6 Beverley, The History and Present State of Virginia, 296.
7Ibid., 295.
8 Thoraas Smith, De Republica Anglorum, ed. Mary Dewar (Cambridge, 1982), 63.
9 The earliest American directories in the 18th century used the words “independent” and “gentleman” as synonyms.
10 Berkeley, Discourse and View of Virginia, 6-7.
11 Morgan, American Slavery, American Freedom, 147.