3 A quantitative analysis of British emigrant registers (1773-76) by American historian Bernard Bailyn yields the following occupational data for those who came from the borders:

Occupation

Emigrants from Northern England

Emigrants from Scottish Borders

Gentry

1.0%

0.6%

Merchandising

4.8%

3.3%

High skilled crafts and trades

4.6%

7.8%

Ordinarily skilled crafts and trades

37.5%

27.2%

Farming

40.0%

26.7%

Laborers

12.1%

34.4%

Total

100.0%

100.0%

Note: Northern England includes the six counties of Cumberland, Westmorland, Northumberland, Durham, Lancashire and Yorkshire; the Scottish Borders include the seven counties of Wigtown, Kirkcudbright, Dumfries, Roxburgh, Selkirk, Peebles, and Berwick. The source is Bailyn, Voyagers to the West, 162-63.

4Ibid., 170-71.

5 Cheesman A. Herrick, White Servitude in Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, 1926), 164-66; Abbot E. Smith, Colonists in Bondage: White Servitude and Convict Labor in America, 1607-1776 (Chapel Hill, 1947), 171, 289.