Dog-trot cabin, see Building types

Dole, Robert, 885

Donegal, Ire., 644

Donegal, PA, 640

Donelson, John, 644

Donelson, Rachel, 642, 648, 669, 755

Donelson family, 644

Donne, John, 232

Donne family, 216

Door hoods, 478

Dorcester Co., MD, 240

Dorchester, Eng., 38, 245

Dorchester, MA, 34, 36, 144

Dorsetshire, Eng., 34, 219, 245, 259, 343, 351; migration: to New England, 35; to VA, 219, 236, 239; to Del. Valley, 438

Dort, Synod of, 23, 795

Dot, marriage, 284

Doubleday, Abner, 151

Douglas, Stephen, 856, 858

Dover, Eng., 30

Down, Ire., 622

Downing, Anne, 40

Downing, Dorcas, 40

Downing, Emmanuel, 40

Downing, Sir George, 40

Downing, James, 40

Downing, John, 40

Downing, Lucy, 18, 20, 33, 40

Downing, Lucy Winthrop, 55, 83

Downing, Mary, 40, 144

Downing, Susan, 40

Downing-Bradstreet House, Salem, MA, 66

Downing family, 39

Drake, Daniel, 689, 693, 698, 699

Drake, Richard, 396

Dreams, 385

Dred Scott case, 857

DRESS, ARTICLES OF

aprons, 144, 545, 547

bands, falling, 141, 207

bands, silk, 545

bonnets, 548, 734

boots, 207

boungrace, 734

breeches, 358

breeches, leather, 546

bruschttuch, 551

buttons, 550

caps, 358; coonskin, 734; knot, 141; lace, 144; Monmouth, 141

cloaks, 142, 207

coats, shadbelly, 547

cosmetics, 545, 551

cuffs, lace, 141, 355

cross clothes, 144, 358

doublets, 141, 145, 355

earrings, for males, 355

earstrings, 358

feathers, 545

frocks, 357

garters, Norwich, 141; snakeskin, 358

girdles, leather, 141

gloves, gossamer, 141; leather, 141

handkerchiefs, 144, 358, 606

hatbands, 142, 143, 358

hats, 358; beaver, 355, 356, 357, 547; steeple, 141, 142

heels, red, 355, 358; black, 358

hoods, 145, 548

hooks and eyes, 141

hose, 141, 145, 355, 357

kapps, 551

muffs, 358

pantaloons, 145

petticoats, 144, 732

points, 545

ribbons, 544

ruffs, neck, 141, 355

rayles, 143

scarfs, 357

shirts: hunting, 733; sackcloth, 605

shoepacks, 732

shoes, wooden ironshod, 605

slashes, 141, 355, 356

sleeves: short, 143; slashed, 141

smallclothes, 145

stockings: leather, 733, 734; silk, 357, 358; worsted, 141, 358; yarn, 605

suits, sack, 145

swords, 358, 359

trousers, 357, 547, 605, 734

ugly, 734

wedding dresses, 549

wigs, 143, 547

wings, 143

DRESS, COLORS

barry, 140

black, 140, 141

blue (apprentices), 357

blue (Quakers), 548

de Boys, 140

deer color, 140

folding color, 140

ginger lyne, 140

grave colors, and Quakers, 548

gray, slate, 145

gray hodden, and Quakers, 547

green: French, 140; Kendall, 140; Lincoln, 140

gridolin, 140

indigo, opposed by Quakers, 548

liver, 140

milly, 140

phillymort, 140, 145

puce, 140

purple, 140

red, and elites, 358

russet, 140

sad colors, and Puritans, 140, 145, 146

tawney, 140

tuly, 140

turkey red, 140

violet, 140

white, 355, 548

DRESS, FABRICS

calico, 545

camlet, 357, 358

canvas, 141, 357

cotton, 141

felt, 142

frieze, 141, 357

holland, 359

homespun, 551

kerseys, 141, 144, 357

lace, 141, 143, 144

linen, 141, 359; six hundredweight, 732

linsey, 734

penistone, 547

satin, 355

silk, 145, 355, 358, 359

tow, 141

velvet, 141

Dress ways: defined, 9; indicators, 11; Massachusetts Puritans, 139; Virginia Anglicans, 354; Del. Valley Quakers, 544; German Pietists, 551; Mennonites, 551; backcountry settlers, 605, 732; summary, 814

Dried beef, 543

Drinker, Elizabeth, 553

Drinking and drunkenness: Massachusetts Puritans, 115; Virginia Anglicans, 404, 822; Del. Valley Quakers, 539, 540; backcountry settlers, 673, 675, 729, 730

Dryden, Bridget, 51

Dubbins, James, 503, 504

Dubbins, Mary, 503, 504

Dublin, Ire., 442

Dudley, Ann, 40

Dudley, Anne, 40

Dudley, Catherine, 40

Dudley, Deborah, 40

Dudley, Dorothy, 40

Dudley, Joseph, 40

Dudley, Mercy, 40

Dudley, Patience, 40

Dudley, Paul, 40

Dudley, Rebecca, 40

Dudley, Robert, 501

Dudley, Samuel, 40, 51

Dudley, Sarah, 40

Dudley, Thomas, 14, 18, 27, 28, 40, 51, 55, 56

Dudley, William, 40, 78

Dudley family, 50

Dudman, 146

Duels, 318

Dugdale, William, 383

Dukakis, Michael, 885, 887

Duke, James, 220, 224

Duke family, 216

Duke of York, 453

Dumfries, Scot., 610, 622

Dummer, Richard, 128

Dummer, W., 40

Dumplings, 542

Duncan, 624

Dunkards, 431

Dunkirkers, 53

Duns, Eng., 656

Dupont, Pierre, 885

Durand, 271

Durand de Dauphiné, 207, 271, 282, 405

Durham, Eng., migration: to New England, 35; to VA, 236; to Del. Valley, 438, 439; to backcountry, 622

Durham, NC, 640

Durham Branch, NC, 640

Durham Country, NC, 640

Durham Creek, NC, 640

Durham Township, NC, 640

Dutch language, in new environments, 429

Dutch Reformed Church, see Religious denominations

Dutch West India Co., 784

Dutchess County, NY, 816

Duvall, Mareen, 381

Dwight, Timothy, 60, 149, 192

Dyer, Mary, 492, 500

Eadnoth the Staller, 208

Eagle’s Wing (ship), 606

Earle, Alice Morse, 118, 357

Earle, Carville, 252

Earthquakes, 185

East Anglia: migration: to New Eng., 31; to VA, 239; culture of, 42; forests in, 244

