INDEX

Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations.

Abdul Rauf Khan

Addison, Christopher

Adler, Friedrich

Aerenthal, Alois Lexa von

Afghanistan

Africa

Congo Act and

European colonization of

French Equatorial Africa campaign in

Makombe revolt in

peace settlement and

postwar imperialism in

South African campaign in

Tanga expedition in

aircraft

French warfare and

at Verdun

Aitken, A.E.

Albania

Albert I, king of the Belgians

Alekseyev, M.V

Alexander, prince of Serbia

Algeçiras conference of 1906,

Allen, Hervey

Allenby, Edmund

All Quiet on the Western Front (Im Westen nichts Neues) (Remarque)

All-Russian Conference of Soviets

Alsace-Lorraine

American Expedition Force (AEF)

Amiens, Battle of

Anatolia

Anglo-French Entente of 1904,

Gallipoli campaign and

Anglo-Japanese alliance of 1902,

Anstey, E.C.

anti-Semitism

Arabs

Armageddon 190- (Grautoff)

Armistice Day

Armistice of November see also peace settlement

Arnoux, Alexandre

Arras, Battle of

artillery

in 1918 offensive

production of

in trench warfare

Artois offensives (1915)

Arz von Straussenburg, Arthur

Asquith, H.H.

Association of Trade and Industry

Aubers Ridge

Australia

Australia, HMS

Austria-Hungary

armistice signed by

Brest-Litovsk treaty and

empire of

food shortages in

Germany’s alliance with

Germany’s support sought by

Isonzo River battles and

Italy’s declaration of war on

Italy’s relations with

mobilization by

Polish question and

in Triple Alliance

ultimatum to Serbia by

war guilt question and

war on Serbia declared by

war plans of

Auxiliary Service Law (German)

Azerbaijan

Baden, Max von

Balfour Declaration (1917)

Balkan campaign

Balkans

Muslim population of

Russia and

see also specific nations

Baralong, HMS

Barbusse, Henri

Barbam, HMS

Barrès, Maurice

Bauer, Hermann

Bauer, Max

Bean.E.W.

Beatty, David

Beaverbrook, Lord

Belgian Congo

Belgium

army of

atrocities in

German invasions of

Germany’s ultimatum to

liberation of

neutrality of

Bell, Gertrude

Belleau Wood

Berchtold, Leopold

Berlin Congress

Bernier, Jean

Berthelot, Henri

Bethmann Hollweg, Theobald von

Binding, Rudolph

Bismarck, Otto von

Bloch, Jean-Richard

blockade

U.S. opposition to

see also economic warfare

Blücher

Boer War (1899-1902)

Bolsheviks

Borden, Robert

Boroevic, Svetozar

Bosnia

Bosnia-Herzegovina

Bosnian crisis of

Bourbon-Parma, Prince Sixte

Breslau

Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of (1918)

Briand, Aristide

Brisset, Colonel

British Expeditionary Force (BEF)

Brittain, Vera

Brockdorff-Rantzau, Ulrich

Brooke, Rupert

Bruchmüller, Georg

Brusilov, A.A.

Brussels

Bryan, William Jennings

Buchan, John

Buchanan, George

Bucharest, Treaty of (1918)

Bulgaria

Bülow, Bernhard von

Bülow, Carl von

Burian, Stephan von

Byng, Julian

Cabrinovíc, Nedeljko

Cadorna, Luigi

Caillaux, Joseph

Callies, Alexis

Cambrai, Battle of

Cameroons

Campbell-Bannerman, Henry

Canada

Canopus, HMS

Cape Matapan, Battle of

Caporetto, Battle of

Carden, Sackville

Carol I, king of Romania

Carrington, Charles

Catholic Centre Party, German

Caucasus campaign

Armenian massacres in

Battle of Sarikamish in

Russia in

cavalry

Cecil, Lord Robert

Cemal, Ahmed

Champeaux, G.

Chantilly conferences

Charteris, John

Château-Thierry, Battle of

Chile

China

Japan and

revolution of 1911 in

21 Demands and

Churchill, Winston Gallipoli campaign and

Clemenceau, Georges

Clementel, Etienne

Collapse of the Old World, The (Der Zusammenbruch der alten Welt) (Grautoff)

colonialism

Committee of Imperial Defense, British

Committee of National Defense, Ottoman

Committee of Union and Progress, Ottoman

communications

Congo Act

Congress of Vienna (1815)

Consett, M.

