1156 Frederick Barbarossa restores Bavaria to Henry the
Lion, who is already duke of Saxony; the former
duke of Bavaria, Henry Jasomirgott, is compensated
with Austria
1158 Roncaglia Decrees
1159 John of Salisbury produces his Policraticus, a work of
political observation drawing heavily upon classical
authors
1160 Work begins on the construction of the first Gothic
cathedral, Laon; Notre Dame is begun in 1163
1166 Revolt of Serbians under Stephan Nemanja
1167 Formation of the Lombard League
1168 Henry the Lion marries Matilda, daughter of Henry II
of England
1169 In the peace of Montmirail Louis VII insists that Henry
II must divide his lands between his sons
1171 Downfall of Fatimid caliphate in Cairo
1173 Revolt of Henry, son of Henry II, supported by Louis
VII
1176 Byzantine defeat at Myriocephalon
1180 Henry the Lion deprived of his duchies; he is forced
into exile the following year
1181 Henry II's sons again rebel
1182 Massacre of Latins in Constantinople
1185 By the treaty of Boves Philip Augustus substantially
increases the French crown lands at the expense of
Count Philip of Flanders; Revolt of Bulgarians under
Peter and Asen; Thessalonica sacked by Normans
1187 Battle of Hattin; Saladin captures Jerusalem
1188 Another rebellion by Henry II's sons, aided by Philip
Augustus
1189-91 During the absence of Frederick Barbarossa on crusade
Henry the Lion attempts to recover Saxony but is
defeated
1192-4 Philip Augustus returns early from crusade and takes
advantage of Richard I of England's absence and
captivity to secure border fortresses in Normandy;
Edicts against Cathars by rulers of Montpellier and
Aragon
1194 Chartres cathedral largely destroyed by fire; work
begins on its Gothic rebuilding; Henry VI of

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