11 Cressy, Literacy and the Social Order, 45.

12Ibid., 187.

13 John R. Barden, “Reflections of a Singular Mind: The Library of Robert Carter of Nominy Hall,” VMHB 96 (1988), 83-94.

14 As early as 1658 John Lee of Virginia presented to The Queen’s College a silver cup which bears the piquant inscription, “Coll. Regi. Oxon. D.D. Johanes Lee Natus in Capohowasick Wickacomoco in Virginia Americae, Filius Primogenitus Richardi Lee Chiliarchae Orundi de Morton [orig. Coton?] Regis in Agro Salopiensi 1658.” This branch of the Lee family came from Coton in Shropshire; the error was probably made in re-engraving.

15 A survey of education among the gentry of Warwickshire by Ann Hughes finds that roughly 18% had some university training, mostly at Oxford. Another 13% had attended the Inns of Court; two-thirds had no higher education. Ann Hughes, Politics, Society and Civil War in Warwickshire, 1620-1660 (Cambridge, 1987), 44.