Constantine, king of Greece

Cooper, Ethel

Coppard, George

Coronel, Battle of

Cradock, Christopher

Cramon, August von

Cunliffe-Owen, Francis

Czechoslovakia

Czernin, Ottokar

Dabi, Kazibule

Daily Telegraph (London)

Dallolio, Alfredo

Davis, Leslie

Declaration of London (1909)

Declassé, Théophile

Defense of the Realm Act (Great Britain)

Denmark

Deppe, Ludwig

Derfflinger

de Robeck, John

Diaz, Armando

Dimitrijevi , Dragutin

Dobell, Charles

Dogger Bank, Battle of the

Doyle, Arthur Conan

Dresden

East Asiatic Squadron, German

East Prussia

Battle of Gumbinnen in

Battle of Tannenburg in

Ebert, Friedrich

Economic Consequences of the Peace, The (Keynes)

economic warfare

debate on

Germany affected by

neutrals and

U.S. opposition to

see also blockade

Edward VII, king of England

Egypt

8th Army, German

8th Army, Russian

18th Army, German

Einem, Karl von

Eisenmenger, Anna 11th Army, German

Elkington, J.F.

Emden

Enver Pasha

Erzberger, Matthias

Esher, Lord

Esterházy, Moritz

Estienne, Jean-Baptiste

Ethem, Hasan

Faisal, Prince

Falkenhayn, Erich von

Ludendorff’s strategy debate with

in Middle East campaign

Falkland Islands, Battle of the

Falls, Cyril

Far East

Anglo-German naval conflict in

Sino-Japanese conflict in

Tsingtao campaign in

Fatherland Party, German

Fayolle, Marie-Emile

Federal Reserve Board

Ferdinand I, king of Bulgaria

Ferry, Abel

Feu, Le (Barbusse)

5th Army, Austro-Hungarian

5th Army, British

5th Army, French

5th Army, German

5th Battle Squadron, British

15th Army, Austro-Hungarian

15th Corps, French

Figaro, Le (Paris)

Finland

1st Army, Austro-Hungarian

1st Army, British

1st Army, French

1st Army, German

1st Army, Russian

1st Army, Turkish

First Balkan War

I Corps, Turkish

Fisher, Jackie

Foch, Ferdinand

Foreign Ministry, German

Foreign Office, British

4th Army, Austro-Hungarian

4th Army, British

4th Army, French

4th Army, German

4th Army, Turkish

Fourteen Points

46th Division, British

France

in Africa

artillery strength of

British Africa rivalry with

British alliance of 1904 and

civilian-military conflict in

conscription in

in Gallipoli campaign

Germany’s declaration of war on

government crises in

labor shortage in

liberalism vs. state power in

Middle East interests of

mobilization of

munitions production in

mutinies in army of

population of

Rapallo conferences and

Salonika expedition and

in Triple Entente

Franchet d‘Esperey, Louis

Franco-Prussian War

Franz Ferdinand, archduke of Austria

assassination of

Franz Josef, emperor of Austria-Hungary

Fraser, Donald

French, John

French Equatorial Africa

Friedrich, archduke of Austria

Friedrich der Grosse

Fryatt, Charles

Fuller, J.F.C.

Gale, Ted

Gallieni, Joseph-Simon

Gallipoli campaign

aims of

Anglo-French entente of 1904 and

Anzac forces in

casualties in

Churchill and

failure of

landings in

results of

Gaza, Battle of

Geist der Militarismus, Die (Goldmann)

George V, king of England

German East Africa

German South-West Africa

Germany

in Africa

Anglo-French Entente challenged by

armistice and humiliation of

assassination crisis and

Austria-Hungary’s alliance with

Baltic states and

Belgium ultimatum of

Bolshevik Revolution and

Britain’s naval rivalry with

conscription in

and defeat of Serbia

economic warfare’s effects on

and failure of Mesopotamia campaign

Japan’s declaration of war against

Jews of

liberalism in

Mexican alliance sought by

mobilization in

1918 offensive of

Ottoman alliance with

Pacific operations of

Polish question and

population of

socialists in

stab in the back attitude of

strikes and mutinies in

Tsingtao campaign and

war guilt question and

war on France declared by

war plans of

war on Russia declared by

Weltkrieg concept and

Weltpolitik policy of

Gheuens, J.G.

Giolitti, Giovanni

Giraudoux, Jean

Glasgow, HMS

Gloucester, HMS

Gneisenau

Goeben

Gokalp, Ziya

Goldmann, Nachum

Good Hope, HMS

Gorlice-Tarnow, Battle of

Gough, Hubert

Grautoff, F.H.