East Haven, CT, 65

East Jersey, 453, 815; see also New Jersey

East settlement, Connecticut River, 783

East Sutton, Eng., 221

Easter: Massachusetts Puritans, 163; Virginia Anglicans, 353, 370; backcountry settlers, 745

Easter Monday: Chesapeake colonies, 363; backcountry, 746

Eastern Association, 31, 46, 48, 793

Eastham, MA, 200

Easthampton, NY, 61

Easton, Mary Ann, 648

Easton, PA, 442

Eating customs: Massachusetts Puritans, 74; Virginia Anglicans, 352; Del. Valley Quakers, 483; backcountry settlers, 731; see also Food ways

Eaton, Peggy, 849

Edgefield District, SC, 770

Edgemont, PA, 444

Edinburgh, Scot., 722

Edred, 793

Education, see School ways

Edward the Confessor, 307

Edward I, 624, 625

Edward II, 625

Edward III, 625

Edwards, Jonathan, 190

Edwards family, 49

Effingwell, Abraham, 587

Egalitarian movements, 533

Egerton, Thomas, 386

Egmont, Earl of, 389, 821

Eisenhower, Dwight D., 838, 878, 881

Eldering, 515

Elders, 109, 694; see also Age ways Elites: Massachusetts Puritans, 32, 76; Virginia Anglicans, 212, 374; Delaware Quakers, 462; backcountry settlers, 694; summary, 787

Elizabeth I, 46, 804

Elizabeth City Co., VA, 240

Elizabeth City Parish, VA, 235

Ellis, Havelock, 49, 134

Ellis, Rowland, 444

Ellsworth family, 34

Embargo, 845

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 462

Emigration, cost of, 425, 614, 618

Emlen, George, 466

Emlen, George Jr., 466

Emlen, Hannah, 466

Emlen, Joshua, 466

Emlen, Mary, 466

Emlen, Samuel, 466

Emlen, Samuel Jr., 466

Emlen, Sarah, 466

Emlen family, 463, 464

Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 39

Endecott, Zerubabel, 40

Enroughty family, 259

Environment, and regional cultures: New England, 153; Chesapeak region, 247; backcountry, 633; compared, 806

Epidemics, see Mortality

Eppes, Elizabeth, 328

Eppes, Francis, 221

Eppes family, 216, 226

Escheats, 173

Epidemics, 421

Equal Rights Amendment, 894

Equality: Quaker ideas of, 429

Era of Good Feelings, 847

Espousal, 281

Essex Co., Eng., 31, 151; migration: to MA, 34; to VA, 219; to Del. Valley, 438

Essex Co., MA, 105, 121, 128, 170

Essex Co., NJ, 442

Essex Co., VA, 240

Estchurch, Mr., 394

Ethnic groups, U.S., 872

Evans, Joshua, 424, 480, 500, 541, 572

Evening, idea of in Virginia, 373

Ewhurst, Eng., 97

Ewing, Jane, 648

Exeter, Eng., 394

Fairfax, Mrs., 303

Fairfax, Sally, 317, 403

Fairfax, Thomas Lord, 377

Fairfax family, 216, 379

Faith, Puritan, 897

Fall line, 451

Familism, amoral, in backcountry, 667

Familists, 448

Family groups, in migrations: MA, 25; VA, 229; Del. Valley, 434; backcountry, 610; summary, 812

Family size; MA, 71; MD, 277; VA, 277; Del. Valley, 483; backcountry, 665; summary 786

Family ways: defined, 8; indicators, 11; Massachusetts Puritans, 68; Virginia Anglicans, 274; Del. Valley Quakers, 481; backcountry settler, 662

Fantleroy family, 259

Fareham, Eng., 245

Farmington, CT, 65

Faro, NC, 640

Fatalism, ideas of: Puritan, 111; Cavalier, 326; Quaker, 425, 517; border and backcountry, 697, 699

Fauntleroy family, 216, 259, 873

Fauntroy, Walter, 873

Fauquier family, 259

Fayette Co., VA, 635

Feake, Robert, 27

Fear, attitudes toward, 484

Federalists, 841

Fell, Margaret, 538

Feminism, 854

Fenwick, John, 453

Fenwick family, 463

Ferrer/Farrar family, 216

Ferris, Benjamin, 427, 488, 707

Fertility: MA, 71, 104; VA, 305; Del. Valley, 501; backcountry, 666

Feuds, 663, 756, 767; backcountry, 668

Field meetings, 705

Fielding, Henry, 703

Fiennes, Lady Arbella, 14

Fiennes, Bridget, 51

Fiennes, Charles, 14, 27, 56

Fiennes, Theophilus, 51

Fiennes, William, 51

Fiennes-Clinton, Arabella (var. Arbella), 51

Fiennes-Clinton, Frances, 51

Fiennes-Clinton, Sarah, 51

Fifth Monarchy Men, 448

Fighting, 736

Fillmore, Millard, 834, 836, 858

Filmer, Edward, 224, 309

Filmer, Henry, 224

Filmer, Mary Horsmanden, 288

Filmer, Robert, 220, 221, 222, 224, 253, 274, 280, 309, 321

Filmer, Samuel, 220, 224

Filmer family, 216, 219, 256, 309

Finch family, 216

Finns, 429

Fires, MA, 127

Firmin, Giles, 51

First Purchasers, PA, 423, 441, 566

Fischer, Susanna, 16

Fisher, George, 224

Fisher, John, 465

Fisher, Mary, 491

Fisher, William, 465

Fithian, Philip, 207, 224, 256, 276, 278, 303, 305, 312, 313, 338, 340, 353, 358, 370, 822

Fitzhugh, William, 272, 281, 331, 334, 347, 354, 374, 406, 410

Fitzhugh family, 216, 256, 275, 359, 378

Fleetwood family, 216

Fleming, Daniel, 701, 702

Fletchall, Thomas, 773

Flint, PA, 444

Flodden Field, 625

Flower, George, 831

Flurkuchenhaus, 481

Folk law, 658

Folklore, defined, 8

Folktales, 718

Folkways: defined, 8; indicators, 11; Massachusetts Puritans, 13-206; Virginia Anglicans, 207-418; Africans, 389; Del. Valley Quakers, 419-604; backcountry settlers, 605-782; New Netherland Dutch, 816-17; Carolina lowcountry whites, 817-18; Cape Fear Valley Highland Scots, 818-19; summary 797-816

