Aberdeen, NC, 640
Abernethy, Thomas, 775
Abernethy, NC, 640
Abingdon Parish, Eng., 240
Abingdon Parish, VA, 235
Abnaki, 452
Abolitionism, 855
Abraham, 23
Academies, 724
Accent, see Speech ways
Accomac Parish, VA, 235
Acrelius, Israel, 542
Ad Valorem, NC, 641
Adams, Charles Francis, 144
Adams, Jeremiah, 84
Adams, Thomas, 95
Adultery, 499; MD, 299; MA, 82, 86, 88, 89, 194; VA, 299; Del. Valley, 499
Aethelred, 794
Age heaping: MA, 103; VA, 323; backcountry, 694, 696; summary, 813
Age structure; see Migration, age structure
Age ways: defined, 8; indicators, 11; MA, 103; VA, 321; Del. Valley, 513; backcountry, 691
Albany, NY, 816
Albemarle Co., VA, 381
Albion, 7
Alcohol 689; see also Food ways; Foodstuffs
Alexander, Nathan, 648
Alexander III, 624
Alford, Eng., 40
Alien and Sedition Acts, 842
Alien Friends Act, 844
Allegany Co., MD, 240
Allen, Andrew, 466
Allen, Ann, 466
Allen, David Grayson, 168
Allen, Eleanor, 466
Allen, James, 466
Allen, John, 466
Allen, Margaret, 466
Allen, Nathaniel, 466
Allen, Nehemiah, 466
Allen, Thomas, 51
Allen, William, 466
Allen, William Sr., 466
Allentown, PA, 444
Allerton, Isaac, 219
Allerton family, 216
Allestree, Richard, 334
Allyn, John, 40
Allyn family, 174
Alsace, 431
Alsop, George, 398
Alton, Eng., 245
American Revolution, 828
Ames, Fisher, 845
Ames, William, 51
Amherst, MA, 170
Angles, 53
Anglesey, Wales, 430
Anglo-Irish, 616
Angola, 817
Anne Arundel Co., MD, 240
Animals, attitudes toward, 553
Anti-imperalism, 866
Anti-imperalist League, 866
Antrim, Ire., 622
Antrim, NH, 640
Apple cheese, 543
Apprentices, 357
Architecture, see Building ways
Archdale, John, 420
Archer family, 226
Ariston$$$e, 321
Arlington, Lord, 209
Armadale, Scot., 608
Armagh, Ire., 622
Arminius, Jacobus, 23
Armit, John, 466
Armstrong $$$an, 663
Arnold, $$$enedict, 466
Asbury, Francis, 707
Ascension Day, 370
Ash Wednesday, 371
Ashe, Thomas, 737
Ashe family, 644
Ashton, John, 346
Ashton family, 216 Ma, 185: VA, $$$; D$$$. Valley, 577; backcountry, 759; summary, 814
Aston, 444
Aston family, 216
A$$$eird, 241
Augusta Co., VA, 635
Austin, Moses, 747
Aylmer, Gerald, 902
Ayr, NC, 640
Ayr, Scot., 622
Babbitt, 886
Bacchus, NC, 640
Backcountry, settlement of, 605-782; attitudes of other regions toward, 733; historiography, 787
Bacon family, 216
Badminton House, Eng., 413
Bala, PA, 444
Balch family, 784
Balfour, NC, 640
Balgra, NC, 640
Ball, William, 214
Ball family, 216
Ball’s Rebellion, 53
Ballads, 718
Ballard family, 216
Balloon frame house, 68
Baltimore Co., MD, 240
Bancroft, George, $$$27
Bane, Donald, 624
Bangs, Benjamin, 514
Bank Meeting House, Philadelphia, PA, 523
Bank of the United States, 849
Bankhead, John, 649
Bankhead, Tallulah, 649
Bankhead, William, 649
Bannockburn, 625
Barber family, 464
Barmkin, 661
Barnes, Maybe, 4
Barnes, Rebecca, 491
Barnes, Richard, 403
Bartram family, 463
Baseball, see also Illegitimacy
Bathing, 554
Bathurst family, 216
Bayly, Lewis, 334
Bayly, Nicholas, 92
Bayly family, 92
Beadle (office), 100
Bean, Russell, 770
Beaufort, Dukes of, 413
Beckwith, John, 176
Beckwith family, 216
Bedell family, 216
Bedford, PA, 442
