10 Hannah Pemberton to Thomas Parke, 29 Aug. 1780; quoted in DiStefano, “Concept of the Family in Colonial America,” 95.

11 Penn, Works I, 901; Frost, Quaker Family, 77.

12 Joseph Oxley, “Joseph’s Offering to His Children” (1770), 357, HSP.

13 William Dillwyn to Susannah Dillwyn, 21 Dec. 1774, Dillwyn Papers, HSP.

14 David Cooper, “Some Memoirs … Intended for the Use of His Children,” 1725-95, HAV.