Tyrrhenian and Adriatic seas | |
814 | Louis the Pious succeeds Charlemagne as emperor |
814-21 | Monastic reform movement of St Benedict of Aniane |
815-43 | Second wave of iconoclasm in Byzantium |
c. 823 | Capture of Crete by Muslim pirates from Spain |
824 | Establishment of independent kingdom of Pamplona |
827 | Arab invasion of Sicily |
838 | Major Arab invasion of Anatolia leading to sack of city of Amorium |
840 | Vikings found settlement at Dublin |
843 | Carolingian Empire split up by treaty of Verdun; end of iconoclasm in Byzantine Empire |
846 | Sack of the Vatican by Arab pirates |
849 | Splitting up of Lombard principality of Benevento |
c. 850 | Dissemination of forged 'Isidorian Decretals' (canon law decrees), greatly increasing authority of the papacy |
860 | First attack on Constantinople by Kiev Vikings (Rus) |
863 | Mission of Cyril and Methodius to the Slavs |
863-79 | Period of schism between eastern and western Churches |
864 | Conversion to orthodoxy of Bulgar Khan Boris |
865 | The Viking 'Great Army' moves from France to England |
867 | Beginning of Macedonian dynasty in Byzantium |
c. 870 | Viking discovery of Iceland |
875 | Political fragmentation of kingdom of Italy following death of Louis II |
876 | Beginning of Byzantine reconquest of southern Italy |
878 | Failure of Viking assault on Wessex; Arab capture of Syracuse, Byzantine capital of Sicily |
c. 886-c. 1025 | Macedonian Renaissance in Byzantium |
888 | Odo, count of Paris becomes king of West Francia |
888-90 | Emergence of independent kings in Burgundy and Provence |
894 | Invasion of Byzantine territory by Tsar Symeon of Bulgaria |
899 | Hungarian raids in Italy |
c. 900 | Resurgence of Byzantine power in Balkans and Anatolia |
906 | Magyars destroy the kingdom of Moravia and begin almost annual raids into western Europe |
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