Canosa di Puglia ( Sicily), mausoleum of Bohemond at, 201
Canossa, meeting of Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII at ( 1077), 133, 145
Canterbury (Kent), 73
Cape Verde Islands, 266
Capet, Hugh, king of France (c. 938-96), 131, 153 -4
Capetian dynasty, 106, 153, 154 -61, 277, 281, 283 -8, 295 -8
capitalism, 304
Capua, 21, 197
Carcassonne, 180, 307
Carloman, brother of Pippin III (fl.740), 91, 93
Carmelites, 313
Carolingian dynasty, 86, 89 - 99, 103, 106, 115 -16
'Carolingian Renaissance', 54, 89, 97 -8
Carthage, Muslim capture of, 13
Carthusians, 313 -14
Casimir ('the Great'), king of Poland ( 1310-70), 282
Cassian, John (c. 360-435), 43
Cassiodorus (c. 484-c.580), 5, 43, 49
Castelseprio, frescos at, 54
Castile, kingdom of, 249, 254, 255, 289
separation from/reunion with León, 190, 246
union with Aragon, 253, 254, 263 -4
wool trade, 255
castles, 118 -19, 124, 279 -80
see also fortifications and under place-names
Catalonia, 180, 192, 255, 264
Catalan Company, 242
Usatches, 181
Cathars, vi, 188, 243, 283, 306, 307
Albigensian Crusade, 243, 283, 307
cathedrals, 234, 326
chapters, 50
see also under individual placenames
Caxton, William ( 1420?-91), 319
Cefalù cathedral, 201
Celestine I, pope (d. 432), 69
Celestine III, pope (d. 1198), 149
Celestine V, pope ( 1215-96), 228, 305, 308
'Celts', 76
Centulo II, count of Bigorre (fl. 1134), 194
Ceuta, 266
Chalcedon, Council of ( 451), 40
Champagne, counts of, 124
Charlemagne, Frankish king, emperor (c. 742-814), ix, 20 -1, 74 -5, 91, 93 -8, 99, 101, 112 -13, 175, 277, 289, 326
coronation of, 60, 95
'Roman Empire' of, see Holy Roman Empire
Charles ('the Good'), count of Flanders (d. 1127), 114, 158
Charles ('the Bold'), duke of Burgundy ( 1433-77), 283, 293, 320
Charles, duke of Lorraine (d. 992), 154
Charles IV, king of Bohemia, emperor ( 1316-78), 279, 311, 317, 323
Charles I ('the Bald'), king of France ( Charles II, emperor) ( 823-77), 98, 99, 102, 113, 114
Charles II ('the Fat'), king of France ( Charles III, emperor) ( 839-87), 152
Charles III ('the Simple') king of France ( 879-929), 103, 150, 152 -3
Charles IV, king of France ( 1294-1328), 281
Charles V ('the Wise'), king of France ( 1337-80), 289, 309
Charles VI ('the Foolish'), king of France ( 1368-1422), 289
Charles VII, king of France ( 1403-61), 279, 291, 300, 301, 318
Charles VIII ('the Affable'), king of France ( 1470-98), 300, 318

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