Great Britain

in Africa

Belgian neutrality and

conscription in

economic warfare and

France’s Africa rivalry with

Germany’s naval code broken by

Germany’s naval rivalry with

Germany’s Weltkrieg concept and

in Japanese alliance of 1902,

labor shortage in

liberalism vs. state power in

Ottoman Empire and

Pacific naval operations of

Rapallo conferences and

Salonika campaign and

in Triple Entente

wartime industry of

war weariness in

Greece

Greenmantle (Buchan)

Grey, Edward

Groener, Wilhelm

Grunert, Colonel

Gumbinnen, Battle of

Guse, Felix

Haber, Fritz

Hague Convention of 1899,

Hague Convention of 1907,

Haig, Douglas

Haldane, Richard

Halévy, Daniel

Halévy, Elie

Halil Pasha

Hall, Reginald “Blinker,”

Hamilton, Ian

Hampshire, HMS

Händler und Helden (Sombart)

Hankey, Maurice

Hase, Georg von

Haussmann, Conrad

Hay, Ian

Helphand, Alexander

Hentsch, Richard

Herbert, Aubrey

Herero uprising of 1904-5,

Hertling, Georgvon

Hindenburg, Paul von

Hintze, Paul von

Hipper, Franz von

Hitler, Adolf

Hoffmann, Max

Holtzendorff, Henning von

Hoskins, A.R.

Hötzendorff, Conrad von

House, Edward

Hoyos, Alexander, Graf von

Hughes, Billy

Hungary

food shortages in

Hussein, sherif of Mecca

imperialism

Indefatigable, HMS

Independence Party, Hungarian

Independent Labour Party, British

Independent Socialist Party, German

India

Mesopotamia campaign and

Indian Expeditionary Force B

Indian Expeditionary Force D,

India Office, British

Inflexible, HMS

influenza epidemic of

Ingenohl, Friedrich von

Inoue Kauro

Invincible, HMS

Iraq

see also Mesopotamia; Mesopotamia campaign

Ireland

Iron Duke, HMS

Isonzo River, battles of

Italy

antiwar demonstrations in

liberalism in

Libya invaded by

peace settlement and

in Triple Entente

war on Austria-Hungary declared by

Jackson, John

Japan

Britain’s 1902 alliance with

China and

Russia’s war with

Tsingtao campaign and

21 Demands of

war on Germany declared by

Jaurès, Jean

Jellicoe, John Rushworth

Jeras, Josip

Jews

Russo-German War and

Joffre, Joseph

Johns, WE.

Jones, Kennedy

Jouinot-Gambetta, F.L.

Jubert, Raymond

Jünger, Ernst

Jutland, Battle of

Kadet Party, Russian

Kapp, Wolfgang

Karl I, kaiser of Austria

Károlyi, Mihály

Kato Takaaki

K-Brot

Keegan, John

Kemal, Mustafa (Atatürk)

Kenya

Kerensky, Aleksandr

Keynes, John Maynard

King George V, HMS

Kitchener, Horatio H.

Klemperer, Victor

Klotz, Lucien

Kluck, Alexander von

Knobelsdorff, Konstantin Schmidt von

Kongo

Königgrätz, Battle of

Königsberg, SMS

Kornilov, Lavr

Kraut, Georg

Kühlmann, Richard

Kut, siege of

Lambert, Richard

Landwehr von Pragenau, Ottokar

Lansdowne, Lord

Lansing, Robert

Latvia

Lawrence, T.E.

Law of Siege, French

League of Nations

LeGallais, Lottie

Leipzig

Lenin.I.

Lettow-Vorbeck, Paul von

Makombe revolt and

Tanga campaign and

liberalism

in Germany

in interwar years

in Italy

Law of Siege and

in Russia

state power vs.

warfare and

Libya

Liebknecht, Karl

Liege, siege of

lightning (Yilderim) campaign

Lion, HMS

literature, postwar

Lithuania

Littauer, Vladimir

Lloyd George, David

Lobanov-Rostovsky, A.

Lódz, Battle of

Loebell, Hauptmann von

London, Pact of (1914)

Longwe, Fololiyani

Loos, Battle of

Ludendorff, Erich

Amiens Battle and

Falkenhayn’s strategy debate with

nervous breakdown of

1918 offensive and

resignation of

Siegfried Line and

as Spa conference

Lusitania

Luxemburg, Rosa

Lyautey, Louis

Macedonia

McKenna, Reginald

Mackensen, August von

McMahon, Henry

McNeile, H.C.

