22 A path-breaking essay, David Donald, “Toward a Reconsideration of Abolitionists,” in Lincoln Reconsidered (New York, 1956), 19-37, has been confirmed in its description of regional origins of abolitionist leaders, but refuted in its argument for “downwardly mobile” social origins. See John L. Hammond, The Politics of Benevolence: Revival Religion and American Voting Behavior (Norwood, N.J., 1979), 92-93.
23 John L. Hammond finds the following zero-order r values between New England origins and voting for the Liberty Party and Black Suffrage:
|
Ohio Liberty |
New York |
New York |
Year |
Party |
Liberty Party |
Black Suffrage |
1840 |
.539 |
.349 |
|
1842 |
n.a. |
.419 |
|
1844 |
.521 |
.521 |
|
1846 |
.374 |
|
.697 |
The author himself points out that this association is stronger than other social variables. See John L. Hammond, The Politics of Benevolence, 90-91.
24 Clement Eaton, The Freedom-of-Thought Struggle in the Old South (rev. and enl. ed., New York, 1964), 347