16 For the armigerous status of the Byrd family see Lorraine E. Holland, “Rise and Fall of the Ante-bellum Virginia Aristocracy: A Generational Analysis” (thesis, Univ. of Calif. at Irvine, 1980), 33; Alden Hatch, The Byrds of Virginia (New York, 1969), 3-5.

17 William Cabell Bruce, John Randolph of Roanoke, 1773-1833 (2 vols., New York, 1922), I, 22.

18 Another candidate for this title was Lucy Higginson, who had three husbands including Lewis Burwell and Philip Ludwell. So numerous were her descendants that Leonard Labaree writes, “ … one sixth of all Virginia councilors after 1680 could refer to the good lady as ‘Grandmother Lucy.’” Leonard W. Labaree, Conservatism in Early American History (New York, 1948), 7-8.

19 Charles H. Townshend, “The Bacons of Virginia and Their English Ancestry,” NEHGR 37 (1883), 191.