2 Fithian, Journal and Letters, 235-36; Claude M. Newlin, “Philip Vickers Fithian’s Observations on the Language of Virginia,” As 4 (1928), 111.

3 Hans Kurath, A Word Geography of the United States (Ann Arbor, 1949).

4 George Philip Krapp, The English Language in America (2 vols., New York, 1925), 238.