Lothar III, emperor (d. 1137), 110
Lothar, king of France (d. 986), 153
Lothar of Süpplingenburg, duke of Saxony (d. 1137), 146
Lotharingia, 138, 142, 144, 153, 293
Louis ('the German'), East Frankish king (d. 876), 98, 99, 110
Louis I ('the Pious'), Frankish king; emperor ( 778-840), 35, 91, 94, 96, 98, 101, 110
Louis II ('the Stammerer'), West Frankish king (d. 879), 102
Louis II, emperor ( 822-75), 21, 35, 38
Louis IV of Wittelsbach, emperor ( 1287?-1347), 288
Louis IV, king of France ( 921-54), 153
Louis V, king of France ( 966-87), 153, 154
Louis VI, ('the Fat'), king of France ( 1078-1137), 124, 125, 158
Louis VII, king of France ( 1120-80), 154, 159
Louis IX (St Louis), king of France ( 1215-70), 243, 244, 283 -5, 315, 324
Bible (c. 1250), 315
Louis XI, king of France ( 1423-83), 279, 293, 301
Louis I ('the Great'), king of Poland and Hungary ( 1326-82), 282
Louis de Bruges, lord of la Gruthuyse (d. 1492), 319
Louis de Mâle, count of Flanders and Artois (d. 1384), 290
Louis de Nevers, count of Flanders (d. 1346), 299
Louvain university, 319
Love, Nicholas, 314
Low Countries:
arts, 275, 316 -18, 321 -2, 329
commerce, 327
vernacular writings, 321 -2
see also Flanders; Holland; Netherlands
Lübeck, 149
Lucca ( Italy), 25, 26, 39, 176
Lucera ( Italy), Muslim settlement at, 223
Lull, archbishop of Mainz (d. 816), 75
Luttrell psalter (c. 1340), 316
Luxemburg, county of, 293
imperial house of, 280, 281
Luxueil ( Burgundy), monastery at, 71
Lycandus, stratēgos of, 167
Lyons, 4
Innocent IV at, 224
Macchiavelli, Niccolo ( 1469-1527), 230, 329
Madeira, 266
Maelrubai, abbot of Applecross (d. 722), 72
Magdeburg, archbishopric of, 125, 127, 131, 141, 142 -3
Magyars, 75, 116, 118, 119, 141, 153
dukes, 126
in Italy, 21
see also Hungary
Maine, 152, 295
Mainz:
archbishopric of, 74, 147
patrol boats found at, 61
Maitland, F. W., vii
Majorca, 246
Malalas, John ( 491?-578), 50
Manfred of Staufen, king of Sicily ( 1232-66), 225, 226, 240
Manichaeanism, 187
Mantzikert, battle of ( 1071), 169
Manuel I Comnenus, Byzantine emperor (c. 1120-80), 170, 172, 220
Margaret of Flanders, wife of Philip the Bold, 290, 309
Marica, River, battle at ( 1371), 251
marriage:
dynastic importance of, 110 -11, 153 -4, 290 -3
views of, 47
see also family
Marseilles, 28
abbey of Saint-Victor, 183

-385-