Germany conquers Sicily
1196 At the Diet of Würzburg the German princes refuse to
make the monarchy hereditary
1197 Richard I completes the construction of a major new
fortress, Chateau Gaillard, to defend Rouen against
Philip Augustus' attacks
1198 Following Henry VI's death groups of German princes
elect his brother, Philip of Swabia, and Otto of
Brunswick, son of Henry the Lion, as king; civil war
ensues
1204 Crusaders capture Constantinople and establish Latin
Empire; Philip Augustus conquers Normandy and
Other Plantagenet lands in France
1210 St Francis meets Pope Innocent III and is given verbal
approval for his movement
1210-19 Albigensian Crusades in southern France against
Cather heretics
1212 Christian victory over Moors at Las Navas de Tolosa
in Spain
1212-50 Frederick II rules the German Empire and the kingdom
of Sicily
1214 Philip Augustus defeats the allied forces of the
Plantagenets and the German Empire at Bouvines
1215 Fourth Lateran Council held at Rome by Innocent III;
Paris University receives its first statutes
1216 Papal approval of Order of Preachers (Dominicans)
1217-21 Fifth Crusade captures and then loses Damietta in
Egypt
1220-2 First Mongol incursions. Bukhara and Samarkand
taken, 1220
1222 Foundation of the University of Padua
1226 Emperor Frederick II summons Diet of Cremona;
Lombard League of towns revives;
1226-83 Teutonic Knights conquer Prussia
1228-9 Crusade of Frederick II; truce with Sultan, Frederick
gains crown of Jerusalem
1230 Final unification of kingdoms of León and Castile
1231 Liber Augustalis, law code for Sicily, promulgated by
Frederick II
1236 Castilians capture Cordoba, former capital of Muslim
caliphate

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