M. G. A. Vale, Charles VII ( London, 1974).

For Burgundy, the four volumes by Richard Vaughan: Philip the Bold ( London, 1962), John the Fearless ( 1966), Philip the Good ( 1970), and Charles the Bold ( 1973) are good political narratives, and his Valois Burgundy ( 1975) gives a concise summary of the Valois dukes and their reigns.

C. A. J. Armstrong, England, France and Burgundy in the Fifteenth Century ( London, 1983), a valuable series of essays.

GERMANY

F. R. H. Du Boulay, Germany in the Later Middle Ages ( London, 1983), the most recent study of later medieval Germany in English.

Bohemia has received more attention from English-speaking scholars than other parts of the German Empire, especially from R. R. Betts, Studies in Czech History ( London, 1969).

H. Kaminsky, A History of the Hussite Revolution ( Berkeley, 1967), an excellent survey.

F. Heymann, George of Bohemia, King of Heretics ( Princeton, 1965).

H. J. Cohn, The Government of the Rhine Palatinate in the Fifteenth Century ( Oxford, 1965).

M. Burleigh, Prussian Society and the German Order ( Cambridge, 1984); two more specialized studies of important aspects of German history.

THE CHURCH

R. W. Southern, Western Society and the Church in the Middle Ages (Harmondsworth, 1970), particularly valuable.

Y. Renouard, The Avignon Papacy 1305-1403, trans. D. Bethell ( London, 1970).

C. M. D. Crowder, Unity, Heresy and Reform, 1378-1460 ( London, 1977); both books cover the Avignonese and Conciliar periods.

E. F. Jacob, Essays in the Conciliar Epoch ( Oxford, 1953).

G. Leff, Heresy in the Later Middle Ages ( 2. vols., Manchester, 1967), for religious movements and ideas.

E. Le Roy Ladurie, Montaillou, trans. B. Bray ( London, 1978).

B. Hamilton, The Medieval Inquisition ( London, 1981).

L. K. Little, Religious Poverty and the Profit Economy in Medieval Europe ( London, 1978).

M. Aston, The Fifteenth Century: The Prospect of Europe ( London, 1968).

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