Fones, Elizabeth, 40

Fones, Martha, 40

Fones, Thomas, 40

Fones family, 39

Fontaine, Peter, 389

Food ways: defined, 9; indicators, 11; Massachusetts Puritans, 134; Virginia Anglicans, 349; Del. Valley Quakers, 463, 464, 538; backcountry settlers, 727; summary, 814

FOODSTUFFS

ale, 354

apple butter, 543

apple cheese, 543

asparagus, 349

bacon, 351, 354, 727

beans, 729

beans: baked, 136, 138, 350; pea, 136

bear oil, 727

bear’s lettuce, 729

beef, 137, 349, 354, 541, 727; chipped, 543; dried, 543

beer, 137

billberries, 541

bread, 138, 352

broth, 541

buckwheat, 544

butter, 727

cabbage, 137

calves’ feet, 351

carrots, 137

cheese, 351

cherries, 541

chicken, 351

cider, 727

clabber, 727, 728

clams, 137

clapbread, 728

cod sounds, 351

coffee, 727, 730

corn, 137, 350, 729; porridge, 350

cranberry, 139, 541

cream cheese, 543

cress, 729

cushaws, 729

duck, wild, 137

dumplings, 542

eggs, 351, 542

fiddleheads, 137

fish, 350, 541

fricasee, 351

game, 351

glasswort, 137

goose, 349

gooseberries, 541

gourds, 729

gravy, 541

greens, 350

griddle cakes, 728

grits, 729

ham, 351

haverbread, 728

hearthbread, 728

herbs, 350, 351

hominy, 350

hot cakes, 354

hurtleberries, 541

lemon cheese, 543

lobsters, 137

milk, 727, 729, 731

mush, 727

mussels, 137

mutton, 137, 727, 729

oats, 729

oysters, 137, 349

pancakes, 728

parsnips, 137

partridge, 349

peaches, 541

pear cheese, 543

peas, field, 136

pease porridge, 136

pies, 136, 137; apple, 138; cranberry, 138; cherry, 138; custard, 138, green currant, 138; huckleberry, 138; Marlborough pudding, 138; peach, 138; pear, 138; pot, 731; pumpkin, 138; sea, 731

pigeons, 349, 542

plum cheese, 543

pop-robins, 542

pork, 729

porridge, 730

potatoes, 349, 728

pot-pies, 731

puddings, 354, 542

pumpkins, 135, 729

rabbit, 351

rye n’injun, 137

sallet, 729

salmon, 137

scrapple, 545

scones, 728

sea-pies, 731

shad roe, 137

shellfish, 349

snipe, roast, 350

soups, 730

squash, 729

strawberries, 349, 541

sugar, 541

swan, stewed, 350

tea, 541, 727, 730

teal, 349

tomatoes, 349

turkey, 138, 541

turnips, 137

veal, 351

venison, 351, 541

walnut cheese, 543

waterfowl, 349

whiskey, 729, 730

wine, 540

Football, see Sports and games, 148

Ford, Gerald, 834

Ford, Henry, 879

Ford family, 463, 464, 644

Forde, Helen, 434

Forest of Dean, 244

Forests: VA, 250; backcountry, 638

Fornication, attitudes toward; Massachusetts Puritans, 89; Chesapeake Anglicans, 299; Del. Valley Quakers, 498; backcountry settlers, 681, 682

Forrest family, 226

Fort Amsterdam, Manhattan Island, 784

Fort Nassau, Castle Island, 784

Fort Orange, Hudson River, 784

Fort Sumter, SC, 862

Fortescue, John, 823

Fortescue family, 216

Forth, Mary, 40

Fortune telling, 341; see also Magic ways

Fortune books, 310, 341

Foster, Sarah, 51

Four-over-four house, see Building types

Fowke/Fowkes family, 216, 275

Fox, Cyril, 789

Fox, George, 419, 444, 448, 453, 482, 484, 490, 491, 494, 495, 507, 521, 544, 546, 556, 576, 584, 796

Fox hunting, 363

Framingham, MA, 38, 196

Framlingham, Eng., 38, 196

Francis, Margaret, 466

Francis, Tench, 466

Franklin, Benjamin, 5, 159, 161, 188, 424, 432, 467, 552, 564, 828

Franklin Co., TN, 737

Fraser, George, 629

Free grace, 615

Freedom: religious, 429; natural, 733, 777, 897; hegemonic, 897; ordered, 897; reciprocal, 897; see also Liberty

Freedom ways: defined, 8; indicators, 11; Massachusetts Puritans, 199; Virginia Anglicans, 410; Del. Valley Quakers, 595; backcountry settlers, 777; summary, 815

Freeman, Samuel, 27

Frémont, John C, 858

French, 429

French, Jack, 230

French, Roy, 230

French Huguenots, in backcountry, 635

Friedel, Frank, 866

Friends’ migration: numbers and proportions, 420; religious origins, 424; ethnic origins, 429; social origins, 434; regional origins, 438; summary, 786

Fries Rebellion, 843

Frolicsome, NC, 640

Frontier thesis, 5, 642, 749, 871; James Logan on, 633

Fry family, 216

Frying Pan, 641

Fucking Creek, 654

Funeral customs: Massachusetts Puritans, 144; Virginia Anglicans, 328; Del. Valley Quakers, 520; backcountry settlers, 701; north British borderers, 701

Gabled house, see Building types

Gabriel (ship), 17

Gaelic, 620, 818

Gaffer, 322

Gage family, 214, 216

Gallatin, Albert, 844

Galloway, Jane, 466

Galloway, NC, 640

Galloway Creek, NC, 640

Galloway Crossroads, NC, 640

Galloway Mountain, NC, 640

Galloway Mountains, NC, 640

Galloway Risings, 627

Gallows Branch, 641

Gallup family, 34

Galsworthy family, 259

Gambling: MA, 343; VA, 327, 342

Gammer, 322

Ganderpulling, 363

Gardening, 554

Gardiner, Christopher, 18

Gardner, Ann Downing, 40

Gardner, Capt. Joseph, 40

Gardner, Thomas, 784

Garfield, James A., 836

Garret, Hannah, 466

Garrick, David, 823

Gauguin, Paul, 3

Gawsworth, Eng., 450

Gender ways: defined, 8; indicators, 11; Massachusetts Puritans, 83; Virginia Anglicans, 286; Del. Valley Quakers, 490; backcountry settlers, 675; summary, 813; regional attitudes in 20th century, 894

