7 Everett Dick, The Dixie Frontier: A Social History of the Southern Frontier from the First Transmontane Beginnings to the Civil War (New York, 1948), 24, 310.

8EDD, “Hoozer;” cf. Mitford Mathews, A Dictionary of Americanisms on Historical Principles (1951, Chicago, 1956), “Hoosier.”

9“Red-neck,” Matthews, Dictionary of Americanisms, 1373; Anne Royall, Mrs. Royall’s Southern Tour (3 vols., Washington, 1830-31), I, 148; for an earlier example in the north of England, see OED, “redneck,” under “red,” 18.a.

10“Cracker,” Matthews, Dictionary of Americanisms; for earlier English examples, see “Cracker,” OED. Other suggestions that cracker is short for “corn-cracker” or for “whip-cracker” are contradicted by the earliest examples.