6 Harnesses                              300   "
 1 Ass from Phoenicia                      30   "
 6 Harnesses, 1 Ass from Phoenicia         50   "
                                                 Weights of
  1 Mule                                           15 silver
  1 Cow (pregnant)                                 30  "
 30 Measures of corn, 60 Measures of 12 epha[7]   137  "
  1 Hemicorion, 10 Shovels of 4 epha               16  "
  2 Dogs, good                                     12  "
  9 Greyhounds from the East                       18  "
  1 Hunting dog                                     1  "
  1 Shepherd dog                                    1  "
  1 Dog (bloodhound[8])                             6  "
      Total                             616[9] (weights of) silver.
 

Such is what Nis-Bel, son of Hankas, has paid in the hands of Marduk-nasir, Captain of the King, as equivalent of the price of a field of 25 hins of (grain).

At any epoch whatever, in the days to come (or process of time) either an _aklu,[10]_ or a no-servant, or a farmer, or a husbandman, or a workman, or any other guardian who presents himself, and who settles in the house of Hankas, and will endeavor to lay waste this field, will earn its first-fruits, will turn it over, will plough it (mix up the earth), will have it put under water, who will occupy this property by fraud or violence and will settle in its territories, either in the name of the god, or in the name of the King, or in the name of the representative of the Lord of the country, or in the name of the representative of the house, or in the name of any person whatever, whoever he may be, who will give it, will earn the harvest of the land, will say,[11] "These fields are not granted as gifts by the King"; whether he pronounce against them the holy malediction or he swears by these words, "The head is not the head"; and establish anyone therein, in saying, "There is no eye"; or who will carry away this tablet, or will throw it into the river, or will break it into pieces, or will bury it under a heap of stones, or will burn it by fire, or will bury it in the earth, or will hide it in a dark place, that man (shall be cursed):

May the god Anu, Bel, Hea, the great gods, afflict him and curse him with maledictions which are not (retracted).

May the god Sin, the splendid in the high heaven, envelop all his members with incurable leprosy until the day of his death; and expel him to the farthest limits like a wild beast.

May Samas, the Judge of heaven and earth, fly before him; that he change into darkness the light of the day.

May Istar, the Sovereign, the Queen of the gods, load him with infirmities and anguish of illness like arrows, may she increase (day and night his pains,) so that he runs about like a dog, in the ways of his town.

May Marduk, the King of heaven and earth, the Lord of the eternity without end, entangle his weapons with bonds which cannot be broken.

May Ninip, the god of crops and boundaries, sweep away its limits and tread upon his crops, and remove its limit.

May Gula, the mother (nurse), the great Lady, infect his bowels with a poison, and that he void pus and blood like water.

May Bin, the supreme Guardian of heaven and earth, inundate his field like a ...[12]

May Serah suffocate his first-born.

May Nabu, the holy minister of the gods, continually pour over his destinies laments and curses; and blast his wishes.

May all the great gods whose name is invoked on this table, devote him to vengeance and scorn, and may his name, his race, his fruits, his offspring, before the face of men perish wretchedly.

By this table, the author of the everlasting limits has forever perpetuated his name.

[Footnote 1: See at the end.]

[Footnote 2: These 25 hins represent 75 litres, 16 gallons and a half, for seeding a surface of 207 acres.]

[Footnote 3: The great U, or arura.]

[Footnote 4: Again in this deed no statement is given in account of the measurings. The space is determined merely by the indication of the boundaries.

This document is also the charter of a royal donation: it is not clear whether the below-mentioned objects are the price, or if, what is much more verisimilar, they are only the accessoria of the field.]

[Footnote 5: Measurer is expressed by "masi-han."]

[Footnote 6: Cf. I Kings x. 29: "A chariot ... of Egypt for 600 shekels of silver; and a horse for 150."]

[Footnote 7: It is a question here of the utensils used for measuring, viz., thirty of one kind, and sixty of another.]

[Footnote 8: The quality of the dogs is somewhat uncertain.]

[Footnote 9: There is evidently a fault in the total number, 616 instead of 716.

A weight of silver may be an obolus, the 360th part of a mina.]

[Footnote 10: The "akli," who were at the royal court, may have been legists.]

[Footnote 11: All these are formulæ solennes, as in the Roman law.]

[Footnote 12: Obscure.]

TRANSLATION OF AN UNEDITED FRAGMENT

Five-sixths of an _artaba_[1] of corn sows an _arura_, a field situated on the Euphrates.

....adjoining ... wide ... adjoining
... a field in great measure ... Zirbet-u-Alzu
... and for the days to come he has given ... this
table ... sin-idin ... son of Tuklat-habal-Marduk,
Governor of the town of Nisin. Bani-Marduk, son of
Tuklat ... Malik-kilim, son of Tuklat ... Chief
of ... An-sali ... son of Zab-zib-malik ...
Malik-habal-idin, of the town of Balaki ... Chief of
Sin-idin-habal ... May he cause him to perish ...
and his offering.[2]

[Footnote 1: The artaba was 3 epha, 18 hins; the mentioned quantity of 15 hins necessary to seed this very fertile field is only 79 pints.]

