| | papacy, see Avignon | | see also Gaul |
|
| Francis of Assisi ( 1181/2-1226), x, 229, 306, 307 |
| Franks, 15, 31, 36, 59, 61, 62, 64, 65, 76 | kingdom, 70, 74, 90 -1, 179, 221, 242 ; see also Charlemagne; Merovingian kingdom; and under kingship and law, 77 | | Vikings and, 101 -2, 105 -6 |
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| Fraxinetum (Riviera), 22 | Saracen raiders from, 196 |
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| Fredegar, Frankish chronicler (d. 643), 86, 87 |
| Frederick, archbishop of Bremen (d. 1123), 122 |
| Frederick, duke of Swabia (d. 1147), 146 |
| Frederick I Barbarossa, emperor (c. 1123-90), 146 -7; also 109, 110, 111, 112, 127, 131, 162, 164, 201, 218, 223, 224 |
| Frederick II, king of Sicily and Germany, emperor ( 1194-1 250 ), 149, 222 -6, 233, 245 |
| Frederick III, king of Germany, emperor ( 1415-93), 280, 283, 293 |
| Frederick of Staufen, duke of Swabia (d. 1105), 145 |
| Friars, 269 ; see also Dominicans; Franciscans |
| Frisians, 63, 74 |
| Froissart, Jean (c. 1337-1400), 322 |
| Fugger family of Augsburg, 304 |
| Fulcher of Chartres (d.c. 1127), 221 |
| Fulk Nerra, count of Anjou (d. 1039), 154 |
| Gaeta, 211 | Byzantines in, 21 trade, 27 |
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| Gaimar V, prince of Salerno (d. 1052), 197 |
| Gaiseric, Vandal king (c. 390-477), 3 |
| Galicia, 190 |
| Gallipoli, capture of ( 1354), 242, 251 |
| Gama, Vasco da, 267, 327 |
| Gascony, 87, 88, 298 |
| Gaston IV, count of Bearn (d. 1130), 194 |
| Gaul: | barbarians in, 2 -3, 5, 49 | | Christianity in, 71, 73 | | Frankish, 65 -6, 76, 87 | | Islam in, 15 | | Roman, 59, 61 -2, 64 -5 | | see also France |
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| Gelasius II, pope (d. 1119), 194 |
| Geneva, 4, 65 |
| Genoa, 27, 217, 248, 328 | Columbus and, 267 | | trade, 213, 215, 235, 241, 255 ; rivals, 172, 212, 241, 245 |
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| Geoffrey 'the Handsome', count of Anjou (d. 1151), 152 |
| Gerard of Aurillac, St, life of, 128 |
| Gerard of Cremona (c. 1114-87), 195 |
| Gerard of Monforte (fl.c. 1030), 186 |
| Gerbert of Aurillac ( Pope Sylvester II) (d. 1003), 177 |
| Germany: | agriculture, 121 -2 | | art, 52 -3, 137, 318 -19 | | chivalry, 320 | | Christianity in, 68, 73 -5, 132 -3, 310 -11 | | fortifications, 118 | | kingdom of, 112, 137 -50, 280 | | population, 122, 304 | | slave trade, 123 | | warfare, 118, 299, 301 -2 | | see also Holy Roman Empire |
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| Geza II, king of Hungary (d. 1162), 146 |
| Ghent, 299, 303 |
| Ghibellines, 230 |
| Ghiberti, Lorenzo ( 1378-1455), 274 |
| Gibbon, Edward, vi |
| Giles, St (d.c. 700), 303 |