Mahiwa, battle of

Mahsusa Tekilât-i

Majestic, HMS

Malawi

Malaya, HMS

Malone, William

Mangin, Charles

Marchetti, Tullio

Marghiloman, Alexander

Marne, first Battle of

Marne, second Battle of

Masurian lakes, Battle of

Mathy, Heinrich

Matin, Le

Matscheko, Franz von memorandum of

Mayo, Carlo

Mbaye, Kamadon

Megiddo, Battle of

Meinertzhagen, Richard

Merlin, M.

Merrheim, Alphonse

Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia campaign

as German failure

Indian troops in

Persian campaign and

siege of Kut in

Messines, Battle of

Mexico

Michaelis, Georg

Mihajlovi, Slavka

Miles, Lilian

Milner, Lord

Milyukov, Pavel

Mr Standfast (Buchan)

Mitteleuropa (Naumann)

Mobilitazione Industriale

Moltke, Helmuth von

Monash, John

Monmouth, HMS

Montenegro

Morgenthau, Henry

Morocco

1911 crisis in

Mozambique

Mücke, Hellmuth von

Müller, Georg von

Müller, Karl von

Munitions Ministry, British

munitions production

artillery production and

civilian-military conflict and

lowering of standards in

manpower needs of

Murray, Archibald

Murray, Bill

Muslims

Mussolini, Benito

Nahungu, Battle of

Namakura, Battle of

Napoleon III, emperor of France

Narungombe, Battle of

National Defense Act (U.S.)

nationalism

Natorp, Paul

Naumann, Friedrich

Naumann, Heinrich

Naval Appropriations Act (U.S.)

Netherlands

Neuve Chapelle, Battle of

New Armies

New York Times

New Zealand

New Zealand, HMS

Nicholas II, tsar of Russia

fall of

Nicolson, Arthur

Nigeria

Nikolay, grand duke of Russia

9th Army, German

Nivelle, Robert

Nivelle offensive

Nixon, John

Northern Rhodesia

Norway

Nyasaland

OberOst

Orlando, Vittorio

Ottoman Empire

army of

Brest-Litovsk treaty and

dissolution of

extent of

in First Balkan War

foreign debt of

Germany’s alliance with

leadership of

see also Caucasus campaign; Gallipoli campaign; Mesopotamia campaign; Young Turks

Ottoman Public Debt Commission

Owen, Wilfred

Painlevé, Paul

Paléologue, Maurice

Palestine

Palestine campaign

Pan-German League

Panther

pan-Turkism

Pai, Nikola

Payer, Friedrich von

peace settlement

and Germany’s refusal to admit defeat

and liberation of Belgium

mandate system and

reparations in

terms of

victory as defined by

Pershing, John J.

Persia

Pétain, Philippe

Picot, François

Pity of War, The (Ferguson)

Plan

Plumer, Herbert

Poincaré, Raymond

Poland

Pollio, Alberto

Portugal

in First World War

Portuguese East Africa

Potiorek, Oskar

Princip, Gavrilo

Prittwitz und Gaffron, Maximilian

Provisional Government, Russian

Prussia

Putnik, Radomir

Queen Elizabeth, HMS

Q ships

Rathenau, Walther

Rawlinson, Henry

Redlich, Josef

Reininghaus, Gina von

Remarque, Erich Maria

Renault, Louis

Rennenkampf, Paul

Repington, Charles à Court

Reserve Army, British

Ribot, Alexandre

Richert, Dominik

Richmond, Herbert

Riddell, Lord

Ritter, Gerhard

Robertson, William

Röhm, Ernst von

Rohr, Willy

Rolland, Romain

Romania

defeat of

war on Central Powers declared by

Rommel, Erwin

Room

Roosevelt, Theodore

Roques, Pierre-Auguste

Rupprecht, crown prince of Bavaria

Russia

assassination crisis of 1914 and

Brest-Litovsk treaty and

in Caucasus campaign

declining economy of

East Prussia offensive of

fall of tsar in

Germany’s declaration of war on

Japan’s war with

liberalism in

manpower resources of

mobilization in

onset of war and

Provisional Government of

revolution in

strikes and mutinies in

in Third Baltic War

in Triple Entente

wartime industry of

Ruszkiy, Nikolay

Salandra, Antonio

Salonika front

Samoa

Samsonov, Aleksandr

Sanders, Liman von

Sarikamish, Battle of

Sarrail, Maurice

Sassoon, Siegfried

Sazonov, Sergey

Scharnhorst

Scheer, Reinhard

Schlieffen, Alfred von

Schlieffen Plan

Schnee, Heinrich

Scott, William

Scottish National War Memorial

2nd Army, Austro-Hungarian

2nd Army, British

2nd Army, French

2nd Army, German

2nd Army, Russian

2nd Army, Serbian

Second Balkan Var

Second World War

Seeckt, Hans von

Serbia .