[Footnote 2: Dr. Oppert copied this text twenty years ago; he does not know whether since that time any other piece of the stone has been discovered.]

GREAT INSCRIPTION IN THE PALACE OF KHORSABAD

TRANSLATED BY DR. JULIUS OPPERT

The document of which I publish a translation has been copied with admirable precision by M. Botta in his "_Monuments de Ninive_" There are four specimens of this same text in the Assyrian palace, which bear the title of Inscriptions of the Halls, Nos. iv, vii, viii, and x.

There is another historical document in the palace of Khorsabad containing more minute particulars, and classed in a chronological order, which I translated in my "_Dur-Sar-kayan_," 1870, and in the "Records of the Past," Vol. VII.

The several copies of this document have been united in one sole text in a work which I published in common with M. Ménant in the "_Journal Asiatique_," 1863.

I published my translation of the "Great Inscriptions of Khorsabad," in the "_Annales de Philosophie Chrétienne_," July and August, 1862, tom. V (New Series), p. 62; then in my "_Inscriptions des Sargonides_," p. 20 (1862). The same text was inserted in the work which I edited in communion with my friend M. Joachim Ménant, entitled "_La Grande Inscription des Salles de Khorsabad_," "_Journal Asiatique_," 1863. Some passages have been since corrected by me in my "_Dur-Sarkayan_," Paris, 1870, in the great work of M. Victor Place, and these corrections have been totally admitted by M. Ménant in a translation which he has given in his book, "_Annales des Rois d'Assyrie_," Paris, 1874, p. 180. As the reader may easily convince himself in collating it with my previous attempts, this present translation is now amended according to the exigencies of the progressing science of Assyriology, as it is now understood.

GREAT INSCRIPTION OF THE PALACE OF KHORSABAD

1 Palace of Sargon, the great King, the powerful King,

King of the legions, King of Assyria, Viceroy of the gods at Babylon, King of the Sumers and of the Accads, favorite of the great gods.

2 The gods Assur, Nebo, and Merodach have conferred on

me the royalty of the nations, and they have propagated the memory of my fortunate name to the ends of the earth. I have followed the reformed precepts of Sippara, Nipur, Babylon, and Borsippa; I have amended the imperfections which the men of all laws had admitted.

3 I have reunited the dominions of Kalu, Ur, Orchoé, Erikhi,

Larsa,[1] Kullab, Kisik, the dwelling-place of the god Laguda; I have subdued their inhabitants. As to the laws
of Sumer[2] and of the town of Harran, which had fallen into desuetude from the most ancient times, I have restored to fresh vigor their forgotten customs.

4 The great gods have made me happy by the constancy of

their affection, they have granted me the exercise of my sovereignty over all kings; they have re-established obedience upon them all. From the day of my accession there
existed no princes who were my masters; I have not, in
combats or battles, seen my victor. I have crushed the
territories of the rebels like straws, and I have struck them with the plagues of the four elements. I have opened innumerable deep and very extensive forests, I have levelled
their inequalities. I have traversed winding and thick
valleys, which were impenetrable, like a needle, and I
passed in digging tanks dug on my way.

5 By the grace and power of the great gods, my Masters, I

have flung my arms; by my force I have defeated my enemies. I have ruled from Iatnan,[3] which is in the middle
of the sea of the setting sun, to the frontiers of Egypt and of the country of the Moschians, over vast Phoenicia, the whole of Syria, the whole of _guti muski_[4] of distant Media, near the country of Bikni, to the country of Ellip, from Ras which borders upon Elam, to the banks of the Tigris, to the tribes of Itu, Rubu, Haril, Kaldud, Hauran, Ubul,
Ruhua, of the Litaï who dwell on the borders of the Surappi and the Ukne, Gambul, Khindar, and Pukud.[5] I have
reigned over the _suti_ hunters who are in the territory of Iatbur, in whatever it was as far as the towns of Samhun, Bab-Dur, Dur-Tilit, Khilikh, Pillat, Dunni-Samas, Bubi, Tell-Khumba, which are in the dependency of Elam,[6] and Kar-duniyas[7] Upper and Lower, of the countries of Bit-Amukkan, Bit-Dakkur, Bit-Silan, Bit-Sa'alla, which together
form Chaldea in its totality, over the country of Bit-Iakin, which is on the sea-shore, as far as the frontier of
Dilmun. I have received their tributes, I have established my Lieutenants over them as Governors, and I have reduced them under my suzerainty.

6 This is what I did from the beginning of my reign to my

fifteenth year of reign:
I defeated Khumbanigas, King of Elam, in the plains of
Kalu.

