| Avis, house of ( Portugal), 254 |
| Azores, the, 266 |
| Babenberg, house of, 281 |
| Baghdad, viii, 15, 24, 30, 172 -3, 244 see also Islam, Abbasids |
| Bajezid I, sultan (d. 1403), 251, 252 |
| Baldwin I, count of Edessa, king of Jerusalem (d. 1118), 205 -8 |
| Baldwin I of Flanders, Latin emperor of Constantinople ( 1171-1206), 237 |
| Balkans: |
| Bamberg, missionary bishopric of, 126 |
| Bangor (Ulster), 71 |
| banking and finance, viii, 123 -4, 215, 235, 254, 255, 262, 278, 279, 290, 304 commenda, 215 see also Medici family |
| barbarian invasions, 2 - 11 |
| Barbarossa, see Frederick |
| Barbastro, Muslim ruler, 128 |
| Barcelona, 25, 247, 254 |
| Bardi, banking family, 255, 304 |
| Bari ( Italy), 17, 169, 184, 196, 201, 212 |
| Basil, St, of Cappadocia, bishop of Caesarea (c. 329-79), 42 -3, 182 |
| Basil I, Byzantine emperor (d. 886), 17 |
| Basil II, Byzantine emperor (d. 1025), 167, 168, 187, 212 |
| Basilica law code, 36 |
| Basle, Council of ( 1431-49), 309 -10 |
| Basques, 32, 87, 88 |
| Bavaria, 67, 89, 94, 138 |
| Baybars, Mamluk sultan ( 1233-77), 245 |
| Becket, see Thomas Becket |
| Bede, the Venerable (c. 673-735), 71, 72, 73, 78, 80, 83, 85 |
| Beirut, 245 |
| Belisarius, Byzantine general (c. 505-65), 6 |
| Benedict XII, pope (d. 1342), 309 |
| Benedict of Aniane (d. 821), 98 |
| Benedict Biscop ( 628?-90), 73 |
| Benedictines, 50, 183, 325 |
| Benevento, 21, 197 |
| Beowulf, 79 |
| Berengar II, count of Ivrea, king of Italy (d. 962), 175, 176 |
| Bernard, St, abbot of Clairvaux ( 1090-1153), 189 |
| Bernard, king of Italy (d. 817), 98 |
| Bernard-Aton IV, viscount of Carcassonne (d. 1129), 194 |
| Bernard Gaucelin, archbishop of Narbonne (d. 1191), 189 |
| Berne, 293 |
| Bernicia, Anglian kingdom, 63, 84 |
| Bertha, wife of Æthelbert of Kent, 73 |
| Biondo, Flavio, scholar ( 1392-1463), 271 |
| Birka ( Sweden), 75 |
| bishops, see episcopacy |
| Black Death, see bubonic plague |
| Bladelin, Pierre, financier of Bruges ( 15th century), 304, 317 |
| 'blood feud', 77 |
| Bobbio ( Italy), monastery at, 71 |
| Boccaccio, Giovanni ( 1313-75), v, 195, 328 |
| Boethius (c. 480-524), 5, 31, 49 |
| Bogomil, heretic ( 10 th century), 187 |
| Bohemia, duchy of, 141, 161, 162, 277, 280, 281, 302 -3, 304, 328 | Wends of, 86 -7 | | see also Hussites |
|
| Bohemond, prince of Taranto (d. 1111), 199, 201, 203 |
| Boleslav Chobry, duke and king of Poland (d. 1025), 125 -6, 142 -3 |
| Bologna, 256 |