1 On Hardy’s fictional map of Wessex, Casterbridge was Dorchester, Exonbury was Exeter, Wintoncester was Winchester, and Christminster was Oxford, and Castle Royal was Windsor. For the geography of Hardy’s Wessex see David Daiches and John Flower, Literary Landscapes of the British Isles: A Narrative Atlas (1979, New York, 1980), 158-71; Carl J. Weber, Hardy of Wessex (rev. ed., New York, 1965); Merryn Williams, Thomas Hardy and Rural England (New York, 1972); Ruth Firor, Folkways in Thomas Hardy (Philadelphia, 1951); Robert Gittings, Young Thomas Hardy (Boston, 1975); idem, Thomas Hardy’s Later Years (Boston, 1978).

2 The Turbervilles intermarried with the Lees and Custis families; their genealogy and heraldry appears in Edmund J. Lee, Lee of Virginia, 1642-1692: Biographical and Genealogical Sketches of the Descendants of Col. Richard Lee (1895, Baltimore, 1983), 93-95.

3 David Hill, An Atlas of Anglo-Saxon England, maps 174-177.

4 J. H. Bettey, Wessex from AD 1000 (London, 1986) 6, summarizing much scholarship, notably D. Bonney, “Early Boundaries and Estates in Southern England,” in P. Sawyer, ed., Medieval Settlement, Continuity and Change (London, 1976), 72-81.

5 D.J.V. Fisher, The Anglo-Saxon Age, c 400-1042 (London, 1973), 44, 122, 333.