7 I besieged and occupied the town of Samaria, and took

27,280 of its inhabitants captive. I took from them 50
chariots, but left them the rest of their belongings. I placed my Lieutenants over them; I renewed the obligation imposed upon them by one of the Kings who preceded
me.[8]

8 Hanun, King of Gaza, and Sebech, Sultan[9] of Egypt,

allied themselves at Rapih[10] to oppose me, and fight against me; they came before me, I put them to flight. Sebech
yielded before my cohorts, he fled, and no one has ever seen any trace of him since. I took with my own hand
Hanun, King of Gaza.

9 I imposed a tribute on Pharaoh, King of Egypt; Samsie,

Queen of Arabia; It-amar, the Sabean, of gold, sweet smelling herbs of the land, horses, and camels.

10 Kiakku of Sinukhta had despised the god Assur, and refused

submission to him. I took him prisoner, and seized
his 30 chariots and 7,350 of his soldiers. I gave Sinuhta, the town of his royalty, to Matti from the country of Tuna, I added some horses and asses to the former tribute and appointed Matti as Governor.

11 Amris of Tabal, had been placed upon the throne of Khulli

his father; I gave to him a daughter and I gave him Cilicia[10] which had never submitted to his ancestors. But he did
not keep the treaty and sent his ambassador to Urzaha,
King of Armenia, and to Mita, King of the Moschians,
who had seized my provinces. I transported Amris to
Assyria, with his belongings, the members of his ancestors' families, and the magnates of the country, as well as 100 chariots; I established some Assyrians, devoted to my government, in their places. I appointed my Lieutenant Governor
over them, and commanded tributes to be levied
upon them.

12 Jaubid of Hamath, a smith,[12] was not the legitimate master

of the throne, he was an infidel and an impious man, and he had coveted the royalty of Hamath. He incited the
towns of Arpad, Simyra, Damascus, and Samaria to rise
against me, took his precautions with each of them, and prepared for battle. I counted all the troops of the god Assur; in the town of Karkar which had declared itself
for the rebel, I besieged him and his warriors, I occupied Karkar and reduced it to ashes. I took him, himself, and had him flayed, and I killed the chief of the rioters in each town, and reduced them to a heap of ruins. I recruited
my forces with 200 chariots and 600 horsemen from among the inhabitants of the country of Hamath and added them to my empire.

13 Whilst Iranzu of Van[13] lived, he was subservient and devoted

to my rule, but fate removed him. His subjects
placed his son Aza on the throne. Urzaha the Armenian
intrigued with the people of Mount Mildis, Zikirta, Misiandi, with the nobles of Van, and enticed them to rebellion;
they threw the body of their Master Aza on the top of the mountains. Ullusun of Van, his brother, whom they had
placed on his father's throne, did homage to Urzaha, and gave him 22 fortresses with their garrisons. In the anger of my heart I counted all the armies of the god Assur, I watched like a lion in ambush and advanced to attack these countries. Ullusun of Van saw my expedition approaching, he set out with his troops and took up a strong position in the ravines of the high mountains. I occupied Izirti the town of his royalty, and the towns of Izibia and Armit, his formidable fortresses, I reduced them to ashes. I killed all that belonged to Urzaha the Armenian, in these high mountains. I took with my own hand 250 royal members
of his family. I occupied 55 royal towns of which 8 were ordinary towns and 11 impregnable fortresses. I reduced them to ashes. I incorporated the 22 strong towns, that Ullusun of Van had delivered to him with Assyria. I occupied 8 strong cities of the country of Tuaya and the districts of Tilusina of Andia; 4,200 men, with their belongings, were carried away into slavery.

14 Mitatti, of Zikirta, had secured himself against my arms;

he and the men of his country had fled into the forests; no trace of them was to be seen. I reduced Parda, the
town of his royalty to ashes; I occupied twenty-three great towns in the environs, and I spoiled them. The cities of Suandakhul and Zurzukka, of the country of Van, took
the part of Mitatti; I occupied and pillaged them. Then I took Bagadatti of the Mount Mildis, and I had him flayed. I banished Dayaukku and his suite to Hamath, and I made them dwell there.

15 Then Ullusun heard in his high mountains of my glorious

exploits: he departed in haste like a bird, and kissed my feet; I pardoned his innumerable misdeeds, and I blotted out his iniquities. I granted pardon to him; I replaced him upon the throne of his royalty. I gave him the two
fortresses and the 22 great towns that I had taken away from Urzaha and Mitatti. I endeavored to restore peace
to his country. I made the image of my Majesty: I wrote on it the glory of the god Assur, my Master, I erected many fac-similes of it in Izirti, the town of his royalty.

16 I imposed a tribute of horses, oxen, and lambs upon Ianzu,

King of the river country, in Hupuskia, the town of his power.

