| Colonna family of Rome, 229, 289, 308 |
| Columba, St, abbot of Iona ( 521-91), 71 -2 |
| Columbanus, St, Irish nobleman (d. 615), 70 -1, 89 |
| Columbus, Christopher ( 1451-1506), 267, 268, 327 |
| Comacchio, 27 |
| communes, 216 -19 |
| Compostella: |
| Conciliar Movement, 309 -10 |
| Congal Cáech, king of the Cruthin (d. 637), 82, 83 |
| Conrad I, king of Germany (d. 918), 137 |
| Conrad II, king of Germany, emperor (c. 990-1039), 143, 176 |
| Conrad III, king of Germany (d. 1152), 146 |
| Conrad IV, king of Germany, ( 1228-54), 280 |
| Conrad, son of Henry IV of Germany ( 1074-1101), 145 |
| Conradin of Swabia ( 1252-68), 225 |
| Constance (of Burgundy), queen of León-Castile (fl. 1080), 183 |
| Constance, queen of Sicily (d. 1198), 201, 223, 226 |
| Constance: | Council of ( 1414-17), 275, 309, 311 | | peace of ( 1183), 178 | | treaties of: ( 1153), 147 ; ( 1183), 219 |
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| Constantine I, Flavius Valerius ('the Great'), Roman emperor (c. 285-337), 1, 34, 40 |
| Constantine III, Flavius Claudius, emperor (d. 411), 62, 64 |
| Constantine V, Byzantine emperor (d. 775), 24 |
| Constantine VII, Porphyrogenites, Byzantine emperor (d. 959), 107 |
| Constantius, Roman emperor (d. 421), 3 |
| Constantius, usurper (d. 411), 3 |
| Constantinople, viii, 2, 7, 9, 23, 30, 167, 175, 202 | art and architecture, 53 ; St Sophia, 8, 53, 54 | | court life, 37, 38 | | cultural life, 31, 51, 54 | | fall of ( 1204), 219 -20, 239 | | Golden Horn, 212 | | 'Latin Empire', 237 -8 | | patriarchate, 41, 42 | | pilgrimage to, 184 | | Studium monastery, 44, 51 | | trade, 107, 212 -13, 219 -20 | | Turkish capture of ( 1453), 261, 301, 312 | | see also Byzantium |
|
| Cordoba, viii, 24, 123, 246 |
| Corinth, decline of, 24 |
| Cosmas, 10th-century priest, 187 -8 |
| Cosmas Indicopleustes (fl. 547-9), 46 |
| Crà 9 cy, battle of ( 1346), 281 |
| Cremona, 27, 186, 211 | diet at ( 1226), 224 | | uprising ( 924), 58 |
|
| Crete: | Arab invasion ( 828), 17, 30 |
|
| Croatia, 162, 170, 220 |
| crusades, viii, ix, 128, 194, 210, 228, 243, 264, 311 -12, 324 | First, 119, 169, 174, 181, 199, 202 -4 | | Second, 208 | | Fourth, 219, 221, 237, 243 | | Fifth and Sixth, 243, 244 | | Seventh and Eighth, 243 -4 | | Albigensian, 243, 283, 307 |
|
| Cyprian, St (c. 200-58), 46 |
| Cyprus, 30 |
| Cyriac of Ancona (c. 1390-1455), 271 |
| Cyril, St, apostle of the Slavs ( 827-69), 75 |
| Dagobert I, king of the Franks (d. 638). vi, 84, 85, 86 -9 |
| Dál nAraidi, Irish kingdom, 82 |