CHAPTER 5: SHACKLED TO A CORPSE

1 Gustaf Steffen, Weltkrieg une Imperialismus (Jena, 1915), pp. 49-51.

2 Vladimir Littauer, Russian Hussar (London, 1965), pp. 138, 150.

3 Max Hoffmann, War Diaries and other papers (2 vols, London, 1929), vol. 1, p. 40.

4 Jeffrey Verhey, The Spirit of 1914: Militarism. Myth and Mobilization in Germany (Cambridge, 2000), p. 91.

5 Reichsarchiv, Der Weltkrieg 1914 bis 1918, vol. 2 (Berlin, 1925), p. 324.

6 Dennis Showalter, Tannenberg (Hamden, Conn., 1991), p. 143.

7 Karl Friedrich Nowak (ed.), Die Aufzeichungen des Generalmajors Max Hoffmann (2 vols, Berlin, 1929), vol. 2, p. 29.

8 Hoffmann, War Diaries, vol. 1, p. 41.

9 Alfred Knox, With the Russian Army. 1914-1917 (2 vols, London, 1921), vol. 1, p. 68.

10 Letter from Hauptmann Geisler, 1 September 1914, in Wolfgang Foerster and Helmuth Greiner (eds), Wir Kämpfer im Weltkrieg (Berlin, n.d.), pp. 109-10.

11 Prince A. Lobanov-Rostovsky, The Grinding Mill: Reminiscences of War and Revolution in Russia, 1913-1920 (New York, 1935), p. 22.

12 Wolfgang Foerster (ed.), Mackensen. Briefe und Aufzeichnungen (Leipzig, 1938), pp. 73-4.

13 Holger Afflerbach, Falkenhayn (Munich, 1994), p. 217.

14 Norman Stone, The Eastern Front 1914-1917 (London, 1975), p. 178.

15 Diary of Hauptmann von Loebell of 3rd Foot Guards, in Wolfgang Foerster and Helmuth Greiner (eds), Wir Kämpfer im Weltkrieg (Berlin, n.d.), pp. 168-9.

16 Lobanov-Rostovsky, The Grinding Mill, p. 20.

17 George Buchanan, My Mission to Russia and Other Diplomatic Memories (2 vols, London, 1923), vol. 1, p. 215.

18 Knox, With the Russian Army, vol. 1, p. 349.

19 A. A. Brusilov, A Soldier’s Note-book 1914-1918 (London, 1930), p. 151.

20 Lobanov-Rostovsky, The Grinding Mill, p. 160.

21 Peter Gawell, A Whole Empire Walking: Refugees in Russia during World War I (Bloomington, IN, 1999), p. 15.

22 Ibid., p. 16.

23 Vejas Gabriel Liulevicius, War Land on the Eastern Front: Culture, National Identity and German Occupation in World War I (Cambridge, 2000), p. 192.

24 Ibid., p. 71.

25 Stone, The Eastern Front, p. 210.

26 David Stevenson, The First World War and International Politics (Oxford, 1988), p. 51.

27 John R. Schindler, Isonzo : The Forgotten Sacrifice of the Great War (Westport, CT, 2001), p. 18.

28 Holger Herwig, The First World War : Germany and Austria-Hungary 1914-1918 (London, 1997), p. 151.

29 Fernanda Bellachioma (trans.), Letters and Drawings of Enzo Valentini, Conte di Laviano, Italian Volunteer and Soldier (London, 1917), p. 78; see also pp. 157-68.

30 C. E. J. Fryer, The Destruction of Serbia in 1915 (New York, 1997), pp. 149, 159.

31 Misha Glenny, The Balkans (Harmondsworth, 1999), p. 331.

32 David French, British Strategy and War Aims 1914-1916 (London, 1986), p. 141.

33 George Leon, Greece and the Great Powers 1914-1917 (Thessaloniki, 1974), p. 282.