| Marsilius of Padua (c. 1275-1342), v, 272 |
| Martianus Capella (fl. early 15th century), 49 |
| Martin, St, bishop of Tours (d. 397), 43, 68 |
| Martin V, pope (d. 1431), 309, 310, 312 |
| Mary, heiress of Burgundy (d. 1482), 293 |
| Masaccio (Tommaso Guidi), ( 1401-c. 1428), 274 |
| Matilda, countess of Tuscany (d. 1115), 145 |
| Matilda, empress ( 1102-67), 109, 110 |
| Matilda, wife of Henry the Lion (d. 1181), 109, 110, 111 |
| Matthew of Arras (fl. 1350-70), 317 |
| Matthew of Edessa, historian (d. 1136), 168 |
| Matthias Corvinus, king of Hungary (c. 1443-1490), 283 |
| Maurice, Byzantine emperor (d. 602), 9, 10 |
| Maximilian I, emperor ( 1459-1519), 281, 293, 302, 320, 321 |
| Medici, Cosimo de' ( 1389-1464), 261 |
| Medici family, Florentine bankers, v, 258, 262, 293, 304 |
| Mehun-sur-Yèvre castle, 279 |
| Melfi, Synod of ( 1059), 197 |
| Memling, Hans (c. 1440-94), 329 |
| Mercia, Vikings in, 101, 106 -7 |
| Merovingian kingdom, 66, 78, 87 -8, 90 |
| Merseburg, see of, 127 |
| Methodius, St, apostle to the Slavs ( 826-85), 75 |
| Michael, archangel, 184 |
| Michael VIII Palaeologus, Byzantine emperor ( 1234-82), 240, 241 |
| Michelangelo ( 1475-1564), 329 |
| Middle English, 322 |
| Midi, the, 179 |
| Mieszko I, duke of Poland (d. 992), 125, 126, 138 |
| Mikulčice ( Czechoslovakia), excavations at, 75 |
| Milan, 26, 58, 176, 178, 216, 218 | archbishops of, 217 | | commune, 217 | | cultural life, 50, 274 | | heresy in, 186, 189 | | plague, 249 | | rivalry with Florence, 260 -1 | | trade, 27, 211 | | Visconti rulers, 257, 258 |
|
| Military Orders, 209, 245, 309 | see also knighthood; Knights |
|
| Minorca, 246 |
| Mistra ( Greece), 252 |
| Modena, 28 |
| Moira, battle of ( 637), 82 |
| Molinet, Jean (d. 1507), 322 |
| monasticism: | cultural influence, 54, 136 -7 | | eastern, 42 -3, 44, 182 -3; in Outremer, 208 ; solitaries, vi, 42, 182 | | western, 43 -4, 128 -31, 183 -4, 200, 313 -14, 325 ; in northern Europe, 69 - 71, 89, 93, 126 ; Viking attacks on, 101 -5 | | see also individual orders |
|
| Monforte, castle of ( Piedmont), 186 |
| Mongols: |
| Monkwearmouth, monastery at, 73 |
| Monophysitism, 11, 40 |
| Mons, 316 |
| Monte Amiata, monastery at, 44 |
| Monte Cassino, Benedictine monastery, 43, 44, 54, 183 |
| Monte Gargano ( Italy), shrine on, 184 |
| Montereau, murder of John the Fearless at, 291 |
| Montmirail, Peace of ( 1169), 160 |
| Moravia, 137 |
| Moreel family of Bruges, 304 |
| Morosini family of Venice, 218 |
| Morrone, Pietro, see Celestine V |
| Mosul, 174 |