17 Assurlih, of Kar-Alla, Itti, of Allapur, had sinned against

Assur and despised his power. I had Assurlih flayed. I
banished the men of Kar-Alla, whoever they were, and Itti, with his suite, I placed them in Hamath.

18 I took the inhabitants of the towns of Sukkia, Bala,

Ahitikna, Pappa,[14] Lallukni away from their homes; I made them dwell at Damascus in Syria.

19 I occupied the 6 towns of the country of Niksamma, I took

with my own hand Nirisar, Governor of the town of Surgadia; I added these towns to the satrapy of Parsuas.[15]

20 Bel-sar-usur[16] was King of the town of Kisisim; I had him

transported to Assyria with all that he possessed, his treasure, the contents of his palace; I put my Lieutenant in as
Governor of the town, to which I gave the name of Kar-Marduk. I had an image made of my Majesty and erected
it in the middle of the town. I occupied 6 towns in the neighborhood and I added them to his government.

21 I attacked and conquered Kibaba, Prefect of the town of

Kharkhar, I took him and the inhabitants of his country captive, I rebuilt this city and made the inhabitants of the provinces, that my arm had conquered, live there. I placed my Lieutenant as Governor over them. I named the town
Kar-Sarkin; I established the worship of the god Assur, my Master, there. I erected an image of my Royal self.
I occupied 6 towns in the environs, and added them to his government.

22 I besieged and took the towns of Tel-Akhi-tub, Khindau,

Bagai, and Anzaria; I transported the inhabitants of them to Assyria. I rebuilt them; I gave them the names of
Kar-Nabu, Kar-Sin, Kar-Ben, Kar-Istar.

23 To maintain my position in Media, I have erected fortifications

in the neighborhood of Kar-Sarkin. I occupied
34 towns in Media and annexed them to Assyria and I
levied annual tributes of horses upon them.

24 I besieged and took the town of Eristana, and the surrounding

towns in the country of Bait-Ili; I carried away the
spoil.

25 The countries of Agag[17] and Ambanda,[18] in Media, opposite

the Arabs of the East, had refused their tributes, I destroyed them, laid them waste, and burnt them by fire.

26 Dalta of Ellip was subject to me, and devoted to the worship

of Assur; 5 of his towns revolted and no longer recognized his dominion. I came to his aid, I besieged and
occupied these towns, I carried the men and their goods away into Assyria with numberless horses.

27 Urzana, of the town of Musasir, had attached himself to

Urzaha the Armenian, and had refused me his allegiance. With the multitude of my army, I covered the city of Musasir as if it were with ravens, and he to save his life, fled alone into the mountains.

28 I entered as a Ruler into Musasir. I seized as spoil Urzana's

wife, sons and daughters, his money, his treasures, all the stores of his palace whatever they were, with 20,100 men and all that they possessed, the gods Haldia and Bagabarta, his gods, and their holy vessels in great numbers.

29 Urzaha, King of Armenia, heard of the defeat of Musasir

and the carrying away of the god Haldia[19] his god, he cut off his life by his own hands with a dagger of his girdle. I held a severe judgment over the whole of Armenia. I
spread over the men, who inhabit this country, mourning and lamentation.

30 Tarhunazi, of the town of Melid, sought for revenge. He

sinned against the laws of the great gods, and refused his submission. In the anger of my heart, I crushed like
briars Melid, which was the town of his kingdom, and the neighboring towns. I made him, his wife, sons and daughters, the slaves of his palace whoever they were, with 5,000
warriors, leave Tel-Garimmi; I treated them all as booty. I rebuilt Tel-Garimmi; I had it entirely occupied by some archers from the country of Khammanua, which my hand
had conquered, and I added it to the boundaries of this country. I put it in the hands of my Lieutenant, and I
restituted the surface of the dominion, as it had been in the time of Gunzinan, the preceding King.

31 Tarhular, of Gamgum, had a son Muttallu, who had murdered

his father by the arms, and sat on the throne against
my will, and to whom they had intrusted their country.
In the anger of my heart, I hastily marched against the town of Markasi, with my chariots and horsemen, who
followed on my steps, I treated Muttallu, his son and the families of the country of Bit-Pa'alla in its totality, as captives, and seized as booty the gold and silver and the numberless treasures of his palace. I reinstated the men of Gamgum and the neighboring tribes, and placed my Lieutenant as Governor over them; I treated them like the
Assyrians.

32 Azuri, King of Ashdod,[20] determined within himself to

render no more tributes; he sent hostile messages against Assyria to the neighboring kings. I meditated vengeance for this, and I withdrew from him the government over
his country. I put his brother Akhimit on his throne.
But the people of Syria, eager for revolt, got tired of Akhimit's rule, and installed Iaman, who like the former, was
not the legitimate master of the throne. In the anger of my heart, I did not assemble the bulk of my army nor
divide my baggage, but I marched against Ashdod with
my warriors, who did not leave the trace of my feet.

