2 John Clement, Sketches of the First Emigrant Settlers in Newton Township, Old Gloucester County, New Jersey (Camden, 1877), 51; Nicholas Canny, “The Irish Background to Penn’s Experiment,” in Dunn and Dunn, eds., The World of William Penn, 139-56.

3 T. M. Rees, A History of Quakers in Wales and the Emigration to North America (Carmarthen, 1925), 178; J. Ambler Williams, “The Influence of the Welsh in the Making of Pennsylvania,” PH 10 (1943), 120; Charles H. Browning, Welsh Settlement of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, 1912), 27; A. H. Dodd, The Character of Early Welsh Emigration to the United States (Cardiff, 1953).