17 George Francis Dow, Every Day Life in the Massachusetts Bay Colony (Boston, 1935), 210.
18 Powers estimated in the county courts of Essex and Suffolk, and the Massachusetts Court of Assistants and the Plymouth Court from 1620 to 1692, the death penalty was invoked for the following offenses: witchcraft, 23; murder, 11; piracy, 6; rape, 4; Quakers, 4; bestiality, 2; adultery, 2; arson, 2; treason, 2. Flaherty found that in Massachusetts from 1693 to 1769, 56 people were hanged: murder, 26; infanticide, 15; burglary 8, rape, 3; arson, 3; sodomy, 1. See Flaherty, “Crime and Social Control in Provincial Massachusetts,” 339-60; “The Punishment of Crime at the Massachusetts Assizes: An Overview, 1692-1750” (unpub. paper, 1978-79); Edwin Powers, Crime and Punishment in Early Massachusetts, 1620-1692 (Boston, 1966), 294, 404-8; Kathryn Preyer, “Penal Measures in the American Colonies: An Overview,” AJLH 26 (1982), 327-53.
19 Alice Morse Earle, Curious Punishments of Bygone Days (1896, Rutland, Vt., 1972), 140; Jones, Quakers in the American Colonies, 75.
20 Earle, Curious Punishments, 140.