3 Quoted in Frost, Quaker Family, 36-37.

4Ibid.

5 Photographs of 73 surviving Quaker meetinghouses, all built before 1789, appear in Harold Wickliffe Rose, The Colonial Homes of Worship in America (New York, 1963).

6 A 19th-century treatise on the design of meetinghouses gave much attention to “atmospheric light.” See William Alexander, Observations on the Construction and Fitting Up of Meeting Houses … (York, 1820).