Genealogy, interest in, 69

Generations, historical, 803

Gentleman, idea of, 373, 416; rank, 379

Gentlemen’s party, 591

Gentry, Maryland, 225

George I, 804

George II, 804

George III, 223, 780

Georgia, 804

Gephardt, Richard, 885

Germ theory, 5

German Pietists, 502, 512, 787, 811

Germans, 429, 432, 634, 843; in backcountry, 610, 634, 635

Germantown, PA, 430, 431, 444

Germany, 431, 649; migration to Del. Valley, 438

Gibbon, Edward, 306

Gibbs family, 34

Gibson, Edmund, 569

Gibson, Hannah, 570

Gifford, George, 130

Gifted Brethren, 617

Gifts: Sussex, Eng. 393; Va, 393

Gilbert, Humphrey, 804

Gilby, Ellen, 51

Gilchrist family, 644

Gildrie, Richard, 183

Gilmer, George, 678

Glassie, Henry, 154

Glastonbury, Eng., 208

Glorious Revolution, 809

Gloucester, Eng., 38, 236

Gloucester, MA, 152

Gloucester Co., VA, 240

Gloucestershire, 208, 228, 259, 262, 353; migration: to New England, 35; to Va, 236; to Del. Valley, 438

Glover, Ralph, 27

Godspeed (ship), 226

Goffe, William, 108

Gold Standard Act of 1899, 865

Golden rule, 600

Goldie, George, 739

Goldsborogh family, 216

Goldsmith, Oliver, 718

Goldwater, Barry, 873, 882, 884

Gooch, Gov. William, 314

Gooch family, 259

Goodrich family, 216

Goodwin, Mr., 301

Goodwin, Thomas, 116

Gordon, Lord Adam, 174, 225

Gordon, Second Duke of, 225

Gordon, Thomas, 594

Gordon’s Meeting House, VA, 641

Gorges, Ferdinand, 784

Gorges, John, 51

Gorges, Robert, 784

Goslin, Thomas, 40

Gouge, William, 172

Gough, John, 730

Gouging, 737

Gould, Peter, 888

Governors Island, 784

Grabtown, 641

Grace, Puritan ideas of, 23

Grady, Katharine, 340

Graham, I.C.C., 609

Graham, William, 649

Graham family, 626, 630, 648, 649, 663, 664

Graham’s Meeting House, VA, 641

Grainger Co., TN, 751

Grandparents, 110

Grant, Ulysses, 833, 836

Gravestones, 677

Gray, Thomas, 784

Gray, William, 310

Great Basin, 887, 894

Great Depressiona, 875

Great Budworth, Eng., 450

Great Tew, Eng., 230

Great Yarmouth, Eng., 25, 30, 31

Greek Revival architecture, 68

Greeks in early America, 635

Green Spring, VA, 265, 408

Greenhill, Thomas, 84

“Grey Champions,” 108; see also Age ways

Griddle cakes, 728

Grief, 115, 329

Griffen (ship), 421

Grimes family, 275

Grindal, Rawon, 158

Griswold, Notwithstanding, 94

Griswold family, 34

Grits, 729

Grosse, Abigail, 466

Groton, Eng., 38

Grosvenor family, 216

Grove, William Hugh, 248, 265, 390

Growing Season, see Environment

Grymes family, 216

Guam, 866

Gudrun, 497

Guernsey, 785

Gullah, 817

Gulliver’s Travels, 641

Gummere, Amelia, 480, 550

Gwynedd, PA, 444

Hackburn, Catherine, 40

Hackleton, Hannah, 89

Hackett family, 216, 259, 644

Haddonfield, NJ, 602

Hadley, Eng., 38

Hadley, MA, 108, 171

Haig, Alexander, 885

Hailsham, Eng., 97

Hate, Eugene, 866

Hall family, 663

Hallgerd, 497

Hambright, Frederick, 649

Hamilton, Alexander, 840, 843

Hamilton, Andrew, 466

Hamilton, James, 466

Hamilton, Margaret, 466

Hamlin, Elizabeth, 229

Hammond family, 213, 216

Hamor family, 216

Hampden, John, 47

Hampshire, 128, 219, 239, 253, 259, 261, 284; migration: to New England, 35; to VA, 219, 236, 239; to Del. Valley, 439; population, 245