Bedfordshine 31, 219, 239, 442; migration: to MA, 35; to VA, 210, 239; to PA, 442
Belfast, ME, 640
Bellingham, Richard, 40
Bellot, John, 393
Benezet, Anthony, 602
Bennett family, 216
Ben’s Ridge, 642
Bendy, William, 149
Benton, Thomas Hart, 875
Bere Regis, Eng., 241
Bergen Co., NJ, 816
Berkeley, Frances Culpeper, 456
Berkeley, George, 209
Berkeley, Henry, 209
Berkeley, Norborne, 223
Berkeley, William, 207, 209, 211, 212, 214, 215, 220, 221, 224, 226, 234, 248, 252, 255, 264, 286, 332, 333, 347, 366, 377, 370, 388, 405, 406, 408, 410, 804, 819
Berkeley Hundred, Eng., 262
Berkeley Hundred, VA, 236
Berkeley hunt, 208
Berkeley vale, Eng., 236
Berks Country, PA, 442
Berkshire, 208, 210, 205, 350; migration: to MA, 35; to VA, 210, 237; to PA, 438; forests in, 244
Bernard, Francis, 826
Bernard family, 216
Bert’s Greek, 642
Berwyn, Wales, 444
Berwick, Eng., 209
Beverley, Katherine, 222
Beverley, Peter, 222
Beverley, Robert, 220, 224, 247, 248, 251, 265, 333, 365, 366, 390, 416
Beverley, Susan, 224
Beverley, William, 378
Beverley Manor, VA, 377
Beversham, Elizabeth, 309
Biard, Pierre, 784
Biddle, Nicholas, 849
Big Fat Gap, 642
Big Sandy, 641
Big Trouble, 641
Big Valley, PA, 580
Biggs, Small-Hope, 97
Billerica, Eng., 38
Billerica, MA, 167
Bilton, 444
Birmingham, PA, 444
Blackfan, Rebecca Crispin, 466
Blackmail, 629
Blair, Samuel, 466
Blair family, 216
Bland, Richard, 224
Bland family, 216
Bland Free Coinage Bill of 1899, 865
Blantyre, NC, 640
Blenheim, Eng., 320
Blind, care of, 855
Blissland Parish, VA, 235
Bloodrun Greek, 641
Bloodsports, see Sports and games
Bloody Rock, 642
Bloomfield Castle, Ire., 644
Blount conspiracy, 841
Blount family, 259
Blue laws, 163
Blundell, William, 305
Blunston, Samuel, 496
Blusion family, 464
Board of Trade, 804
Boodie, William, 716
Bolling, Jane, 224
Bolling family, 466
Bonneau, Floride, 648
Books, burning of, 203
Boone, Daniel, 782
Borough English, 172
Borsholders, 190
Bosely Cloud, Eng., 448
Boston game, see Sports and games
Boston Stump, 40
Boswell, James, 608
Botetourt, Lord, 223
Botetourt family, 259
Botetout, William, 328
Boucher, Jonathan, 275
Boungrace, see Dress, articles of
Bownas, Samuel, 497
Boxford, Eng., 38
Boxford, MA, 170
Boxted, End., 67
Bradford, 444
Bradford, Eng., 445
Bradstreet, Anne Dudley, 14
Bradstreet, Dorcas, 40
Bradstreet, Dorothy, 40
Bradstreet, Dudley, 40
Bradstreet, Hannah, 40
Bradstreet, John, 40
Bradstreet, Mercy, 40
Bradstreet, Samuel, 40
Bradstreet, Sarah, 40
Bradstreet family, 50
Braithwaite, William, 474
Bramston, Sir John, 52
Brand, Benjamin, 27
Brandeis University, 874
Brandywine Creek, 451
Brasenose College, Oxford, 221
Braunston, Eng., 221
Breaking out (winter): MA, 68
Breakneck Ridge, 641
Breckinridge, John, 858
Brent, Giles, 281
Brent family, 216
Brevard, Ephraim, 648
Brick, 269
Bridal cakes, 81
Bridenbaugh, Carl, 635
Bridlington, Eng., 420
Bridewain, 674
Bright, Henry, 173
Bringfurst family, 465
Brissot de Warville, 551
Bristol, 444
Bristol Parish, Eng., 240
Bristol Parish, VA, 235
Brockbank, Thomas, 777
Brodnax family, 216
Brokeleg Branch, 641
Brontë, Anne, 445
Brontë, Charlotte, 445
Brontë, Emily, 445
