| Aachen, 94, 95, 98, 99 |
| 'Abd Allah, ruler of Granada, 192 |
| 'Abd ar-Rahman, Arab leader (d. 732.), 90 |
| Abelard, Peter ( 1079-1142), x, 135 -6 |
| Achaia, Frankish kingdom of, 240 |
| Acre, 245 |
| Adalbero, archbishop of Rheims (d. 988), 153 -4 |
| Adalbert, archbishop of Bremen (d. 1072), 144, 145 |
| Adalbert, St, bishop of Prague ( 939-97), 126, 142 |
| Adaloald, Lombard king (d. 626), 37 |
| Adela of Champagne, wife of Louis VII (d. 1206), 159 |
| Adelaide, St, wife of Lothair II and Otto I ( 931?-99), 141, 175 |
| Adolf of Nassau, emperor 1250?-98), 280 |
| Adomnán, abbot of Iona (d. 704), 71 |
| Adrian IV, pope (d. 1159), 219 |
| Adrianople, 251 |
| Æthelberht, king of Kent (d. 616), 73, 83 |
| Æthelfrith, king of Bernicia (d. 616), 84 |
| Aëtius, Roman general (c. 390-454), 3 - 4, 65 |
| Africa: | Christianity in, 40 | | Islam in, 13, 32, 196 ; Aghlabids, 15, 30 ; Almoravids, 194 | | Portuguese in, 266 -7 | | trade, 30, 32, 213 | | Vandal invasion, 3 |
|
| Agenais, province of, 294 |
| 'ages of the world', 221 |
| Agilulf, Lombard king (d. 616), 10, 37 |
| Agnellus of Ravenna, historian (c. 800-50), 22, 47 |
| Agnes of Poitou (d. 1077), 143 |
| Agnolo di Tura del Grasso, Sienese chronicler ( 14th century), 249 |
| agriculture, 120 -2, 250 |
| Aidan, St (d. 651), 72 |
| Ain Jalut, battle of ( 1260), 245 |
| Akathistos Hymn to the Virgin, 50 |
| Akkar, Hospitaller castle, 245 |
| al-Edrisi, Arab geographer (d.c. 1166), 200 |
| al-Maqqari, Arab chronicler (d. 1632), 194 |
| al-Muta mid, ruler of Seville (d. 1091), 194 |
| Alamans/Alamannia, 59, 66, 67, 89, 91 |
| Alans, invasion of Gaul and Spain, 3 |
| Alaric I, Visigoth king (c. 370-410), 2 |
| Alaric II, Visigoth king (d. 507), 66 |
| Alberic II, duke of Spoleto (d. 954), 183 |
| Albert 'the Bear', duke of Saxony (d. 1170), 146, 147 |
| Albert I of Habsburg, emperor (c. 1250-1308), 280 |
| Albert II of Habsburg, emperor ( 1397-1439), 280 |
| Alberti, Leon Battista ( 1404-72), 274 |
| Albertus Magnus, St (c. 1200-80), 325 |
| Aibigensianism, see Cathars |