10 The following empirical indicators are employed here:
Folkway |
Qualitative Indicators |
Quantitative Indicators |
Speech |
pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar |
speech frequencies |
Building |
styles, plans, methods, materials |
modal building types |
Family |
family ideas, language and law |
completed size, household composition |
Marriage |
courtship and marriage customs |
age at marriage, proportion married |
Gender |
ideas and language |
|
Sex |
ideas and language |
prenuptial pregnancy; bastardy; fertility |
Naming |
qualities of namesakes |
forename frequencies, descent ratios, etc. |
Child-rearing |
ideas of child nature and nurture |
sending-out frequencies |
Age |
ideas of age relations |
age-heaping patterns |
Death |
ideas of fatalism |
|
Religion |
worship rituals; church architecture |
church membership |
Magic |
magic customs |
frequency of witchcraft proceedings |
Learning |
institutions and rituals |
total education rate |
Literacy |
attitudes toward literacy and orality |
signature-mark frequencies |
Food |
foods, cooking and eating methods |
foodstuff frequencies |
Dress |
sumptuary laws, dress norms |
|
Sport |
common games, ideology of sport |
|
Work |
work ethics |
work force composition |
Time |
ideas of time; calendars; holidays |
seasonality indicators |
Wealth |
ideas of wealth |
grants, Gini ratios, SSTT, zero-holdings |
Inheritance |
intestacy rules |
sibling shares |
Rank |
criteria, language, rituals of rank |
rank distribution |
Association |
ideals of settlement |
settlement patterns, persistence |
Order |
ideas of order and ordering institutions |
crime rates; indictments; penalties |
Power |
institutions of local government |
voting, officeholding, taxing and spending |
Freedom |
libertarian ideas and customs |
|