Brooke, Lord, 178
Brooke, Richard, 279
Brooke family, 216
Brooks, Cleanth, 259
Brougham, Henry, 646
Brougham, Lord, 648
Brougham Hall, 646
Brown, Hannah, 488
Brown, John, 857
Brown, R.J., 63
Brown University, 146
Browne, Abraham, 173
Browne, Edmund, 51
Browne, Margaret, 172
Browne, Richard, 27
Browne, Robert, 796
Brownes of Troutbeck family, 717
Bruce, William Cabell, 220
Bruton Church, 327
Bruton Parish, Eng., 240
Bruton Parish, VA, 235
Bruton Priory, Eng., 208
Brutus, 780
Bryn Mawr, PA, 444
Bryan, William Jennings, 819
Bryan’s Station, KY, 641
Buchanan, George, 657
Buck, Richard, 233
Buckingham’s Revolt, 46
Buckinghamshire, 208, 219, 237, 442, 463; migration: to New Eng., 35; to VA, 219; to Delaware Valley, 438
Buckner, John, 347
Buckner family, 216
Budd, Mary, 466
Budd, Rose, 466
Budd family, 463
BUILDING TECHNIQUES AND DETAILS
box building, 63
chambering over, 64
chimney girts, 64
clay daubing, 658
clay filling, 272
clay ramming, 272
crownposts, 63
doors, dead-nailed, 662
dormers, 265
fachwerk construction, 480
false stonework, 268
firepits, 657
fireplaces, 658
hearths, cobble-paved, 662
jetties, 66
lean-to kitchens, 64
lintels, 476
lofts, 271
log chimneys, 658
loggias, 265
mullions, 662
pent houses, 662
pent roofs, 479
pentise roofs, 479
pole roofs, 657
puncheons, 272
purlins, 64
rafters, 63
rannel balks, 662
roof framing, 64
stone, 476
stairs, corner, 477
stucco, 272
summer halls, 265
tenons, 64
twelve pitch roof, 64
wattle and funk, 658
weatherboarding, 63
windbraces, 64
windows, 68, 476; casement, 68; double hung, 68; guillotine, 68
woodcladding, 63
BUILDING TYPES
balloon frame house, 68
barmkin, 661
Cape Cod house, 64
church, Anglican, 335; cruciform (T shaped), 335, 338; cruciform (Latin cross), 336; cruciform (Greek cross), 339
corridor kitchen house, 481
cowpen, 661
cross house, 481
dogtrot cabin, 658
double pen cabin, 660
flurkuchenhaus, 481
four over four house, 479
Greek Revival house, 68
Kreuzhaus, 481
market house, 117
mobile homes, 662
peles, 628
puncheon house, 272
Quaker plan house, 479
saddlebag house, 660
salt box house, 64
statesman house, 658
stretched box house, 66
Virginia house, 264
Building ways: defined, 8; indicators, 11; MA, 62; VA, 264; Del. Valley, 476; backcountry, 655; summary, 814
Bulkeley family, 49
Bull, ffly-fornication, 97
Bull, Governor, 723
Bullock, James, 360
Bundling, 79-80
Burd, James, 466
Burd, Sarah, 466
Burghley, Lord, 626
Burial customs: Massachusetts Puritans, 114; English, 276; Virginia Anglicans, 276, 328; Delaware Quakers, 520; Amish, 522; German Pietists, 522; Backcountry, 701; Border, 701; summary, 813
Burke, Edmund, 414
Burlington, 480
Burnaby, Andrew, 411
Burnett, Archibald, 281
Burnt Candlemas, 625
Burr, Aaron, 841
Burr family, 34
Burton, Robert, 209
Burwell, Lewis, 220
Burwell family, 216
Butler, Pierce, 772
Butt family, 216
Byllinge, Edward, 453
Byrd, Anne, 224
Byrd, Evelyn, 283
Byrd, Jane, 224
Byrd, Maria, 224
Byrd, Mary, 224
Byrd, Otway, 295
Byrd, Ursula, 224
Byrd, Wilhelmina, 224
Byrd, William, 218, 220, 222, 224, 253, 254, 256, 261, 280, 283, 287, 288, 289, 293, 300, 325, 326, 329, 348, 350, 367, 368, 369, 384, 385, 389, 401, 403, 646, 676, 754, 821
