4 In Westmorland most customary manors had fixed rents. See Searle, “The Odd Corner of England,” 43.

5Ibid., 45.

6 Landsman, Scotland and Its First American Colony, 21.

7 Paul Brassley, “Northumberland and Durham,” in Thirsk, ed., Agrarian History of England and Wales, I, 49.

8“Disbursed for conveying vagrants through the county … three man and three horses and a cart two days and their meat and wages, and myself four days.” Benjamin Brown Accounts, 2 Dec. 1731, Brown mss. WD/TE/wI CUMROK.