Worms; Gregory excommunicates Henry and urges his subjects to rebel | |
1077 | Under threat of deposition Henry makes peace with Gregory but the rebels elect Rudolf of Rheinfelden as king in his place; civil war ensues |
1080 | Henry again withdraws his obedience from Gregory; he is again excommunicated |
1081 | Imperial confirmation of the customs of Pisa |
1082 | Alexius I Comnenus grants trading concessions to Venice |
1085 | Christians capture Toledo and reach River Tagus; Gregory VII dies at Salerno, having been driven from Rome by Henry IV |
1088 | Work starts on the third and largest church at Cluny |
1088-99 | Pope Urban II |
1092 | Alexius I Comnenus reforms Byzantine coinage |
1093 | Revolt of Henry VI's son Conrad |
1095 | Pope Urban II proclaims the First Crusade at Clermont |
1097 | First Crusade reaches Constantinople |
1098 | Siege of Antioch; Magnus of Norway seizes the Orkneys, Shetlands, and Isle of Man; Robert of Molesme founds Cîteaux |
1099 | Fall of Jerusalem to crusaders; Baldwin of Lorraine elected ruler |
1106 | Succession to Germany of Henry V after the forced abdication and death of his father; Henry I of England defeats his brother Robert at Tinchebrai and so gains the duchy of Normandy |
1107 | Henry I agrees not to invest bishops, save with the lands of their sees, but insists upon their homage and his continuing influence in elections |
1111 | Henry V is crowned emperor and forcibly extracts a concession of his right to invest bishops from Pope Paschal II; trading rights in Constantinople given to Pisans |
1112 | The inhabitants of Laon proclaim a commune and murder their bishop |
1113 | Peter Abelard opens his school in Paris |
1118 | Council of Toulouse plans Christian attack on Saragossa |
1121 | Abelard condemned at the council of Soissons |
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