Cabell family, 216
Cabins, 628
Cadwalader, Hannah, 466
Caesar, 780
Caldwell, Martha, 648
Caldwell, Silas, 648
Caldwell family, 644
Caledonian games, 738
Calendar: Massachusetts Puritans, 161; Virginia Anglicans, 370; Del. Valley Quakers, 561; backcountry settlers, 744; see also Time ways
Calhoun, Agnes, 648
Calhoun, Catherine Montgomery, 646
Calhoun, Jane, 648
Calhoun, Joseph, 648
Calhoun, Martha, 648
Calhoun, Mary, 648
Calhoun, Patrick Jr., 648
Calhoun, Rebecca, 648
California, southern, 760
Calithumpian serenade, 673
Calling, 555; see also work ways
Calthorpe family, 216
Calvert, Benedict Leonard, 254
Calvert Co., MD, 240
Calvinists, 431
Calypso, NC, 640
Cambridge, Eng., 38
Cambridge University, 465
Cambridgeshire, 31, 219, 239; migration: to New Eng., 35; to VA, 219, 239; to Del. Valley, 438
Cambry, PA, 444
Cameron, Richard, 616
Cameronians, 616
Camm, Ann, 492
Camp meeting, 679
Campbell, William, 649
Campbell County, KY, 752
Campbell family, 644
Campbelltown, NC, 776
Campground, 641
Candle lighting, 162
Candlemas, 395
Canmore, Malcolm, 624
Canterbury, Eng., 30
Cape, Cod house, 64
Cape Fear Valley, NC, 818
Cape Newagen, Boothbay, ME, 784
Capital punishment: in Puritan colonies, 193, 194; in Virginia, 400; in Quaker colonies, 588; in backcountry, 767
Capping, 574
Carew, Francis, 284
Carew, Nicholas, 284
Carmarthen, Wales: migration to Del. Valley, 438
Carnarvon, Wales, 430
Carolina, 263, 420, 453, 804; see also North Carolina; South Carolina
Caroline, Queen, 413
Carpenter, Samuel, 466
Carr, Peter, 362
Carroll, Dr. Charles, 247
Carroll Co., MD, 240
Carter, Bob, 303
Carter, Fanny, 305
Carter, John, 222
Carter, Robert Wormeley, 324
Carter Co., TN, 751
Carteret, George, 453
Carteret, John, 748
Carver, John, 784
Cash, W.J., 758
Cass, Lewis, 853
Catawba River, NC, settlement patterns, 761
Cat (game), see Sports and games
Catlett family, 216
Cavalryman’s lisp, 823
Cavendish, Charles, 417
Ceely, Major, 576
Celtic, 684
Challenge and response, theory of, 54
Chambering, 82
Chamberlain, Thomas, 218
Chamberlayne family, 216
Champion, 153
Channel Islands, migration: to New England, 152; to VA, 219, 239
Chapman, Sarah, 163
Charles I, 16, 51, 108, 207, 211, 223, 269, 355, 416, 625, 781, 803, 804, 808
Charles Co., MD, 240
Charlestown, MA, 36
Charlie’s Bunion Mountain, 642
Charlotte, NC, 639
Chase faction (MD), 830
Chases, 244
Chastelleux, Marquis de, 688
Chauncey family, 49
Chaytor, William, 630
Cheadle, Eng., 450
Cheate, Charles, 314
Cheever, Ezekiel, 51
Chrisman family, 216
Chelsea, MA, 785
Chelmsford, Eng., 38
Cherokee War, 773
Chesapeake Bay, environmental conditions, 247, 805; map, 249
Chesapeake groups, 208
Cheshire, 219, 239, 450, 463, 476 migration to MA, 35; to VA, 219, 239; to Del. Valley, 438
Chester, Frances, 309
Chester Creek, 451
Chesterfield, PA, 444
Chevalier, Michel, 831
Chew family, 216
Chicheley, Henry, 254
Chichester, Eng., 245
Child-naming ways, see Naming ways
Child-rearing way: defined, 8; indicators, 11; Massachusetts Puritans, 97, 113; Virg$$$ Anglicans, 311; Del. Valley Quakers, 507; backcountry settlers, 687; summary, 814
