32 The first Adams was a Puritan maltster who came to New England in 1638; both John and John Quincy Adams were entirely descended from families who arrived in the great migration.
   Millard Fillmore was entirely of old New England stock. He was the son of Nathaniel and Phebe (Millard) Fillmore, whose ancestors had arrived in the great migration.
   Franklin Pierce was descended from Thomas Pierce, who emigrated to Charlestown, Massachusetts, in 1634-35; his mother, Anna Kendrick, was also of an old New England family which came in the great migration.
   Rutherford Hayes was of mixed ancestry; he was descended from George Hayes, who emigrated from Scotland to New England, ca. 1680, and on his mother’s side from John Birchard, who settled in New England ca. 1635. Despite these Scottish and Huguenot names, his biographer notes that the “majority of his forefathers were English on both sides,” mostly descended from the great migration (H. J. Eckenrode, Rutherford B. Hayes (Port Washington, N.Y., 1963), 4). Hayes identified strongly with his New England forbears (letter to Harriet Moody, 24 Feb. 1838, Diary and Letters, I, 19).
   James Garfield’s American roots began with Edward Garfield, who came to Massachusetts Bay in 1630. The future President’s mother was Eliza Ballou, also of an old Massachusetts family.
   Chester Arthur was half-Yankee; his Ulster emigrant father married Malvina Stone, of old New England stock.
   Grover Cleveland was also of mixed origins; the first Cleveland came from East Anglia to Massachusetts in 1635; his father was a Congregational (later Presbyterian) minister who wed Ann Neal, who was the daughter of an Anglo-Irish immigrant and an Anglo-German Quaker mother from Germantown, Pennsylvania.
   William Howard Taft was entirely of New England stock. An ancestor named Robert Taft appeared in the records of Braintree, Massachusetts, by 1678; the date of his emigration is unknown. The president’s paternal grandmother, Sylvia Howard, was descended from forbears originally called Hayward who settled in Braintree by 1642. His mother, Louisa Maria Torrey, was descended from Capt. William Torrey, who emigrated to Massachusetts in 1640.
   John Calvin Coolidge traced his descent from John Coolidge, who had migrated from Cambridgeshire to Massachusetts ca. 1635. The future President’s mother, Victoria Moor, was of an eminent Connecticut Valley family. Her father Hiram Dunlap Moor was of mixed English and Scottish descent; her mother, Abigail Franklin, came from forbears who had migrated to Massachusetts during the 1630s.

33 Franklin Roosevelt’s Dutch grandfather Isaac Roosevelt married Mary Aspinwall, of a New England family who arrived in Boston ca. 1630. His mother Sara Delano came entirely from old New England stock; his maternal grandmother was a Lyman, whose forbears had come to Massachusetts in 1631.

34 He was descended from Samuel Lincoln, a weaver who migrated from East Anglia to Massachusetts in 1637; several Lincolns moved to Berks County, Pennsylvania, marrying with Quakers. “The family were originally Quakers,” the President wrote, “though in later times they have fallen from the peculiar habits of that people.” The ancestry of Lincoln’s mother Nancy Hanks is unknown; she may have come from one of many Quaker Hanks families who went from Cheshire and Derbyshire to Pennsylvania during the 1680s. Lincoln was raised by a stepmother of part New England stock, Sarah Bush Johnston, who became a strong influence upon the future President. See Abraham Lincoln, “Autobiography Written for John L. Scripps, 1860,” Abraham Lincoln to Solomon Lincoln, 6 March 1848; and Abraham Lincoln to Jesse W. Fell, 20 Dec. 1859, in The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, ed. Roy P. Basler (New Brunswick, 1953), IV, 60-61; I, 456; II, 511; cf. William E. Barton, Lineage of Lincoln (Indianapolis, 1929), 316-18.