33 Iaman learnt from afar of the approach of my expedition;

he fled beyond Egypt toward Libya (Meluhhi),[21] and no one ever saw any further trace of him. I besieged and
took Ashdod and the town of Gimtu-Asdudim;[22] I carried away captive Iaman's gods, his wife, his sons, his daughters, his money, and the contents of his palace, together
with the inhabitants of his country. I built these towns anew and placed in them the men that my arm had conquered.

34 I placed my Lieutenant as Governor over them, and I

treated them as Assyrians. They never again became
guilty of impiety.

35 The King of Libya[23] lives in the middle of the desert, in an

inaccessible place, at (a month's) journey. From the most remote times until the renewal of the lunar period[24] his fathers had sent no ambassadors to the kings, my ancestors, to ask for peace and friendship and to acknowledge the
power of Merodach. But the immense terror inspired by
my Majesty roused him, and fear changed his intentions. In fetters of iron he threw him (Iaman), directed his steps toward Assyria and kissed my feet.

36 Muttallu, of Commagene, a fraudulent and hostile man,

did not honor the memory of the gods, he plotted a conspiracy, and meditated defection. He trusted upon Ar-gisti,[25]
King of Armenia, an helper who did not assist him,
took upon himself the collection of the tributes and his part of the spoil, and refused me his submission. In the anger of my heart, I took the road to his country with the chariots of my power, and the horsemen who never left
the traces of my feet. Muttallu saw the approach of my
expedition, he withdrew his troops, and no one saw any
further trace of him. I besieged and occupied his capital and 62 large towns all together. I carried away his wife, his sons, his daughters, his money, his treasure, all precious things from his palace, together with the inhabitants of his country as spoil, I left none of them. I inaugurated this town afresh; I placed in it men from the country of Bit-Iakin, that my arm had conquered. I instituted my Lieutenant
as Governor, and subdued them under my rule. I
previously took from them 150 chariots, 1,500 horsemen, 20,000 archers, 1,000 men armed with shields and lances, and I confided the country to my Satrap.

37 While Dalta, King of Ellip, lived, he was submissive and

devoted to my rule, the infirmities of age however came and he walked on the path of death. Nibie and Ispabara, the sons of his wives, claimed both the vacant throne of his royalty, the country and the taxes, and they fought a battle. Nibie applied to Sutruk-Nakhunti[26] King of Elam to support his claims, giving to him pledges for his alliance, and the other came as a helper. Ispabara, on his side,
implored me to maintain his cause, and to encourage him, at the same time bowing down, and humbling himself, and asking my alliance. I sent seven of my Lieutenants with their armies to support his claims, they put Nibie and the army of the four rivers,[27] which had helped him, to flight, at the town of Mareobisti. I reinstated Ispabara on the throne; I re-established peace in his country, and confided it to his care.

38 Merodach-Baladan, son of Iakin,[28] King of Chaldæa, the

fallacious, the persistent in enmity, did not respect the memory of the gods, he trusted in the sea, and in the retreat of the marshes; he eluded the precepts of the great
gods, and refused to send his tributes. He had supported as an ally Khumbanigas, King of Elam. He had excited
all the nomadic tribes of the desert against me. He prepared himself for battle, and advanced. During twelve
years,[29] against the will of the gods of Babylon, the town of Bel which judges the gods, he had excited the country of the Sumers and Accads, and had sent ambassadors to
them. In honor of the god Assur, the father of the gods, and of the great and august Lord Merodach, I roused my
courage, I prepared my ranks for battle. I decreed an
expedition against the Chaldeans, an impious and riotous people. Merodach-Baladan heard of the approach of my
expedition, dreading the terror of his own warriors, he fled before it, and flew in the night time like an owl, falling back from Babylon, to the town of Ikbibel. He assembled together the towns possessing oracles, and the gods living
in these towns he brought to save them to Dur-Iakin, fortifying its walls. He summoned the tribes of Gambul,
Pukud, Tamun, Ruhua, and Khindar, put them in this place, and prepared for battle. He calculated the extent of a
plethrum[30] in front of the great wall. He constructed a ditch 200 spans[31] wide, and deep one fathom and a half.[32] The conduits of water, coming from the Euphrates, flowed out into this ditch; he had cut off the course of the river, and divided it into canals, he had surrounded the town, the place of his revolt, with a dam, he had filled it with water, and cut off the conduits. Merodach-Baladan, with his allies and his soldiers had the insignia of his royalty kept as in an island on the banks of the river; he arranged his plan of battle. I stretched my combatants all along the river dividing them into bands; they conquered the
enemies. By the blood of the rebels the waters of these canals reddened like dyed wool. The nomadic tribes
were terrified by this disaster which surprised him and fled; I completely separated his allies and the men of Marsan from him; I filled the ranks of the insurgents with mortal terror. He left in his tent the insignia of his royalty, the golden ...[33] the golden throne, the golden parasol,
the golden sceptre, the silver chariot, the golden ornaments, and other effects of considerable weight; he fled
alone, and disappeared like the ruined battlements of his fortress, and I entered into his retreat. I besieged and occupied the town of Dur-Iakin, I took as spoil and made captive, him, his wife, his sons, his daughters, the gold and silver and all that he possessed, the contents of his palace, whatever it was, with considerable booty from the town. I made each family and every man who had withdrawn himself from my arms, accountable for this sin. I
reduced Dur-Iakin the town of his power to ashes. I undermined and destroyed its ancient forts. I dug up the
foundation stone;[34] I made it like a thunder-stricken ruin, I allowed the people of Sippara, Nipur, Babylon, and Borsippa, who live in the middle of the towns to exercise their
profession, to enjoy their belongings in peace, and I have watched upon them. I took away the possession of the
fields which from remote times had been in the hand of
the _Suti_ Nomad, and restored them to their rightful owners. I placed the nomadic tribes of the desert again under my yoke, and I restored the forgotten land delimitations which had existed during the tranquillity of the land. I gave to each of the towns of Ur, Orchoé, Erikhi, Larsa, Kullab, and Kisik, the dwelling of the god Laguda, the god that resides in each, and I restored the gods who had been
taken away, to their sanctuaries. I re-established the
altered laws in full force.