Children, abuse of, 770
Chilton family, 216
China, 866
Chivalry, 583
Cheisman family, 259
Christ Church, VA, 339
Christ Church Parish, Lancaster, VA, 235
Christ Church Parish, Middlesex, VA, 235
Christ’s College, Cambridge, 34
Christian, Ewen, 685
Christian, John, 685
Christian, Mr., 313
Christian Co., KY, 752
Christian family, 685
Christiana, 445
Christmas: Massachusetts Puritans, 163; Virginia Anglicans, 350, 370, 395; Delaware Valley Quakers, 561; backcountry settlers, 745
Church of England, see Religions denominations, Anglican
Church Hall, Boxted, England, 67
Church seating: Massachusetts Congregationalists, 103; Virg$$$ Anglicans, 337, 339; Del. Valley Quakers, 522, 526; backcountry Presbyterians, 691
Churchill family, 216
Churchman, George, 516
City on a Hill, applied to East Anglia, 47
Clabber, 728
Clabber Branch, 641
Claiborne, William, 216
Clampitt, Henry, 395
Clap, Roger, 18
Clapbread, 728
Clarence’s Rising, 46
Clark, Dr. John, 29
Clarke family, 216
Clayton family, 216
Cleveland, Benjamin, 649
Clifford, Simon, 394
Climate and culture: New England, 53; Chesapeake, 251; Del. Valley, 451; backcountry, 638; compared, 806
Clinton, De Witt, 846
Clinton, Theophilus, 51
Clintonian elite (NY), 830
Clopton, Thomasine, 40
Clopton family, 216
Clydebank, Scot., 609
Clymer family, 466
Coale, Josiah, 452
Cochecho, Dover, 784
Cocke, Secretary, 327
Cocke family, 216
Cockle bread, see Sports and games
Cockshailing, see Sports and games
Coitus interrruptus, 93
Colchester, Eng., 47
Cole, Alan, 434
Cole, Be-courteous, 97
Cole, Richard, 333
Cole, Robert, 27
Cole family, 216
Colerain, 640
Colhoun family, 646
Colleges in American colonies: Harvard, 109, 146, 147, 180, 725; Yale, 110, 149; Brown, 146; Dartmouth, 146; Princeton, 146, 150, 644; Rutgers, 150; William and Mary, 224, 298, 348; Pennsylvania, 467; Queens (N.C.), 825
Collinson, Peter, 555
Colne Engaine, Eng., 66
Colonial mood: Massachusetts Puritans, 93; Virginia Anglicans, 252; Del. Valley Quakers, 468; backcountry settlers, 650
Comity: defined, 8; indicators, 11; Massachusetts Puritans, 181; Virginia Anglicans, 389; Delaware Valley Quakers, 577; Backcountry settlers, 759; summary, 814
Commencement Day (holiday in Massachusetts), 164
Commerce; see Work ways; Wealth ways
Commission for Foreign Plantations, 808
Commission Government, PA, 592
Committee for America, 808
Committee for Foreign Plantations, 808
Committee for Trade and Plantations, 809
Compromise of 1850, 856
Conant, Roger, 784
Conant family, 785
Conant’s Island, Mass. Bay, 784
Conception, season of: New England, 166; Chesapeake colonies, 371; Delaware Valley, 565
Concord, PA, 442
Confederacy, 861
Conjuring, 711
Continental Congress, 828
Cooke, Elizabeth, 309
Cooke, Richard, 520
Cooke Co., TN, 751
Cookwood family, 259
Coolidge, John, 173
Cooper, Sybil Matlock, 518
Cope, William, 261
Coppice cutting, 658
Corncake, 641
Cornwall, migration: to VA, 219, 237, 239; to Del. Valley, 438
Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 334
Corwin House, Salem, MA, 67
Cotswold Edge, Eng., 236
