997 Martyrdom of St Adalbert in Pomerania
999-1003 Pope Sylvester II ( Gerbert of Aurillac)
1000 King Olaf introduces Christianity to Sweden
1002-18 War between Henry II of Germany and Boleslav
Chobry of Poland
1007 Henry founds the see of Bamberg
1009 Martyrdom of St Bruno of Querfurt
1016 Cnut of Denmark becomes king of England, in 1019 of
Denmark too, and from 1029 to his death in 1035
also of Norway; first Normans in southern Italy
1016-17 Turkish raiders first reported in Armenia
1024 Boleslav Chobry becomes king of Poland
1032-3 Conrad II of Germany secures the kingdom of
Burgundy after the death without heir of King
Rudolf III
c. 1036 Foundation of monastery at Vallombrosa
1037 Constitutio de feudis
1049 Pope Leo IX condemns simony at the Councils of
Rheims and Mainz
1046-56 Minority of Henry IV of Germany; considerable loss of
crown lands
1054 Patriarch of Constantinople anathematizes Roman
Church: the key date in the Schism between
Orthodox and Catholic Churches
1055 Seljuks capture Baghdad
c. 1056-75 Patarene heretics in Milan
1059-61 Pope Nicholas II
1059 Election Decree on appointment of pope; Robert
Guiscard becomes duke of Apulia and Calabria
1061 Roger I the 'Great Count' invades Sicily
1066 Harald Hardrada of Norway invades England and is
defeated and killed at Stamford Bridge; Duke
William of Normandy defeats King Harold of
England at Hastings and gains the English crown
1071 First Saxon revolt against Henry IV; battle of
Mantzikert: Byzantines defeated by Turks; Bari falls
to Normans
1073-85 Pope Gregory VII
1075 Henry defeats the rebels at the battle of the Unstrut
1076 Henry and the German bishops withdraw their
recognition from Pope Gregory VII at the Diet of

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