10 The following empirical indicators are employed here:

Folkway

Qualitative Indicators

Quantitative Indicators

Speech

pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar

speech frequencies

Building

styles, plans, methods, materials

modal building types

Family

family ideas, language and law

completed size, household composition

Marriage

courtship and marriage customs

age at marriage, proportion married

Gender

ideas and language

 

Sex

ideas and language

prenuptial pregnancy; bastardy; fertility

Naming

qualities of namesakes

forename frequencies, descent ratios, etc.

Child-rearing

ideas of child nature and nurture

sending-out frequencies

Age

ideas of age relations

age-heaping patterns

Death

ideas of fatalism

 

Religion

worship rituals; church architecture

church membership

Magic

magic customs

frequency of witchcraft proceedings

Learning

institutions and rituals

total education rate

Literacy

attitudes toward literacy and orality

signature-mark frequencies

Food

foods, cooking and eating methods

foodstuff frequencies

Dress

sumptuary laws, dress norms

 

Sport

common games, ideology of sport

 

Work

work ethics

work force composition

Time

ideas of time; calendars; holidays

seasonality indicators

Wealth

ideas of wealth

grants, Gini ratios, SSTT, zero-holdings

Inheritance

intestacy rules

sibling shares

Rank

criteria, language, rituals of rank

rank distribution

Association

ideals of settlement

settlement patterns, persistence

Order

ideas of order and ordering institutions

crime rates; indictments; penalties

Power

institutions of local government

voting, officeholding, taxing and spending

Freedom

libertarian ideas and customs