Paul 'the Deacon', historian (c. 720-c.799), 48, 97
Paulinus, bishop of York and Rochester (d. 644), 73
Pavia, Lombard capital, 37, 176
kingdom of, 21
trade, 17, 211
peasantry, 23, 33 -4, 121, 255, 302, 303
Peasants' Revolt ( 1381), 303
Pelagonia, battle of ( 1259), 240
Pelavicini, Uberto (d. 1269), 233
Peloponnese:
Byzantine revival, 252
Frankish occupation of, 240, 242
Périgord, 299
Persia, 7, 10, 51
Perugia, 219
Peruzzi, Florentine bankers, v, 255, 304
Peter II, king of Aragon (d. 1213), 180, 189
Peter III, king of Aragon ( 1236-85), 227
Peter I ('the Cruel'), king of Castile ( 1350-69), 254
Peter of Bruis (d.c. 1130), 187
Peter Damian, St ( 1007-72), 183, 186
Peter the Hermit (? 1050-1115), 202
Peter of Pisa (fl.680s), 97
Peter of Toledo, Mozarabic scholar (fl.1140), 195
Peter 'the Venerable', abbot of Cluny (d. 1156), 195
Petrarch (Francesco Petrarca) ( 1304-74), 270, 273, 328
Philip ('the Good'), duke of Burgundy ( 1396-1467), 278, 279, 291, 292, 300, 317, 321
Philip, duke of Swabia, king of Germany (d. 1208), 149, 221, 224
Philip I, king of France ( 1052-1108), 125, 154, 156
Philip II Augustus, king of France ( 1165-1223), v, 112 -13, 159, 160 -1, 283
Philip III, king of France ( 1245-85), 285
Philip IV ('the Fair'), king of France ( 1268-1314), 229, 277, 285 -8, 289, 295, 298, 309, 325
Philip VI (of Valois), king of France ( 1293-1350), 282, 288, 298, 309
Philip de Rouvres ('the Bold'), duke of Burgundy ( 1342-1404), 290, 309
Philippa of Hainault, queen of Edward III ( 1314?-1369?), 298
Phocas, Byzantine emperor (d. 610), 9, 10, 31
Photius, patriarch of Constantinople (c. 820-91), 52
Piast dynasty ( Poland), 162
Piacenza, 186
Piccinino, Nicolò ( 1386-1444), 261
Piccolomini, Aeneas Silvius ( 1405-64), 274, 275
Picts, 59, 62, 63, 71, 72, 76, 82 the Cruthin, 82
pilgrimage, 56, 71, 184
Pippin I, mayor of Dagobert's palace (d.c. 640), 86, 90
Pippin II (of Héristal), Frankish mayor and ruler (d. 715), 74, 90
Pippin III, Frankish mayor, later Pippin I, king of the Franks (c. 715-68), 20, 74, 90 -1, 93, 94
Pippin I, king of Aquitaine (d. 838), 98
Pippin II, king of Aquitaine (d. 864), 98
Pippin, king of Italy ( 777-810), 95
Pirenne, Henri, historian, 29, 33
Pisa, 27, 172, 217, 218
Council of ( 1409), 309
trade, 212 -13, 235
Pius II, pope, see Piccolomini
place-names, 84, 104, 106 -7
plague, see bubonic plague
plainchant, Gregorian, 93
Plaisians, Guillaume de, French jurist, 288

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