Hampshire Co., MA, 170

Hampton Parish, Eng., 240

Hanby, Catherine, 51

Hand-in-Hand Fire Co., 467

Hanging Rock, 641

Hangover Creek, 641

Hanks, Luke, 557

Hannah Town, PA, 442

Harbottle, 626

Hardbargain Branch, 641

Hardin, Sarah, 649

Hardin Co., KY, 771

Harding, Warren, 836, 837, 838, 866

Harding, William, 341

Hardy, Thomas, 240, 260

Harford Co., MD, 240

Harper’s Ferry, VA, 641, 857

Harris, J., 51

Harris family, 463

Harrisburg, PA, 444

Harrison, 801

Harrison, Benjamin, 833, 834, 836, 837

Harrison, Colonel, 327

Harrison, George, 782

Harrison, Hannah, 222

Harrison, Nathaniel, 222

Harrison, Sarah, 222, 293, 294

Harrison, Susannah, 466

Harrison, William, 383, 798

Harrison, William Henry, 837, 850, 851, 853

Harrison family, 213, 216, 218, 465

Harrower, John, 303

Hart, Gary, 885

Hart Co., KY, 752

Hart, John, 569

Hartford, CT, 38

Hartwell, Elizabeth, 96

Hartwell, Ephraim, 96

Hartwell family, 216

Harvard, 492

Harvard, John, 51

Harvard College, 109, 146, 147, 180, 725

Harvest-home, 370

Harvey, John, 210

Hat honor, 575

Hatfield Broad Oak, Eng., 34

Haverbread, 728

Haverford, PA, 444, 572, 591

Haverhill, Eng., 31, 38

Hawkins, Hannah, 51

Hawkins, Jane, 127

Hawkins Co., TN, 751

Hawkins family, 644

Hawkshead, Eng., 665

Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 108

Hayes, Alice, 496

Haynes, Josiah, 108

Hayes, Rutherford, 833, 834, 836, 866

Headboroughs, 190

Hearth bread, 728

Hearts of Oak, 631

Hearts of Steel, 631

Heath, Mary, 466

Hell’s Half Acre, 641

Helme, William, 51

Helms, Philipena, 648

Henderson, H. James, 829

Hendrickson, Yeshro, 527

Hengrave, Eng., 201

Henrico Co., VA, 239, 240

Henrico Parish, VA, 235

Henry, David, 646

Henry, John, 646, 648

Henry, Louis, 71

Henry, Patrick, 648, 650, 778, 779

Henry family, 646

Henry IV, 625

Henry VIII, 208, 446, 625

Heraldry, 215, 307, 359

Herding, 742

Herefordshire, migration to Del. Valley, 438

Heriots, 173

Hertfordshire, 71, 219, 239; migration: to New England, 35; to VA, 219, 239; to Del. Valley, 438

Heton, Ann, 309

Heydon, Eng., 175

Heydon, John, 528

Heyrman, Christine Leigh, 498

Heyward family, 259

Hicks, Mortifie, 97

Hicksite, 428

Hierarchy, 426

Higginson, Francis, 50

Higginson, Lucy, 220

Highland zone, Britain, 449

Hillsboro, NC, 640

Hillsboro district, NC, 635

Hillsborough, Carolina, 704

Hilton, Ed, 784

Hilton, William, 784

Hingham, Eng., 38, 168

Hingham, MA, 36, 89, 119, 168, 171, 184

Hillam, Eng., 462

Hirst, Sam, 158

Hoar, George, 866

Hobkirk’s Hill, SC, 641

Hock Tuesday, 370

Hockey, see Sports and games

Hodden gray, see Dress, colors

Hogg, Etta, 686

Hogg, Ima, 686

Hogg, Ura, 686

Holden, John, 342

Holidays, see Time ways

Holland, migration to Del. Valley, 438

Hollingsworth family, 465, 466

Holme, Thomas, 579

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 150

Holmes family, 463

Holy Fairs, 705

Homicide, 194

Honeywell, William, 394

Honeywell family, 216

Honor, ideas of, 384, 843; Puritan, 188; Cavalier, 396; Quaker, 582; backcountry, 668, 720; summary, 814

Honywood family, 213

Hooker, Joanna, 51

Hooker, John, 51

Hooker, Mary, 51

Hooker, Samuel, 51

Hooker, Sarah, 51

Hooker, Thomas, 18, 39, 51

Hoosiers, 757, 758

Hooten, Elizabeth, 491, 492

Hoover, Herbert, 838, 858, 866, 870, 875

Hopkins, Constance, 142

Hopkinson family, 463

Hopper, Isaac, 530

Horn, James, 238, 376

Home, Arthur, 395

Horse races, see Sports and games

Horses, VA, 359

Horsmanden, Daniel, 224

Horsmanden, Mary, 224

Horsmanden, Maurice, 224

Horsmanden, Warham, 224

Horsmanden family, 216

Hoskins, Jane, 425, 426, 437

Hostetler, 580

Household size, 482, 666; see also Family ways

Houston, John, 648

Houston, Sam, 648

Howard Co., MD, 240

Hubbard, Richard, 40

Hudson, Elizabeth, 531

Hudson, May, 466

Hugget, Nathaniel, 97

Huguenot, 381, 817

Hull, Eng., 38

Hull, John, 126

Humber River, 40

Hume, George, 324

Humphrey, Jane, 144

Humphrey, John, 51

Hunger’s Parish, VA, 235

Hunting shirt, 733

Huntingdonshire, 219; migration: to New England, 31; to VA, 219; to Del. Valley, 438

Hutchinson, Anne, 51, 819

Hutchinson, Edward, 51

Hutchinson, Elisha, 51

Hutchinson, Esther, 51

Hutchinson, John, 51

Hutchinson, Mary, 51

Hutchinson, Richard, 51

Hutchinson, Samuel, 51

Hutchinson, Sarah, 51

Hutchinson, Susan, 51

Hutchinson, Thomas, 51, 193

Hutchinson, William, 51

Hutchinson family, 40

Hutton, Gen., 648, 660

Hyde family, 216

Idleness, 404

Idolatry, 194

Illegitimacy: Massachusetts Puritans, 90; England, 91, 682; Virginia Anglicans, 298; north Britain, 681

Illness, 425

Immigration restriction, 872

Imperialism, regional attitudes toward, 866

Improvement, NC, 641

Incest, 195

Independence, 366, 373, 416

Indians, 108, 306, 369, 387, 474, 639, 807, 822; New England, 198, 306, 805; VA and MD, 306, 806; backcountry, 306; Del. Valley, 306, 806; summary, 806, 807, 822

Infant depravity, 98

Infanticide, 194

Infield-outfield farming, 741

Inheritance: indicators, 11; Massachusetts Puritans, 70, 171; partible inheritance, 171; borough English, 172; gavelkind, 380; primogeniture, 380; Virginia Anglicans, 380; Gloucestershire, 382, Del. Valley Quakers, 568; summary, 814

Insanity, 855

Insurance, 558, 612

Intolerable Acts, 780

Ipswich, Eng., 38, 196

Ipswich, MA, 36, 88, 148

Ireland, 16, 430; migration: to VA, 227, 239; to Del. Valley, 429, 430, 438, 439; to backcountry, 605-51

Ireland, James, 385

Isham, Anne, 221, 224

Isham, Eusby, 224

Isham, Euseby, Kt, 224

Isham, Giles, 224

Isham, Gregory, 224

Isham, Henry, 221, 224

Isham, John, 224

Isham, Justinian, 224

Isham, Mary, 221, 224

Isham, Thomas, 224

Isham, William, 224

Isham family, 213, 216

Isle of Crabs, 614

Isle of Shoals, 784

Isle of Wight, Eng., 274, 322

Isle of Wight Co., VA, 236, 240

Italy, migration to VA, 219

Jackson, Andrew, 643, 644, 669, 685, 687, 688, 695, 718, 738, 746, 755, 759, 760, 769, 775, 781, 832, 833, 846, 847; historiography, 847

