| The Mediterranean in the reign of Justinian | 8 |
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| Visigothic and Arabic Spain | 14 |
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| Byzantium and her eastern and Balkan neighbours in the ninth century 16 | |
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| Lombard and Byzantine Italy | 18 |
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| The political fragmentation of Italy, c.900 | 19 |
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| Movements of peoples in the fifth century | 58 |
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| Northern Europe, c.600 | 81 |
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| The Carolingian Empire at the treaty of Verdun, 843 | 92 |
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| The German kingdom in the tenth century | 140 |
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| The duchy of Saxony under Henry the Lion | 148 |
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| The Angevin lands in 1154 | 151 |
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| Philip I of France's royal demesne | 156 |
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| The Byzantine Empire, c.1025 | 166 |
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| The Christian Reconquista in Spain | 191 |
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| Latin power in the Near East | 207 |
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| Western trade with Islam in the ninth to eleventh centuries | 214 |
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| The Balkans (a) in 1216, (b) in 1400 | 238 |
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| The states of the west in the later Middle Ages | 284 |
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| France and the German Empire, c. 1450 | 292 |
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| The Hundred Years War (a) in the fourteenth century, | 296
| (b) in the fifteenth century 297 |
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