volcano, is on Heard Island</div></div><div class=\"category ant_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-environment-current-issues\">Environment - current issues:</div><div id=\"field-environment-current-issues\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>none; uninhabited and mostly ice covered</div></div><div class=\"category ant_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-geography-geography-note\">Geography - note:</div><div id=\"field-geography-note\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>Mawson Peak on Heard Island is the highest Australian mountain (at 2,745 meters, it is taller than Mt. Kosciuszko in Australia proper), and one of only two active volcanoes located in Australian territory, the other being McDonald Island; in 1992, McDonald Island broke its dormancy and began erupting; it has erupted several times since, most recently in 2005</div></div></li><li id='people-and-society-category-section-anchor'><div class='question ant_med' sectiontitle='People and Society'ccode='hm'>People and Society ::<span class='region'>Heard Island and McDonald Islands</span></div></li><li id='people-and-society-category-section'><div class=\"category ant_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-people-and-society-population\">Population:</div><div id=\"field-population\"><div class='category_data subfield numeric'><span class=\"subfield-note\">uninhabited</span></div></div></li><li id='government-category-section-anchor'><div class='question ant_med' sectiontitle='Government'ccode='hm'>Government ::<span class='region'>Heard Island and McDonald Islands</span></div></li><li id='government-category-section'><div class=\"category ant_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-government-country-name\">Country name:</div><div id=\"field-country-name\"><div class='category_data subfield text'><span class=\"subfield-name\">conventional long form:</span>Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands</div><div class='category_data subfield text'><span class=\"subfield-name\">conventional short form:</span>Heard Island and McDonald Islands</div><div class='category_data subfield text'><span class=\"subfield-name\">abbreviation:</span>HIMI</div><div class='category_data subfield text'><span class=\"subfield-name\">etymology:</span>named after American Captain John HEARD, who sighted the island on 25 November 1853, and American Captain William McDONALD, who discovered the islands on 4 January 1854</div></div><div class=\"category ant_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-government-dependency-status\">Dependency status:</div><div id=\"field-dependency-status\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (Australian Antarctic Division)</div></div><div class=\"category ant_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-government-legal-system\">Legal system:</div><div id=\"field-legal-system\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>the laws of Australia, where applicable, apply</div></div><div class=\"category ant_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-government-diplomatic-representation-in-the-us\">Diplomatic representation in the US:</div><div id=\"field-diplomatic-representation-in-the-us\"><div class=\"category_data note\">none (territory of Australia)</div></div><div class=\"category ant_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-government-diplomatic-representation-from-the-us\">Diplomatic representation from the US:</div><div id=\"field-diplomatic-representation-from-the-us\"><div class=\"category_data note\">none (territory of Australia)</div></div><div class=\"category ant_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-government-flag-description\">Flag description:</div><div id=\"field-flag-description\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>the flag of Australia is used</div></div></li><li id='economy-category-section-anchor'><div class='question ant_med' sectiontitle='Economy'ccode='hm'>Economy ::<span class='region'>Heard Island and McDonald Islands</span></div></li><li id='economy-category-section'><div class=\"category ant_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-economy-economy-overview\">Economy - overview:</div><div id=\"field-economy-overview\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>The islands have no indigenous economic activity, but the Australian Government allows limited fishing in the surrounding waters. Visits to Heard Island typically focus on terrestrial and marine research and infrequent private expeditions.</div></div></li><li id='communications-category-section-anchor'><div class='question ant_med' sectiontitle='Communications'ccode='hm'>Communications ::<span class='region'>Heard Island and McDonald Islands</span></div></li><li id='communications-category-section'><div class=\"category ant_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-communications-internet-country-code\">Internet country code:</div><div id=\"field-internet-country-code\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>.hm</div></div></li><li id='transportation-category-section-anchor'><div class='question ant_med' sectiontitle='Transportation'ccode='hm'>Transportation ::<span class='region'>Heard Island and McDonald Islands</span></div></li><li id='transportation-category-section'><div class=\"category ant_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-transportation-ports-and-terminals\">Ports and terminals:</div><div id=\"field-ports-and-terminals\"><div class=\"category_data note\">none; offshore anchorage only</div></div></li><li id='military-and-security-category-section-anchor'><div class='question ant_med' sectiontitle='Military and Security'ccode='hm'>Military and Security ::<span class='region'>Heard Island and McDonald Islands</span></div></li><li id='military-and-security-category-section'><div class=\"category ant_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-military-and-security-military-note\">Military - note:</div><div id=\"field-military-note\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>defense is the responsibility of Australia; Australia conducts fisheries patrols</div></div></li><li id='transnational-issues-category-section-anchor'><div class='question ant_med' sectiontitle='Transnational Issues'ccode='hm'>Transnational Issues ::<span class='region'>Heard Island and McDonald Islands</span></div></li><li id='transnational-issues-category-section'><div class=\"category ant_light\" style=\"padding-left:5px;\" id=\"field-anchor-transnational-issues-disputes-international\">Disputes - international:</div><div id=\"field-disputes-international\"><div class='category_data subfield text'>none</div></div></li></ul></div>"}