Jackson, Hugh, 642, 685

Jackson, Jesse, 885

Jackson, Robert, 685

Jackson River, VA, 641

Jacksonian movement, 846

Jacobites, 616, 623

Jamaica, 227

James, Henry, 794

James City Co., VA, 240

James City Parish, Mulberry Island, VA, 235

James family, 259

James I (Eng.), 348, 355, 804

James II (Eng.), 453, 459, 803, 804, 809

James I (Scot.), 625

James II (Scot.), 625

James III (Scot.), 625

James IV (Scot.), 625

James River, 247, 784

Jamestown, VA, 55, 111, 226, 265, 804

Janney, Barbara, 437

Janney family, 463

Jarrett, Devereux, 385

Jay’s Treaty, 842

Jefferson, Peter, 224

Jefferson, Thomas, 224, 303, 362, 368, 781, 837, 844, 846

Jefferson family, 216

Jefferson Co., TN, 751

Jennings, Edmund, 222

Jennings family, 216

Jenkins family, 465

Jersey, Eng., 152, 785

Jetties, 66

John, King, 242, 624, 793

Johnson, Andrew, 833, 834, 859

Johnson, Billy, 709

Johnson, Edward, 135, 152, 155

Johnson, George, Hanged by Mistake, 767

Johnson, Isaac, 14, 27, 51, 55, 56

Johnson, Lyndon, 735, 834, 884

Johnson, Nicholas, 678

Johnson, Samuel, 410, 492, 605, 608

Johnson-Johnson clan, 663

Johnston, Mary, 466

Johnston’s Fork, TN, 641

Jones, Edward, 27

Jones, Hugh, 219, 248, 250, 275, 329, 380

Jones, John, 468

Jones, Richard, 305

Jones, Rufus, 432, 508

Jones, Thomas, 311

Jones family, 216

Jordan, George, 332

Josselin, Mary, 79

Josselin, Ralph, 78, 99, 101

Josselyn, John, 125

Judaism, 874

Judiciary Act (1801), 841, 844

Julett, Elizabeth, 121

Juries, 599, 737

Just price, 157

Jutes, 53

Kalm, Peter, 476, 523

Kaplanoff, Mark, 675

Kay, William, 378, 541

Keayne, Benjamin, 40

Keayne, Robert, 156, 161

Kefauver, Estes, 881

Keith, George, 469

Keithian controversy, 466, 820

Kelly, Grace, 874

Kelsall, John, 510, 556, 581

Kemp, Jack, 885

Kemp family, 214, 216

Kendal, Eng., 622

Kennedy, John F., 529, 872, 885

Kennet, PA, 444

Kennett, Susanna, 305, 306

Kent (county), Eng., 31, 151, 219; migration: to New England, 34; to VA, 219; to Del. Valley, 438

Kent Co., DE, 240, 442

Kent Co., MD, 240

Kent, I., MD, 784

Kent (ship), 419, 421

Kentucky canebreaks, 760

Kercheval, Samuel, 675, 681, 710, 718, 727, 731, 733

Kerless Knob, 641

Kett’s Rebellion, 53

Ketton-Cremer, R.W., 49

Keynes, John Maynard, 9

Kicking (sport), 737

Kidnapping, 231

Killquick, 641

King, Gregory, 800

King and Queen Co., VA, 239, 240

King William Co., VA, 239, 240

King’s Mountain, battle of, 649

King’s Co., NY, 816

Kingsmill family, 216

Kingston Parish, Eng., 240

Kirkbride family, 463, 465

Kirkcudbright, Scot, 605, 610

Kittery, ME, 785

Kneeing, 574

Knight, Madame Sarah, 180

Knox, Jane, 648

Knox, John, 797

Knoxville, TN, 641

Krefeld, 430

Kreuzhaus, 481

Kreigsheim, 430

Ku Klux Klan, 771

Kulikoff, Alan, 897

Kytson, Katherine, 224

Kytson, Margaret, 224

Kytson, Thomas, 224

Labrador, 52

Lacey, Edward, 649

Lady Day, 370, 395

Lagging, 231

Lake District, Eng., 622

Lambert, John, 59

Lancashire, 239, 476, 446, 450, 463, 575, 610, 621; migration: to New England, 35; to VA, 219, 239; to Del. Valley, 438, 439; to backcountry, 610, 621

Lancaster, Eng. 38

Lancaster, MA, 36

Lancaster, PA, 442

Lancaster Co., PA, 464, 532

Lancaster Co., VA, 240, 337, 339

Land grants, size of: MA, 130; VA, 377; PA, 567; backcountry, 748

Land tax, England. 449

Landon family, 213, 216

Landsman, Ned, 665

Langhorne, Jeremiah, 464

Langhorne family, 259, 465

Langley, Ralph, 399

Langstaff, Daniel, 498

Language, see Speech ways

Lapage, Emanuel, 499

Larcom, Lucy, 136

Largesse, 370

Lark River, Eng. 201

Larne, Ire. 608

Latrobe, Benjamin, 266

Laud, William, 16, 47, 803, 804, 808

Lawne’s Creek Parish, VA, 235

Lawrence, Elizabeth, 466

Lawrence, Thomas, 466

Laws: VA, 212; backcountry, 781; see also Order ways

Lawson, John, 51

Lawson, Robert, 344

Laxdaela saga, 497

Lay, Benjamin, 541

Lay-by, 370

Learning ways; defined, 9; indicatiors, 11; Massachusetts Puritans, 130; Virginia Anglicans, 344; Del. Valley Quakers, 530; backcountry settlers, 721; summary, 814

Leatherstockings, 733

Lee, Alice, 466

Lee, Anna Constable, 217

Lee, Francis Lightfoot, 270

Lee, John, 278, 348

Lee, Richard, 215, 217, 348

Lee, Richard Henry, 270

Lee, Robert E., 270, 416, 861

Lee, Thomas, 270, 413

Lee family, 216, 241, 275

Leeds, Eng., 445, 561

Leeds, PA, 444

Leeds Castle, Eng., 221

Leeward Islands, 320, 614; population, 227

Leicester, MA, 171

Leicestershire, 61, 219, 239, 448; migration: to New England, 35; to VA, 219, 239; to Del. Valley, 438

