1 There was a brief period of royal control from 1692 to 1694.

2 Isaac Norris, Friendly Advice to the Inhabitants of Pennsylvania (n.p., n.d., (Philadelphia, 1710?); a copy is in the Pemberton Papers, HSP.

3 Tolles, Meeting House and Counting House, 10.

4 For an example by the Philadelphia Yearly Meeting in 1711, see Richard Bauman, For the Reputation of Truth, 2.

5 William Penn to Thomas Lloyd et al., 15 Aug. 1685, Penn Papers, HSP.

6 Nash, Quakers and Politics, 241.