Germany conquers Sicily | |
1196 | At the Diet of Würzburg the German princes refuse to make the monarchy hereditary |
1197 | Richard I completes the construction of a major new fortress, Chateau Gaillard, to defend Rouen against Philip Augustus' attacks |
1198 | Following Henry VI's death groups of German princes elect his brother, Philip of Swabia, and Otto of Brunswick, son of Henry the Lion, as king; civil war ensues |
1204 | Crusaders capture Constantinople and establish Latin Empire; Philip Augustus conquers Normandy and Other Plantagenet lands in France |
1210 | St Francis meets Pope Innocent III and is given verbal approval for his movement |
1210-19 | Albigensian Crusades in southern France against Cather heretics |
1212 | Christian victory over Moors at Las Navas de Tolosa in Spain |
1212-50 | Frederick II rules the German Empire and the kingdom of Sicily |
1214 | Philip Augustus defeats the allied forces of the Plantagenets and the German Empire at Bouvines |
1215 | Fourth Lateran Council held at Rome by Innocent III; Paris University receives its first statutes |
1216 | Papal approval of Order of Preachers (Dominicans) |
1217-21 | Fifth Crusade captures and then loses Damietta in Egypt |
1220-2 | First Mongol incursions. Bukhara and Samarkand taken, 1220 |
1222 | Foundation of the University of Padua |
1226 | Emperor Frederick II summons Diet of Cremona; Lombard League of towns revives; 1226-83 Teutonic Knights conquer Prussia |
1228-9 | Crusade of Frederick II; truce with Sultan, Frederick gains crown of Jerusalem |
1230 | Final unification of kingdoms of León and Castile |
1231 | Liber Augustalis, law code for Sicily, promulgated by Frederick II |
1236 | Castilians capture Cordoba, former capital of Muslim caliphate |
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