Leigh family, 216

Leigh, Joseph, 88

Lely, Peter, 211

Lemon, James T., 579

Lemon Cheese, 543

Lenni Lenape, 452

Lent, 364, 370, 371

Levellers Revolt (Galloway), 631

Leverett, Mary, 40

Leverett, Thomas, 40

Levett, Christopher, 784

Levit, Ralph, 51

Levy, Barry, 480, 481

Lewis, John, 163, 222

Lewis, Sinclair, 875

Lewis family, 216

Lewyn, Anne, 224

Lewyn, Judith, 224

Lewyn, Willing, 224

Lex talionis, 629, 765

Liberty, 204; Christian, 202; of conscience, 202, 597; civil, 204; federal, 204; collective, 205; individual, 205; plural, 205; soul, 205; hegemonic, 412; to enslave, 413; reciprocal, 597; natural 726; see also Freedom ways

Liberty, GA, 640

Liberty, W VA, 640

Liberty Bell, 595, 596

Libraries: VA, 348; Del. Valley, 532, 533; backcountry, 717; north Britain, 717

Licenses, 173

Licking Creek, TN, 641

Liddell, Henry, 771

Life expectancy, 103; see also Mortality

Lightfoot family, 216

Lincoln, Eng., 40

Lincoln, Abraham, 836, 838, 839, 857, 858, 859, 866

Lincoln, Countess of, 28

Lincoln, Earl of, 14, 40, 51

Lincoln County, KY, 752

Lincoln County, VA, 635

Lincoln fens, Eng. 40

Lincolnshire, 31, 219, 239; migration: to New England, 35; to VA, 239; to Del. Valley, 438

Lindley family, 464

Lingard, John, 599

Linton, Agnes, 51

Linton, Eng., 53

Lion’s Whelp (ship), 50

Lippincott, Abigail, 506

Lippincott, Richard, 506

Litchfield, Earl of, 254

Literacy, 30; indicators, 11; Massachusetts Puritans, 130; East Anglia, 131; Virginia Anglicans, 345; Del. Valley Quakers, 532; backcountry settlers, 715; north of England, 717; Scotland, 717; summarized, 813

Litigation, 396

Little, William B., 690

Little Budworth, Eng., 450

Little Egypt, IL, 771

Little Ice Age, 52

Littleale, John, 73

Littleton family, 216

Liverpool, PA, 444, 605

Livesay, Martha, 309

Lloyd, David, 463, 466

Lloyd, Mary, 466

Lloyd, Rachel, 466

Lloyd, Thomas, 463, 465, 466

Lloyd’s Bank, 558

Lochaber, SC, 640

Locke, John, 220, 594, 827

Lodge, Henry Cabot, 134

Loe, Thomas, 458

Logan, George, 466

Logan, Hannah, 466

Logan, James, 466, 532, 590, 591, 424, 463, 464, 465, 466, 633

Logan, Sarah, 466

Logan, Sarah Read, 464

Logan, William, 466

Logan family, 464

Logan Co., KY, 752

Logan’s Fort, KY, 641

Loganian Library, 533

Lollardry, 46

London, Eng., 30, 208, 219, 245, 263; migration: to New England, 34; to VA, 219, 237, 239; to Del. Valley, 438

Londonburgh, Carolina, 704

Londonderry, Ire. 605; see also Derry

Londonderry, NH, 640

Long, Agnes, 648

Long Island, NY, 38, 61

Long Lane Creek, 646

Lords of Trade, 809

Lotherdale, Eng., 450

Lough, Ire., 608

Louisiana Purchase, 845

Lousy Creek, 641

Love, ideas of: Puritan, 23; Cavalier, 283; Quaker, 483; backcountry, 675

Love feast, 707

Lovelace, Lord, 402

Lovelace family, 216

Lowell, James Russell, 59, 257

Ludlow family, 216

Ludwell, Philip, 220, 224

Ludwell, Philip II, 222

Ludwell family, 216, 225

Lulbegrud, KY, 641

Lunenberg Co., VA, 689

Luther, Martin, 23, 46, 555

Lutherans, 431

Lunsford family, 216

Lybrand, Elizabeth, 466

Lyford, John, 784

Lying, attitudes toward, 404, 720

Lyman, Hannah, 145

Lynch, William, 767

Lynch’s Creek, SC, 641

Lynn, Eng., 38

Macbeth, 624

Macclesfield, Eng., 450

Mackinnon, Mrs. 608

MacMichael, James, 612

Macon, Nathaniel, 760

Madison, James, 830, 877, 844, 846

Madison, Co., KY, 752

Madison family, 213, 216

Magdalen College, 39

Magic ways: defined, 9, indicators, 11; New England Puritans, 125; Virginia Anglicans, 310, 340; Del. Valley Quakers, 526; backcountry settlers, 687, 708; summary, 814

Magna Carta 410, 597

Maidstone, Eng., 30

Mail, robbery of, 191

Malden, MA, 827

Maine, early settlement of, 34, 195

Makepeace, Thomas, 56

Malaria, 251

Malden, Eng., 38

Malden, MA, 38

Manchester, Eng., 38, 445

Manchester, MA, 171

Manners, ideas of; Cavalier, 314; Quaker, 429

Marable family, 216

Marblehead, MA, 785

Marbury, Ann, 51

Marbury, Catherine, 51

Marbury, Francis, 51

Marbury, William, 51

Marbury, William of Grisby, 51

Marbury family, 40

Marckwardt, Albert, 832

Maria (slave), 194

Marian martyrs, 46, 48, 793

Markets, 367

Marks, John, 678

Marlborough, Duke of, 320

Marlowe, Gregory, 419

Marooning, 614

MARRIAGE:

abduction, 669; age at: MA, 75; MD, 286; VA, 285; Del. Valley, 487; backcountry, 674, 675; summary, 813

bidden, 672

broomstick, VA, 282

ceremonies: MA, 77; VA, 282; Del. Valley, 488; backcountry, 669

child, VA, 281

clandestine, VA, 281

contracts, 85

cousin, 486

dot, 284

favors, VA, 282

feast, VA, 281, 282, backcountry, 671

portions, 284, 381, 673

proportion ever marrying: MA, 76; VA 281; Del Valley, 488

season of: MA, 164, VA, 370; Del. Valley, 565; backcountry, 744; summary, 813

Marriage ways: defined, 8; indicators, 11; Massachusetts Puritans, 75; Virginia Anglicans, 281; Del. Valley Quakers, 485; north Britain, 665, 669; backcountry settlers, 669, 672; summary, 813

