8 W. R. Baron, “Eighteenth Century New England Climate Variation and Its Suggested Impact on Society,” MEHSQ 21 (1981-82), 201-14; David C. Smith, “Climate Fluctuations and Agriculture in Southern and Central New England,” ibid., 179-200.
9 In the environmental history of New England, one might stand the Wittfogel thesis on its head. The absence of hydraulic problems allowed an open society to develop; cf. Karl Wittfogel, Oriental Despotism: A Comparative Study of Total Power (New Haven, 1957).
10 S. W. Tromp, Medical Biometeorology: Weather, Climate and the Living Organism (Amsterdam, 1963).
11 Arnold Toynbee, A Study of History (12 vols., 1934-61, rpt. New York, 1962), II, 65.