28 George Flower, History of the English Settlement in Edwards County, Illinois. … (Chicago, 1882), II, 24.

29 Marckwardt, in company with many linguists, heaped ridicule upon this idea. But ridicule is not a form of refutation, and as Marckwardt himself observed, these persistent “impressions of archaism remain to be accounted for.” Albert H. Marckwardt, American English (2d ed., rev. by J. L. Dillard, New York, 1980), 70-71.

30 John Mack Faragher, Sugar Creek: Life on the Illinois Prairie (New Haven, 1986), 45-46.