Marsden, PA, 499

Marshall, George Catlett, 879

Marshall, John, 596

Marshall, S.L.A., 880

Marshall family, 216

Martha (ship), 421

Martin, John, 365

Marxism, 9

Mary (ship), 421

Mary Anne (ship), 27

Maryland, 53, 246, 804; population, 226

Mason, George, 346

Mason family, 213, 216

Mason-Dixon Line, 822

Massachusetts: settlement of, 13-57; culture of, 57-205

Massachusetts game, see Sports and games

Masterless men, 73

Masters, John, 27

Mastin, Bartholemew, 485

Masturbation, 91

Mather, Ann Lake Cotton, 50

Mather, Cotton, 5, 45, 50, 56, 81, 113, 126, 130, 188, 343

Mather, Hannah, 47

Mather, Increase, 43, 50, 121, 146, 147, 159

Mather, Richard, 18, 19, 44, 50

Mather, Sarah Storre Cotton, 41, 464

Mather family, 40

Mathews family, 216

Matinicus, ME, 784

Matlock family, 463

Mattson, Margaret, 527

Maverick, Samuel, 152, 784

Maverick family, 785

Maverick’s Island, MA, 784, 785

Mavericks, 785

Maxwell family, 663

May Day, 561

Mayflower Cottage, Colne Engaine, Eng., 66

Mayhew, Thomas, 27

Maynard, Lucy, 832

Mayo family, 216

McAden’s Church, VA, 641

McAfee’s, KY, 641

McCall, Anne, 466

McChristen family, 685

McCosh, James, 739

McDonald, Ellen Shapiro, 609, 635

McDonald, Forrest, 609, 635

McDowell, Joseph, 649

McGill University, 739

McGovern, George, 884

McKinley, William, 818, 833, 837, 865

McMahon, Sarah, 135, 137

McMinnville, TN, 641

McNary-Haugen bill, 870

McWhiney, Grady, 860

Mecklenberg Co., NC, 639, 777, 815

Medfield, MA, 171

Medford, Eng., 38

Meeting houses: MA, 117

Mehmed IV, 491

Memory, importance in backcountry culture, 720

Mennonites, 431

Mental maps, 888

Mercer, Eric, 271

Mercer, Co., KY, 752

Mercia, 241, 242

Meredith family, 463

Merion, PA, 444, 572, 591

Merioneth, Wales, 436, 444; migration to Del. Valley, 438

Meriwether, Thomas, 679, 720

Meriwether, Mrs. Thomas, 679

Merton College, Oxford, 209, 218, 334

Mexican War, 851, 866

Mexico, 57

Meyer, Duane, 818

Meynell family, 362

Michaelmas, 370

Middlesex, Eng., 219; migration: to New England, 35; to VA, 219, 237; to Del. Valley, 438

Middlesex Co., MA, 105, 193

Middlesex Co., VA, 240, 308

Middlewich, Eng., 450

Midsummer’s Day, 370

Mifflin, Anne, 541

Mifflin, Thomas, 503

Mifflin family, 466

Mifflintown, PA, 444

Migration, internal: indicators, 11; MA, 184, 200; VA, 391; Northamptonshire, 392; Nottinghamshire, 580; PA, 580; backcountry, 759; north Britain, 759; summary, 814; see also Persistence

MIGRATION, TRANSATLANTIC

age structure: MA, 26; VA, 231; backcountry, 610; PA, 787; summary, 787

ethnic origin: Del. Valley, 429; backcountry, 618

family structure: MA 25; Del. Valley, 434; backcountry, 610; summary, 787

occupational structure: MA, 25; VA, 226; Del. Valley, 435; backcountry, 613; summary, 787

regional origins: MA, 31; VA, 236; Del. Valley, 438; backcountry, 621; summary, 787

religious origins: MA, 18; VA, 232; Del. Valley, 425; backcountry, 615; summary, 787

sex ratio: MA, 26; VA, 229; Del. Valley, 434; backcountry, 610; summary, 787

size: MA, 16-17; VA, 226; Del. Valley, 420; backcountry, 608, 609; summary, 787

social origins: MA, 25; VA, 226; Del. Valley, 434; backcountry, 613; summary, 787

timing: MA, 16; VA, 228; Del. Valley, 420, backcountry, 606; summary, 787, 804

MIGRATION, TRANSATLANTIC, TO:

New England, 13

VA, 219

Del. Valley, 419

backcountry, 605

MIGRATION, TRANSATIANTIC, FROM:

Armagh, 622

Antrim, 622

Ayrshire, 622

Bedfordshire, 35, 219, 438

Berkshire, 35, 219, 438

Berwick, 622

Buckinghamshire, 35, 219, 438

Cambridgeshire, 35, 219, 438

Channel Islands, 35, 219, 438

Cheshire, 35, 219, 438

Cornwall, 35, 219, 438

Cumberland, 35, 219, 438, 622

Derbyshire, 35, 219, 438

Derry, 622

Devon, 35, 219, 438

Dorsetshire, 35, 219, 438

Down, 622

Dumfries, 622

Durham, 622

Essex, Eng., 35, 219, 438

Gloucestershire, 35, 219, 438

Hertfordshire, 35, 219, 438

Huntingdonshire, 35, 219, 438

Kent, 35, 219, 438

Lancashire, 35, 219, 438, 622

Leicestershire, 35, 219, 438

London, 35, 219, 438

Middlesex, Eng., 35, 219, 438

Norfolk, Eng., 35, 219, 438

Northamptonshire, 35, 219, 438

Northumberland, 622

Roxburgh, 622

Rutland, 35, 219, 438

Shropshire, 35, 219, 438

Somerset, 35, 219, 438

Staffordshire, 35, 219, 438

Suffolk, Eng., 35, 219, 438

Surrey, 35, 219, 438

Sussex, 35, 219, 438

Tyrone, 622

Warwickshire, 35, 219, 438