| Paul 'the Deacon', historian (c. 720-c.799), 48, 97 |
| Paulinus, bishop of York and Rochester (d. 644), 73 |
| Pavia, Lombard capital, 37, 176 |
| peasantry, 23, 33 -4, 121, 255, 302, 303 |
| Peasants' Revolt ( 1381), 303 |
| Pelagonia, battle of ( 1259), 240 |
| Pelavicini, Uberto (d. 1269), 233 |
| Peloponnese: | Byzantine revival, 252 | | Frankish occupation of, 240, 242 |
|
| Périgord, 299 |
| Persia, 7, 10, 51 |
| Perugia, 219 |
| Peruzzi, Florentine bankers, v, 255, 304 |
| Peter II, king of Aragon (d. 1213), 180, 189 |
| Peter III, king of Aragon ( 1236-85), 227 |
| Peter I ('the Cruel'), king of Castile ( 1350-69), 254 |
| Peter of Bruis (d.c. 1130), 187 |
| Peter Damian, St ( 1007-72), 183, 186 |
| Peter the Hermit (? 1050-1115), 202 |
| Peter of Pisa (fl.680s), 97 |
| Peter of Toledo, Mozarabic scholar (fl.1140), 195 |
| Peter 'the Venerable', abbot of Cluny (d. 1156), 195 |
| Petrarch (Francesco Petrarca) ( 1304-74), 270, 273, 328 |
| Philip ('the Good'), duke of Burgundy ( 1396-1467), 278, 279, 291, 292, 300, 317, 321 |
| Philip, duke of Swabia, king of Germany (d. 1208), 149, 221, 224 |
| Philip I, king of France ( 1052-1108), 125, 154, 156 |
| Philip II Augustus, king of France ( 1165-1223), v, 112 -13, 159, 160 -1, 283 |
| Philip III, king of France ( 1245-85), 285 |
| Philip IV ('the Fair'), king of France ( 1268-1314), 229, 277, 285 -8, 289, 295, 298, 309, 325 |
| Philip VI (of Valois), king of France ( 1293-1350), 282, 288, 298, 309 |
| Philip de Rouvres ('the Bold'), duke of Burgundy ( 1342-1404), 290, 309 |
| Philippa of Hainault, queen of Edward III ( 1314?-1369?), 298 |
| Phocas, Byzantine emperor (d. 610), 9, 10, 31 |
| Photius, patriarch of Constantinople (c. 820-91), 52 |
| Piast dynasty ( Poland), 162 |
| Piacenza, 186 |
| Piccinino, Nicolò ( 1386-1444), 261 |
| Piccolomini, Aeneas Silvius ( 1405-64), 274, 275 |
| Picts, 59, 62, 63, 71, 72, 76, 82 the Cruthin, 82 |
| pilgrimage, 56, 71, 184 |
| Pippin I, mayor of Dagobert's palace (d.c. 640), 86, 90 |
| Pippin II (of Héristal), Frankish mayor and ruler (d. 715), 74, 90 |
| Pippin III, Frankish mayor, later Pippin I, king of the Franks (c. 715-68), 20, 74, 90 -1, 93, 94 |
| Pippin I, king of Aquitaine (d. 838), 98 |
| Pippin II, king of Aquitaine (d. 864), 98 |
| Pippin, king of Italy ( 777-810), 95 |
| Pirenne, Henri, historian, 29, 33 |
| Pisa, 27, 172, 217, 218 |
| Pius II, pope, see Piccolomini |
| place-names, 84, 104, 106 -7 |
| plague, see bubonic plague |
| plainchant, Gregorian, 93 |
| Plaisians, Guillaume de, French jurist, 288 |