Cotton, Ann Lake, 46
Cotton, Elizabeth, 41
Cotton, John, 18, 19, 22, 23, 40, 49, 51, 70, 87, 130, 156, 177, 818
Cotton, Seaborn, 40
Cotton family, 40
Country party (in Pennsylvania politics), 591
Coursing, see Sports and games
Court records, 86
Covenant, 23
Coxe, Sally, 466
Craig’s Creek, VA, 641
Craighead, Alexander, 648
Craighead, Jean, 648
Craighead, Nancy, 648
Cranberry Islands, ME, 785
Crashaw, William, 232
Craven family, 216
Crawford family, 664
Crefeld, 444
Crenshaw family, 259
Cresheim, 444
Cresson, James, 466
Creswell, Mr., 112
Crime rates: New Eng. colonies, 191; Chesapeake colonies, 404; Del. Valley colonies, 587; backcountry settlements, 703, 768; compared, 815
Crock, John, 794
Cromwell, Thomas, 208
Croshaw family, 216
Cryde, Arthur, 322
Cuba, 866
Cuckold’s Creek, 642
Culpeper, Lord, 347
Cumber, 556
Cumberland, Duke of, 640
Cumberland, Eng., 463, 610, 621; migration: to MA, 35; to VA, 219, 239; to Del. Valley, 438, 439
Cumberland, MD, 640
Cumberland counties, 642
Cumberland Co., KY, 752
Cumberland Co., VA, 769
Cumberland Gap, 640
Cumberland Knob, NC, 640
Cumberland Mountains, KY, 640
Cumberland River, TN, 640
Curfew, 162
Curtis, William, 127
Curwen, Jonathan, 40
Custis, Frances Parke, 292
Custis, John, 292
Cutler, Timothy, 110
Cutthroat Gap, 641
Dalkeith, NC, 640
Dalton, Michael, 399
Damariscove Island, 784
Dancing Assembly, Philadelphia, 467
Dane, Robert, 437
Dane Law, 793
Darby, PA, 444
Dartmouth, Earl of, 759
Daubing, 658
Davenport, John, 19
David, king (Scot.), 624
Davies, Samuel, 644
Davis, James H. “Cyclone,” 867
Davis, John W., 868
Davy, Alice, 569
Davy, Dionnis, 569
De la Warre, Lord, 233
De Miranda, Francisco, 551
Death ways: defined, 8; indicators, 11; Massachusetts Puritans, 111; Virginia Anglicans, 326; Del. Valley Quakers, 517; backcountry settlers, 697; summary, 813
Debatable lands, 639
Debt: Virginia and England, 367, 368; Quaker attitudes toward, 557
Declension, 820
Deer parks, 244
Deerfield, MA, 195
Defoe, Daniel, 802
DeLancey, James, 466
Delaware, Lord, see De la Warre
Delaware Indians, 452
Democratic-Republican party, 844
Denbigh, PA, 444
Denby, Wales, migration to Del. Valley, 438
Denison, Daniel, 40
Denominations, religious; see Religion, denominations of
Depravity, Puritan idea of, 23
Deputy husbands, 85
Derby, Eng., 149
Derbyshire, 219, 450, 463, 476; migration: to New England, 35; to VA, 219; to Del. Valley, 421, 438; Quakers in, 422
Derry, Ire., 622
Derry, NH, 640
Descent of names, see Naming ways
Devil’s Tater Patch, 641
Devonshire, 219, 239, 261, 383; migration: to New England, 35; to VA, 219, 236, 239; to Del. Valley, 438
D’Ewes, Sir Simonds, 52
Dewey, Thomas, 881
Dewey family, 34
Dexter, Henry Martyn, 49
Dickinson family, 467
Dickson, R.J., 609
Dickson, W., 654
Digges, Cole, 222
Digges, Thomas, 224
Dillingham, John, 27
Dillington, Richard, 310
Dillwyn, Sarah, 466
Dillwyn, Susanna, 509
Dilworth, James, 466
Dilworth, John, 466
Dilworth, Thomas, 466
Dilworth, William, 466
Dilworthtown, PA, 444
Dinwiddie family, 259
Discovery (ship), 226
Divorce: Massachusetts Puritans, 77, 82; Virginia Anglicans, 281
Dobbs, Arthur, 666