39 I imposed tributes on the countries of Bet-Iakin, the high

and low part, and on the towns of Samhun, Bab-Dur, Dur-Tilit, Bubi, Tell-Khumba, which are the resort of Elam.
I transplanted into Elam the inhabitants of the Commagene, in Syria, that I had attacked with my own hand,
obeying the commands of the great gods my Masters, and
I placed them on the territory of Elam, in the town of
Sakbat. Nabu-Pakid-Ilan was authorized to collect the
taxes from the Elamites in order to govern them; I claimed as a pledge the town of Birtu. I placed all this country in the hands of my Lieutenant at Babylon and my Lieutenant in the country of Gambul.[35]

40 I returned alone to Babylon, to the sanctuaries of Bel, the

judge of the gods, in the excitement of my heart and the splendor of my appearance; I took the hands of the great Lord, the august god Merodach, and I traversed the way
to the chamber of the spoil.

41 I transported into it 154 talents 26 minas 10 drachms of

gold _russù_;[36] 1804 talents 20 minas of silver;[37] ivory, a great deal of copper, iron in an innumerable quantity, some of the stone _ka_, alabaster, the minerals _pi digili_, flattened _pi sirru_ for witness seals, blue and purple stuffs, cloth of _berom_ and cotton, ebony; cedar, and cypress wood, freshly cut from the fine forests on Mount Amanus, in
honor of Bel, Zarpanit, Nebo, and Tasmit, and the gods
who inhabit the sanctuaries of the Sumers and Accads; all that from my accession to the third year of my reign.[38]

42 Upir, King of Dilmun who dwells at the distance of 30

parasanges[39] in the midst of the sea of the rising sun and who is established as a fish, heard of the favor that the gods Assur, Nebo, and Merodach had accorded me; he sent
therefore his expiatory gift.

43 And the seven Kings of the country of Iahnagi, of the

country of Iatnan (who have established and extended
their dwellings at a distance of seven days' navigation in the midst of the sea of the setting sun, and whose name from the most ancient ages until the renewal of the lunar period,[40] none of the Kings my fathers in Assyria and Chaldea[41] had heard), had been told of my lofty achievements in Chaldea and Syria, and my glory, which had
spread from afar to the midst of the sea. They subdued
their pride and humbled themselves; they presented themselves before me at Babylon, bearing metals, gold, silver,
vases, ebony wood, and the manufactures of their country; they kissed my feet.

44 While I endeavored to exterminate Bet-Iakin and reduce

Aram, and render my rule more efficacious in the country of Iatbur, which is beyond Elam, my Lieutenant, the Governor of the country of Kue, attacked Mita, the Moschian,
and 3,000 of his towns; he demolished these towns, destroyed them, burnt them with fire, and led away many
captives. And this Mita the Moschian, who had never
submitted to the Kings my predecessors and had never
changed his will, sent his envoy to me to the very borders of the sea of the rising sun, bearing professions of allegiance and tributes.

45 In these days, these nations and these countries that my

hand has conquered, and that the gods Assur, Nebo, and
Merodach have made bow to my feet, followed the ways
of piety. With their help I built at the feet of the _musri_, following the divine will and the wish of my heart, a town that I called _Dur-Sarkin_[42] to replace Nineveh.[43]
Nisroch,[44] Sin, Samas, Nebo, Bin, Ninip, and their great spouses, who procreate eternally in the lofty temple of the upper and the nether world (Aralli) blessed the splendid wonders, the superb streets in the town of Dur-Sarkin. I reformed the institutions which were not agreeable to their ideas. The priests, the _nisi ramki_, the _surmahhi supar_ disputed at their learned discussions about the pre-eminence of
their divinities, and the efficacy of their sacrifices.

