abdicates, ending conciliar period; Anglo-French truce broken by English raid on border fortress of Fougères | |
1449-50 | French recover Normandy from the English |
1451 | First French recovery of Gascony |
1451-3 | War between duke of Burgundy and the city of Ghent |
1453 | Constantinople falls to the Ottomans and becomes their capital; second (and final) French recovery of Gascony: only Calais remains in English hands |
1454-5 | Pacification of Italy with the Peace of Lodi and the Italic League |
1458 | George Podiebrady, a moderate Hussite noble, succeeds to the throne of Bohemia |
1460 | Turks complete their occupation of the Peloponnese |
1461 | Death of Charles VII of France; accession of Louis XI |
1462 | Cape Verde islands discovered and colonized by Portuguese |
1465 | War of the Public Weal in France in which many great nobles, including the future Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy, rise against Louis XI |
1467 | Death of Philip the Good, duke of Burgundy and accession of Charles the Bold |
1468 | Destruction of the town of Liege by Charles the Bold after its rebellion; marriage between Charles and Edward IV of England's sister, Margaret of York; Anglo-Burgundian alliance against France formally renewed |
1469 | Marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile paves the way for the union of their two crowns |
1470 | Turks capture Venetian garrison of Negropont in the Aegean Sea |
1470-1 | Edward IV of England, exiled to Burgundian dominions after temporary restoration of Henry VI, recovers the throne with Burgundian aid; unsuccessful Burgundian invasion of France |
1475 | English invasion of northern France in alliance with Burgundy bought off by Louis Xl |
1475-7 | Campaigns of Charles the Bold of Burgundy in Alsace- Lorraine |
1477 | Defeat and death of Charles the Bold at Nancy ends |
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