| Schleswig (Jutland), 85 |
| scholasticism, 178, 268 -9, 270 |
| Scotland, 71 -2, 119, 283 | settlers in Iceland, 107 | | Vikings in, 105 |
|
| Scott, Sir Walter, vi |
| Sebastea, stratēgos of, 167 |
| Sebastian, St (d. 288), 303 |
| Second Coming of Christ, 46 |
| Seljuk Turks, see under Turks |
| Septimania, Visigoths in, 91 |
| Serbia, 170, 242, 251, 252 |
| Seville, 246, 255 |
| Sforza, Francesco ( 1401-66), 261 |
| Shetland, Vikings in, 104 |
| ship design, 99 |
| Sichelgaita of Salerno, duchess of Apulia (d. 1090), 197 |
| Sicily: | Angevins in, 226 -7 | | Aragonese in, 253 | | Byzantines in, 21 | | German kings in, 149, 222 -3, 224, 225, 226 | | Justinian's invasion of, 7 | | Muslims in, 17, 30 | | Normans in, 119, 147, 197 - 201 | | Sicilian Vespers ( 1282), 227, 240 |
|
| Sidonius Apollinaris, bishop of Clermont (c. 430-c.485), 4, 49 |
| Siegfried, archbishop of Mainz (d. 1084), 132 |
| Siena: |
| Sigbert, king of East Anglia (fl.c.630), 83 -4 |
| Sigibert III, king of the Franks (d. 656), 87 |
| Sigismund, king of Hungary, emperor ( 1368-1437), 280, 282, 302, 311 |
| Sijilmasa, Muslim trade centre, 213 |
| silver, trade in, 99, 123 -4 |
| Simon de Varye (d.c. 1463), 318 |
| Sixtus IV, pope ( 1414-84), 262, 274 |
| slavery, 121, 123, 213, 266, 267 |
| Slavs, 7, 9, 17, 23, 24, 25, 31, 67, 76, 94, 118, 141, 142, 162, 212, 213 | religion, 75, 125 -6 | | revolt (982-3), 125, 142 | | written language, 76 |
|
| Soissons, 93 |
| Song of Roland, 94 |
| Sorbs, 86 |
| Southampton (Hamwic), 85 |
| Spain: | agriculture, 121 | | art, 55 | | barbarian invasions, 3 | | the 'Catholic Kings', 263 -6 | | Church in, 265 | | cultural life, 50 -1, 194 -5; Mozarabic, 15, 193 -4 | | Inquisition, 265 | | Islam in, 13, 15, 22, 265 ; see also Reconquista below | | Jews in, 13, 194 -5, 247, 255 | | kingship in, 125, 277 | | and the New World, 266 -7 | | Reconquista, ix, 94, 181, 189 -95, 246 -7, 264 -5, 268 | | social and economic life, 28, 32, 55 -8 | | trade, 32, 247, 255 | | Visigoths in, 5, 7, 13 - 15, 28, 34, 36, 55 | | see also Aragon; Castile; Catalonia; Galicia; Leon; Valencia |
|
| Split ( Yugoslavia), Diocletian's palace at, 25 |
| Stefan Dušan, Serbian king (c. 1308-55), 242 |
| Stephen, king of England ( 1096?-1154), 113 |
| Stephen I, St, king of Hungary (c. 975-1038), 125 |
| Stephen II, pope (d. 757), 93 |
| Stephen Nemanja, ruler of Serbia (d. 1195), 170 |
| Stephen of Valence (fl.1099), 203 |
| Stilicho, Flavius, Roman general (c. 359-408), 62 |
| Strangford Lough, sea-battle in, 105 |
| Strasbourg, 293 |