46 I built in the town some palaces covered with the skin of

the sea-calf,[45] and of sandal wood, ebony, the wood of mastic tree, cedar, cypress, wild pistachio nut tree, a palace of incomparable splendor, as the seat of my royalty. I
placed their _dunu_ upon tablets of gold, silver, alabaster, _tilpe_ stones, _parut_ stones, copper, lead, iron, tin, and _khibisti_ made of earth. I wrote thereupon the glory of the gods. Above I built a platform of cedar beams. I bordered the doors of pine and mastic wood with bronze garnitures,
and I calculated their distance. I made a spiral staircase similar to the one in the great temple of Syria, that is called in the Phoenician language, _Bethilanni_. Between the doors I placed 8 double lions whose weight is 1 _ner_ 6 _soss_, 50 talents[46] of first-rate copper, made in honor of Mylitta ...[47] and their four _kubur_ in materials from Mount Amanus; I placed them on _nirgalli_.[8] Over them I sculptured artistically a crown of beast of the fields, a bird in stone of the mountains. Toward the four celestial regions, I turned their front. The lintels and the uprights
I made in large gypsum stone that I had taken away with my own hand, I placed them above. I walled them in
and I drew upon me the admiration of the people of the
countries.

47 From the beginning to the end, I walked worshipping the

god Assur, and following the custom of wise men, I built palaces, I amassed treasures.

48 In the month of blessing, on the happy day, I invoked,

in the midst of them, Assur, the father of the gods, the greatest sovereign of the gods and the _Istarât_[49] who inhabit Assyria. I presented vessels of glass, things in
chased silver, ivory, valuable jewels and immense presents, in great quantities, and I rejoiced their heart. I exhibited sculptured idols, double and winged, some ...[50]
winged, some ...[50] winged, serpents, fishes, and birds, from unknown regions and abysses, the ...[50] in high
mountains, summits of the lands that I have conquered
with my own hand, for the glory of my royalty. As a worshipper of the gods and the god Assur, I sacrificed in their
presence, with the sacrifice of white lambs, holy holocausts of expiation, in order to withdraw the gifts that had not been agreeable to the gods.

49 He has granted me in his august power, a happy existence,

long life, and I obtained a constantly lucky reign.
I have entrusted myself to his favor.

50 The great Lord Bel-El, the Master of the lands, inhabits

the lofty tracts; the gods and _Istarât_ inhabit Assyria; their legions remain there in _pargiti_, and _martakni_.

51 With the Chiefs of provinces, the Satraps, wise men,

Astronomers, Magnates, the Lieutenants and Governors
of Assyria, I have ruled in my palace, and administered justice.

52 I have bid them take gold, silver, gold and silver vessels,

precious stones, copper, iron, considerable products of mountains the mines of which are rich, cloth of _berom_ and cotton, blue and purple cloth, amber, skins of sea-calves, pearls, sandal-wood, ebony, horses from higher Egypt,[51] asses, mules, camels, oxen. With all these numerous
tributes I have rejoiced the heart of the gods.

53 May Assur, the father of the gods, bless these palaces, by

giving to his images a spontaneous splendor. May he
watch over the issue even to the remote future. May the sculptured bull, the protector and god who imparts perfection, dwell in day and in night-time in his presence, and
never stir from this threshold!

54 With the help of Assur, may the King who has built these

palaces, attain an old age, and may his offspring multiply greatly! May these battlements last to the most remote
future! May he who dwells there come forth surrounded
with the greatest splendor; may he rejoice in his corporal health, in the satisfaction of his heart accomplish his wishes, attain his end, and may he render his magnificence seven times more imposing!

[Footnote 1: Orchoé, the Erech of the Bible, is certainly the Warka of the present day; Sippara, Sofeira; Nipur, Niffar; Larsam, Senkereh. Ur (the Ur of the Bible) is Mugheir; Kullab and Erikhi are unknown. (See "Expéd. en Mésopot.," i. p. 255 et seq.)]

[Footnote 2: The old empire Bal-bat-ki. The syllabaries explain this ideogram by "Assur," but it is very awkward that in these texts the identification with Assur occurs nowhere. I therefore transcribe "Sumer," which was the true name of the people and the language named wrongly Accadian. The term of "Sumerian" is supported by MM. Ménant, Eneberg, Gelzer, Prætorius, Delitzsch, Olshausen, and other scholars.]

[Footnote 3: "Itanus," or Yatnan, in the island of Crete, became afterward the name of the island of Cyprus.]

[Footnote 4: For the words in italics no satisfactory translation has as yet been found.]

[Footnote 5: The "Pekod" of the Bible (Jer. i. 21; Ezek. xxiii. 23).]

