3 A radical revision of this historical problem appears in Houston, Scottish Literacy and Scottish Identity, 110-61; see also Rosemary O’Day, Education and Society, 1500-1800 (London, 1982); D. J. Witherington, “Education and Society in the Eighteenth Century,” in N. T. Phillipson and R. Mitcheson, eds., Scotland in the Age of Improvement (Edinburgh, 1970); idem, “Schools in the Presbytery of Haddington in the Seventeenth Century,” ELAST 9 (1963), 90-111; T. C. Smout, A History of the Scottish People, 424; W. Boyd, Education in Ayrshire through Seven Centuries (London, 1961). For education in the north of England see Hughes, North Country Life in the Eighteenth Century: Cumberland and Westmorland, 293-333; and idem, North Country Life in the Eighteenth Century: The North East, 341-79.

4 Woodmason, Carolina Backcountry, 26.

5 Gov. Wm. Bull to Board of Trade, 30 Nov. 1770, Merrens, ed., Colonial South Carolina Scene, 265.

6“Given yesterday at Ambleside unto William Baxter to drink—having then hired him to be schoolmaster, for a year from the 3rd day of May next at 40s. and his diet, and to suffer others to come unto him—the sum Is.” Daniel Fleming, Book of Accounts, 19 Feb. 1663, ms. WD/R/Box 199, CUMROK.

7 Alan Watson finds in North Carolina wills the same concern for education that Bruce discovered in Virginia; see Alan D. Watson, “Society and Economy in Colonial Edgecombe County,” NCHR 50 (1973), 231-55.