1291 | Fall of Acre to Muslims: end of western Christian rule of Outremer |
1293 | 'Ordinances of Justice' passed in Florence, excluding magnate families from participation in government |
1294 | Outbreak of war between England and France over Gascony; beginnings of Philip the Fair's conflict with Pope Boniface VIII |
1297 | 'Serrata' of Venice's Great Council, limiting membership to established families with hereditary rights |
1302 | Boniface VIII defines papal power at its most extreme in the bull Unam Sanctam; French defeat at the hands of the Flemings at Courtrai; treaty of Caltabellotta brings truce between Sicily and Naples |
1306 | Death of Wenceslas III, last Přemysl king of Bohemia |
1307-12 | Philip the Fair's attack on the Templars leads to their destruction by Clement V |
1309-77 | Papacy at Avignon |
1310-13 | Expedition of Emperor Henry VII of Italy, last major military intervention of emperors in the peninsula |
1311 | Catalan Company establishes control over Athens |
1312 | Council of Vienne |
1315-17 | European harvest failures and famine |
1321 | Death in Ravenna of the Florentine poet Dante Alighieri |
1321-8 | Civil war in Byzantium |
1323-8 | Risings against the king of France and count of Flanders by the Flemings, ending with their defeat at Cassel ( 1328) |
1324 | Marsilius of Padua completes Defensor pacis, radical treatise on government fiercely critical of the papacy |
1324-6 | Anglo-French war of St Sardos breaks out over a boundary dispute in Gascony |
1326 | Ottomans capture Byzantine town of Bursa |
1327-9 | Emperor Louis on campaign in Italy |
1328 | Death of Charles IV, last Capetian king of France; accession of Philip VI, first Valois king |
1331 | Nicaea falls to Ottomans |
1333 | Byzantines pay tribute to Ottomans |
1337 | Outbreak of the Hundred Years War between England and France |
-362-