7 Barbour, The Quakers in Puritan England, 165.

8 Richard Bauman, Let Your Words Be Few: Symbolism of Speaking and Silence among Seventeenth Century Quakers (Cambridge, 1983); T. Edmund Harvey, Quaker Language (Philadelphia, 1928).

9 A test of regional bias toward Indian languages appeared in the naming of rivers throughout the colonies. Virtually all major rivers in the Quaker colonies kept their Indian names even when unpronounciable to English tongues (Susquehanna, Schuylkill, Juniata, Tioga, Kiskiminetas, Youghiogheny, Allegheny, Conemaugh, Monongahela, Kishecoquillas, Lackawanna); the only major exception was the Delaware which was named before the Quakers arrived.
   In southern New England, on the other hand, most rivers were given English names (Charles, Sudbury, Concord, Taunton, Farmington, Ware, Miller’s, Swift, Deerfield, Westfield, Thames, Blackstone). The only major exceptions were the Merrimack, Pawtucket, Connecticut, Naugatuck and Housatonic. Many small ponds and creeks in southern New England which bear Indian names today received them in the nineteenth century. Thus, the sheet of water east of Worcester was named Long Pond by the Puritans; it was renamed Lake Quinsigamund in the nineteenth century.
   In Virginia, the pattern was mixed (Potomac, Rappahannock, York, James, Blackwater, Shenandoah, Dan, Roanoke, Appomattox). Here were three distinct regional patterns of river naming.