Austria-Hungary’s declaration of war against

Austria-Hungary’s ultimatum to

in Balkan Wars

defeat of

military readiness of

7th Army, French

7th Army, German

17th Army, German

72nd Division, French

76th Regiment, German

evket, Mahmut

Seydlitz

Sheikh-ul-Islam

Siedlitz operation

Siegfried position

Sims, W.S.

6th Army, Austro-Hungarian

6th Army, French

6th Army, Turkish

16th Army, Austro-Hungarian

62nd Division, British

Smith, Adam

Smuts, Jan

Socialist Party, British

Socialist Party, German

Socialist Party, Italian

Soissons, Battle of

Soldan, Georg

“Soldier, The” (Brooke)

Sombart, Werner

Somme, Battle of the

British failure in

casualties in

Germany’s decision to fall back in

objectives of

strategic doctrine and

Sontay

Sophie, archduchess of Austria

Souchon, Wilhelm

South Africa

Spartacists

Spee, Maximilian, Graf von

Spiess, Hans

Stopford, Frederick

Storm of Steel, The (Stahlgewittern) (Jnger)

Stresemann, Gustav

Stumpf, Richard

Sturdee, Doveton

Stürgkh, Karl

submarine warfare

debate on

peace initiative of 1916 and

unrestricted

Sudan

Suez Canal

Sulzbach, Herbert

Supreme War council

Sykes, Mark

Syria

Szögyény, Count

tactics, tactical adaptation

breakthrough vs. attrition in

broad vs. narrow front in

command authority and

intelligence and

Talât, Mehmed

tanks development of

Tannenburg, battle of

Tsluanu , Octavian

Tawney, R.H.

technology

firepower revolution and

3rd Army, Austro-Hungarian

3rd Army, British

3rd Army, French

3rd Army, Cerman

3rd Army, Russian

3rd Army, Serbian.

3rd Army, Turkish

Third Balkan War

Austria-Hungary’s war plans in

casualties in

civilian population in

onset of

Siedlitz operation in

siege of Przemys sl in

stalemate in

Thomas, Albert

Times (London)

Tirpitz, Alfred von.

Tisza, István

Townshend, Charles

Traders and Heroes (Sombart)

Trades Union Congress

Transylvania

Treasury, U.S.

Trenchard, Hugh

trench warfare

advent of aircraft and

battle as redefined by

casualties and death rates in

disease, vermin and

institutionalization of

Triple Alliance

Italy’s abrogation of

Triple Entente

Bolshevik Revolution and

finances of

Italy as member of

London pact of 1914 and

war strategy of

Triumph, HMS

Trotsky, Leon

Troubridge, Ernest

Troubridge, Thomas

Turkestan

Turkey, see Ottoman Empire

21 Demands

U-boats see also submarine warfare

Uganda

Ukraine

Under Fire (Barbusse)

Union of Zemstvos

United States

Allies’ economic dependence on

army of

blockade policy opposed by

entry into war by

submarine warfare debate and

Unsung, The (De Mis Kinden) (Gheuens)

Valentino, Enzo

Vandervelde, Emil

van Deventer, “Jap,”

Vehib Pasha

Venizelos, Eleutherios

Verdun, Battle of

aircraft in

artillery bombardment in

Brusilov offensive and

casualties in

French resolve and

strategic doctrine and

Versailles Treaty (1919)

see also peace settlement

Victory Medal

Villa, Pancho

Vimy Ridge

Vittorio-Veneto, Battle of

Viviani, René

von der Goltz, Colmar

Vorwarts

Wade, Aubrey

Wangenheim, Hans von

Warburg, Paul

War Industries Committee

War Ministry, Prussian

War Office, British

War Propaganda Bureau, British

War Requiem (Britten)

War Surveillance Office, Austro-Hungarian

Webb, Beatrice

Weber, Max

Wegner, Armin

Weir, Lord

Weltkrieg (world war), concept of

Weltpolitik

Wilhelm, crown prince of Germany

Wilhelm II, kaiser of Germany

abdication of

declining power of

German-Austrian relations and

Karl I’s meeting with

personality of

submarine warfare decision of

Turko-German alliance and

war decision of

Weltpolitik policy of

Wilson, Henry

Wilson, Woodrow

Fourteen Points of

Wintgens, Max

Woebcken, Heinrich

Yanushkevich, Nikolay

Young Turks

Ypres:

first battle of

third battle of

Yuan Shih-kai

Yugoslavia

Zimmermann, Arthur

Zionism

Zita, empress of Austria