Alboin, Lombard king (d. 574), 9
Albornoz, Gil Alvarez Carillo, cardinal ( 1300-67), 256
Alcuin of York ( 735-804), 75, 95, 96
Aleppo, 174
Alexander II, pope (d. 1073), 128
Alexandria, 42
trade with, 211
Alexius I Comnenus, Byzantine emperor ( 1048-1118), 168, 169 -70, 202, 203
Alexius II Comnenus, Byzantine emperor ( 1167-83), 220
Alexius IV Angelus, Byzantine emperor (d. 1204), 221
Alfonsi, Peter, Jewish scholar (fl. 1140), 195
Alfonso, count of Provence (d. 1209), 180
Alfonso I ('the Battler'), king of Aragon (d. 1134), 194
Alfonso II, king of Aragon (d. 1196), 180, 189
Afonso V ('the Magnanimous'), king of Aragon and Naples ( 1390-1458), 261
Alfonso VI, king of Léon-Castile (d. 1109), 183, 192, 193, 194
Alfonso VII, king of Castile (d. 1157), 125
Alfonso X ('the Wise'), king of Castile ( 1221-84), 247
Alfonso XI, king of Castile ( 1312-50), 254
Alfred ('the Great'), king of Wessex ( 849-99), 102, 103
allod, 115 -16, 180
Alphonse de Poitiers (d. 1271), 285
Alsace-Lorraine, 293
Amalfi:
Byzantines in, 21, 30
trade in, 27, 33, 211, 212
Amiens, 160
Anagni, papal palace at, 288
Anastasius, Byzantine emperor (d. 518), 6
Anatolia:
cultural life, 53
Islam and, 12
nomadic invasions of, 169, 170
Persians in, 10
urban decline in, 23, 24
Ancona, 212, 220
Andrew II, king of Hungary ( 1175-1235), 243
Andronicus I Comnenus, Byzantine emperor (d. 1185), 220
Andronicus II Palaeologus, Byzantine emperor ( 1260-1332), 241
Andronicus III Palaeologus, Byzantine emperor ( 1296?-1341), 241
Angers, church of Saint-Maurice, 321
Angevins:
in Byzantium, 240
in France, 152, 157, 160 -1, 295 - 301
in Italy, 226 -9
Angilbert, Frankish scholar (d. 814), 97
Angles, 63
Anglo-French war, see Hundred Years War
Anglo-Saxons:
kingship, 78, 83 -4
law, 77
religion, 71 -4
scholarship, 96
Anjou, 152
castles in, 118
duchy of, 295
house of, 114, 278, 289
see also Angevins
Anna Comnena, Byzantine historian ( 1083-1148), 117 -18
Anno, archbishop of Cologne (d. 1075), 144
Anskar, archbishop of Hamburg ( 801-65), 75
Antioch ( Syria), 42, 204, 205, 220
principality of, 245
siege of ( 1097-8), 202 -3
Antony, St ( 251?-356), 42
Antwerp, 329
apocalyptic, 222
Apulia, 200

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