[Footnote 6: Which belongs to Elam.]

[Footnote 7: Lower Chaldea. Nearly all the names of the Elamite towns are Semitic (see Gen. x. 22), but the Susian ones are not.]

[Footnote 8: Tiglatpileser, whom Sargon would not acknowledge.]

[Footnote 9: This is the word "siltan," the Hebrew "shilton" ("power"), the Arabic "sultan."]

[Footnote 10: Raphia, near the frontier of Egypt.]

[Footnote 11: Khilakku. It seems to be identical with the "Sparda" of Persian, the "Sepharad" of Obadiah.]

[Footnote 12: The condition of Jaubid before his accession.]

[Footnote 13: Or Minni.]

[Footnote 14: It seems not to be Paphos.]

[Footnote 15: Parthia(?).]

[Footnote 16: The same name as Belshazzar.]

[Footnote 17: This Agag is very possibly the country of Haman the Agagite, if we must not read Agaz.]

[Footnote 18: Ambanda is perhaps the Median "Kampanda."]

[Footnote 19: We find in the inscriptions of Van, the god Haldi as god of the Armenians, which proves more forcibly than ever that the syllabary of the Armenian inscriptions is the same as the Assyrian syllabary.]

[Footnote 20: See Isaiah xx. 1.]

[Footnote 21: Meluhhi is not Méroe, but Libya, and especially the Marmarica. The name seems to be the "Milyes" of Herodotus.]

[Footnote 22: "Asdudim" seems to be a Hebraic plural.]

[Footnote 23: Meluhhi. This is the only passage where small gaps occur.]

[Footnote 24: This is one of the most important passages of the text; the period is the Chaldean eclipse period of 1,805 years, and ended in 712 B.C. Instead of this passage, the stele of Larnaca, now in Berlin, has, "from the remotest times, the beginning of Assyria, until now." The commencement of the period, 2517 B.C., coincided very nearly with the capture of Babylon by the Medes. This date commences the real history; previous to this time reigned the 86 princes during twelve lunar periods of 1,805, and twelve solar periods of 1,460 years, viz., 39,180 years. The very event may have happened eleven years afterward, 2506 B.C. The Deluge happened, according to the Chaldeans, in 41697 B.C.]

[Footnote 25: This royal name is still found in the Armenian texts of Van.]

[Footnote 26: The inscriptions of this prince are translated in the seventh volume.]

[Footnote 27: Elam. We are now certain of this identification.]

[Footnote 28: The same who occurs in the Ptolemaic canon (721-709).]

[Footnote 29: From 721 to 709 B.C.]

[Footnote 30: 32 m. 91 cm., 39 yds.]

[Footnote 31: 54 m. 85 cm., 65 yds.]

[Footnote 32: 4 m. 94 cm., 17-1/2 ft.]

[Footnote 33: Unexplained.]

[Footnote 34: "Timin," not "cylinder."]

[Footnote 35: Only two years after the commencement of the war.]

[Footnote 36: 12,544. pd. troy 68.]

[Footnote 37: 152,227. pd. troy, 75. A royal silver drachm is nearly 3s., a royal mina £9; the state drachm and mina is the half of it. A silver talent is always very close to £270 sterling.]

[Footnote 38: Sargon speaks of his third "year" and not of his third campaign, in order to mark what he had already accomplished before the year 717.]

[Footnote 39: One hundred and ten English miles.]

[Footnote 40: This is the second passage where Sargon alludes to this period ending under his reign.]

[Footnote 41: "Karduniyas."]

[Footnote 42: Or "Dur-Sarkayan." The King passes rapidly over some other peculiarities which he inserts in other texts, namely, the measures of the town, and the ceremonies of its edification. The circuit is given as containing 3-1/3 ners (miles) 1 stadium 3 canes 2 spans, or 24,740 spans, and Botta's measurings afford 6,790 metres (7,427 yds.). This statement gives for the span, with a slight correction in the fourth decimal, 27,425 cm. (10.797 ins., and for the cubit 5,485 cm. 21.594 ins.).]

[Transcriber's Note: Above, the author seems to be using the European decimal point ",", in the metric measurements, and the American decimal point in the Imperial measurements, ".".]

[Footnote 43: At this time the palace of Nineveh was still in ruins. It was rebuilt by Sennacherib.]

[Footnote 44: This is my former transcription of the divine name which is now pronounced Hea. But I think sincerely that the latter is not better than the former one.]

[Footnote 45: This assimilation is not quite certain.]

[Footnote 46: One thousand ten talents 602 cwt. English.]

[Footnote 47: Obscure.]

[Footnote 48: A very difficult passage; the name of the god Nergal does not interfere with the object.]

[Footnote 49: The Hebrew "Astaroth," which signifies "goddesses." Compare Judges x. 6.]

[Footnote 50: Obscure.]

[Footnote 51: It is not clear what animals are meant.]

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