J. V. A. Fine, The Early Medieval Balkans ( Ann Arbor, Mich., 1983), a good synthesis of recent research.
C. Foss, Byzantine and Turkish Sardis ( Cambridge, Mass., 1976), like his Ephesus after Antiquity ( Cambridge, Mass., 1979), traces the evolution of a Byzantine city, but his views have met with some criticism.
R. J. H. Jenkins, Byzantium, the Imperial Centuries, A.D. 610-1071 ( London, 1966), sound but unimaginative.
C. Mango, Byzantium. The Empire of New Rome ( London, 1980), the most stimulating of many surveys of Byzantine civilization; concentrates on the early period.
D. Obolensky, The Byzantine Commonwealth ( London, 1971), a masterly account of Byzantium's relations with her Balkan neighbours.
G. Ostrogorsky, History of the Byzantine State ( 2nd edn. Oxford, 1968), the best political handbook, although some of his conclusions are now questioned.
A. A. M. Bryer and J. Herrin (eds.), Iconoclasm ( Birmingham, 1977), an invaluable collection of papers from a symposium.
P. Brown, Augustine of Hippo ( London, 1967), a masterly biography, full of insights into the life of the fifth-century Church.
J. Hussey, The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire ( Oxford, 1986), a thorough and scholarly survey.
C. H. Lawrence, Medieval Monasticism ( London, 1984), one of the few treatments of a surprisingly neglected subject, rather cursory on the early Middle Ages.
J. M. Richards, Consul of God ( London, 1980), a clear but limited biography of Pope Gregory the Great.
----- The Popes and the Papacy in the Early Middle Ages, 476-752 ( London, 1979), a straightforward account which eschews some wider theoretical issues.
C. Courtois, Les Vandales et l'Afrique ( Paris, 1955), the best survey of the Vandal kingdom.
D. Pringle, The Defence of Byzantine Africa from Justinian to the Arab Conquest ( Oxford, 1981), discusses politics and administration as well as military and archaeological developments.
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