202, 203, 204, 210 ; ( 1244), 243
Holy Sepulchre, 208
kingdom of, 204 -10, 220
pilgrimage to, 184
Jews
money-lending, 123
in Spain, 15, 195, 247, 262 -3, 255, 265
trade, 213, 215
Joachim of Fiore (c. 1135-1202), 222
Joan of Arc, St ( 1412-31), 300, 308
Joanna 'la Beltraneja' (b. 1462), 263
John, abbot of Gorze (d. 974), 129
John I Tzimisces, Byzantine emperor (d. 976), 211 -12
John II Comnenus, Byzantine emperor (d. 1143), 170
John V Palaeologus, Byzantine emperor ( 1332-91), 242, 251 -2
John VI Cantacuzene, Byzantine emperor ( 1292?-1383), 241 -2
John, duke of Bedford (d. 1435), 291
John ('the Fearless'), duke of Burgundy ( 1371-1419), 252, 291, 316
John, king of England ( 1167-1216), v, 160, 325
John II ('the Good'), king of France ( 1319-64), 289, 290
John VII, pope (d. 707), 54
John VIII, pope (d. 882), 21
John XII, pope (d. 964), 176
John XXII, pope (d. 1334), 288, 309, 321
John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster ( 1340-99), 279
John Gualberto, St (c. 990-1073), 183
John Lascaris, ruler of Nicaea (d. 1260), 241
John of Luxemburg, king of Bohemia ( 1296-1346), 281
John of Salisbury (d. 1180), 200
John III Vatatzes, ruler of Nicaea (d. 1254), 239
Joseph, Irish scholar. (fl. 780s), 97
jousting, 320
Juana, see Joanna
Judicael, king of Brittany (fl. 630), 87
justice, administration of, 36 -7 see also law
Justin I, Byzantine emperor ( 450-527), 6
Justinian I (Flavius Anicius Justinianus), Byzantine emperor (c. 482-565), viii, 6 - 8, 9, 30, 34, 41, 44, 46, 49
law code, 6, 34, 36
Jutes, 63
Kairouan ( Tunisia), 24, 213
Kalavun, Mamluk sultan (fl. 1281), 245
Karlštejn castle, Bohemia, 279
Kent, 72, 73, 83 conversion of, 72 -3
Khwarazm, Muslim state, 244
Kiev, 107, 141
Killian, Irish missionary (d.c. 700), 74
kingship, 160 -1, 281 -3
Anglo-Saxon, 78, 83 -4; crusader, 204 -8; English, 277 ; Frankish, 78, 79 - 80, 85 -9, 93 ; French, 125, 152, 160 -1, 276, 277 -8, 283 -94; Germanic, 37, 125 -7, 133 -4, 137 -8, 149 -50, 277, 280 ; Irish, 78, 80, 82 -3, 85, 95 ; Spanish, 125, 277
crowning and anointing, 93, 277 -8, 289
emblems of, 276 -8, 283
and law, 77
see also Christianity, church and state
knighthood, 117 -18, 193, 326
chivalric orders, 321
see also feudalism; Military Orders
Knights Hospitaller, 209, 309
Knights of Our Lady of Montjoie, 209
Knights of St John the Baptist, 209
Knights Templar, 209, 308
Kossovo, battle of ( 1389), 251
Krak des Chevaliers Hospitaller castle, 245
Krum, Bulgar Khan (d. 814), 17

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