7 Schaper, Sectionalism in South Carolina, 59; Forrest McDonald and Grady McWhiney, “The Antebellum Southern Herdsman: A Reinterpretation,” JSH 41 (1975), 147-66; idem, “The South from Self-Sufficiency to Peonage: An Interpretation,” AHR 85 (1980), 1095-118; idem, “The Celtic South,” History Today 30 (1980), 11-15; Grady McWhiney, “Antebellum Piney Woods Culture: Continunity Over Place and Time,” in Noel Polk, ed., Mississippi’s Piney Woods: A Human Perspective (Jackson, Miss., 1986), 40-59.

8 Grady McWhiney and Forrest McDonald, “Celtic Origins of Southern Herding Practices,” JSH 51 (1985), 165-82, traces the continuities from Britain and Ireland to the American back-country; Terry G. Jordan, Trails to Texas: Southern Roots of Western Cattle Ranching (Lincoln, Neb., 1981). Here again the McWhiney-McDonald thesis grows stronger if it is recast from racial to regional terms.

9 Witherspoon, “Recollections,” 126.