| Charles ('the Bad'), king of Navarre (d. 1387), 299 |
| Charles (of Anjou), king of Sicily ( 1225-85), 226, 227 |
| Charles Martel ('the Hammer'), Frankish ruler (c. 688-741), 15, 74, 90, 91 |
| Charsianon, stratēgos of, 167 |
| Chartres cathedral, 121, 136, 326 |
| Chastellain, Georges (c. 1405-75), 322 |
| Chaucer, Geoffrey (c. 1343-1400), 195, 322, 327, 328 |
| Chevalier, Étienne (d. 1472), 318 |
| Childeric, Merovingian king (d. 481/2), 65 |
| Childeric III, Merovingian king (dep. 751), 93 |
| Chilperic, Merovingian king (d. 584), 70 |
| chivalry, vi, 268, 269, 320 -1, 326 see also knighthood |
| Chlothar I, Merovingian king ( 511-61), 67 |
| Chlothar II, Merovingian king (d. 629), 86, 88 |
| Chrétien de Troyes (fl. 1160-90), 320 |
| Christianity: | and chivalry, 320 -1 | | church and state, 40 -1, 44 -5, 111 -12, 124 -34, 175, 176, 208, 265, 277, 285 ; see also Investiture controversy | | devotional life: Books of Hours, 316 ; devotio moderna, 313 ; Liturgy, 48 ; popular devotion, 42, 317 -18 | | Eastern Church, 39 - 40, 41 -2, 45, 239 ; ecumenical councils, 42 | | literature, 42, 48 | | medieval world-view, 46 -7 | | preaching, 96 -7 | | reforms, 96 -7, 98, 132, 157, 177, 181, 181 -9, 228 -9, 305, 309 -10 | | sacraments, 312 ; baptism, 68, 75, 186, 314 ; mass, 312 | | spread and influence of, viii, 39 40, 45 -8, 163 ; missionary activity, 43, 65, 67 - 75, 125 -6 | | Trinitarian disputes, 40 ; filioque clause, 45 | | unity and divisions, 39 - 45, 239 ; see also Eastern/Western Church | | Western Church, viii, 4 5, 181 -2, 239, 324 -5 | | see also episcopacy; monasticism |
|
| Christine de Pisan, French poetess (c. 1363-1431), 289 |
| Chrodegang, bishop of Metz (d. 766), 91 -2 |
| Chrysoloras, Manuel ( 1350-1415), 271 |
| churches, see under place-names |
| Cicero, Marcus Tullius ( 106-43 BC), 270, 271, 272 |
| Cistercians, 130 -1, 189, 306, 313, 325 |
| cities, see urban life |
| Civitate, battle of ( 1053), 197 |
| classical culture, influence of, 48 -9, 50 -3, 56, 97, 269 -73 | see also under Greek; Latin |
|
| Clement V, pope (d. 1314), 288, 309 |
| Clement VI, pope (d. 1352), 309 |
| clergy, 303, 313 -14, 316 |
| Clermont, Council of ( 1095), 128, 202 |
| clock-making, 236 |
| Clovis, king of the Franks ( 465-511), 5, 65 -7, 68, 88 |
| Clovis II, Merovingian king (d. 657), 87 |
| Cluniacs, 128, 129, 131, 183 -4, 193 |
| Cluny abbey, 121, 129, 130, 136 |
| coinage/currency, 35, 36, 84, 105, 124, 169 -70, 241, 254 |
| Cologne: |