Avis, house of ( Portugal), 254
Azores, the, 266
Babenberg, house of, 281
Baghdad, viii, 15, 24, 30, 172 -3, 244 see also Islam, Abbasids
Bajezid I, sultan (d. 1403), 251, 252
Baldwin I, count of Edessa, king of Jerusalem (d. 1118), 205 -8
Baldwin I of Flanders, Latin emperor of Constantinople ( 1171-1206), 237
Balkans:
Bogomils in, 187
Byzantines in, 56, 170 -2, 189, 220
Normans in, 199, 201
western colonization of, 238, 242
Bamberg, missionary bishopric of, 126
Bangor (Ulster), 71
banking and finance, viii, 123 -4, 215, 235, 254, 255, 262, 278, 279, 290, 304 commenda, 215 see also Medici family
barbarian invasions, 2 - 11
Barbarossa, see Frederick
Barbastro, Muslim ruler, 128
Barcelona, 25, 247, 254
counts of, 180 -1, 184, 192
Bardi, banking family, 255, 304
Bari ( Italy), 17, 169, 184, 196, 201, 212
Basil, St, of Cappadocia, bishop of Caesarea (c. 329-79), 42 -3, 182
Basil I, Byzantine emperor (d. 886), 17
Basil II, Byzantine emperor (d. 1025), 167, 168, 187, 212
Basilica law code, 36
Basle, Council of ( 1431-49), 309 -10
Basques, 32, 87, 88
Bavaria, 67, 89, 94, 138
Christianity in, 96
Baybars, Mamluk sultan ( 1233-77), 245
Becket, see Thomas Becket
Bede, the Venerable (c. 673-735), 71, 72, 73, 78, 80, 83, 85
Beirut, 245
Belisarius, Byzantine general (c. 505-65), 6
Benedict XII, pope (d. 1342), 309
Benedict of Aniane (d. 821), 98
Benedict Biscop ( 628?-90), 73
Benedictines, 50, 183, 325
Rule, 43, 93, 98, 128, 325
Benevento, 21, 197
battle of ( 1266), 225
Beowulf, 79
Berengar II, count of Ivrea, king of Italy (d. 962), 175, 176
Bernard, St, abbot of Clairvaux ( 1090-1153), 189
Bernard, king of Italy (d. 817), 98
Bernard-Aton IV, viscount of Carcassonne (d. 1129), 194
Bernard Gaucelin, archbishop of Narbonne (d. 1191), 189
Berne, 293
Bernicia, Anglian kingdom, 63, 84
Bertha, wife of Æthelbert of Kent, 73
Biondo, Flavio, scholar ( 1392-1463), 271
Birka ( Sweden), 75
bishops, see episcopacy
Black Death, see bubonic plague
Bladelin, Pierre, financier of Bruges ( 15th century), 304, 317
'blood feud', 77
Bobbio ( Italy), monastery at, 71
Boccaccio, Giovanni ( 1313-75), v, 195, 328
Boethius (c. 480-524), 5, 31, 49
Bogomil, heretic ( 10 th century), 187
Bohemia, duchy of, 141, 161, 162, 277, 280, 281, 302 -3, 304, 328
Wends of, 86 -7
see also Hussites
Bohemond, prince of Taranto (d. 1111), 199, 201, 203
mausoleum of, 201
Boleslav Chobry, duke and king of Poland (d. 1025), 125 -6, 142 -3
Bologna, 256
defensive tower at, 231
law schools, 178, 179, 269

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