ETYMOLOGICAL VOCABULARY.

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The relation in meaning of some words in certain groups to the root is sometimes obscure or even impossible to be traced with absolute certainty. Sometimes the relation is obscured by the omission in this vocabulary of an interlinking word, because it does not occur in the text. Let us take an example close at hand, the root AID- and the noun aestuārium. The notion “inlet” seems very remote from the notion “burn.” But aestuārium is formed from aestus (for aedtus), the first meaning of which is the raging of fire, waves or billows of heat. As we might expect, a secondary meaning is, the raging of water, waves, billows, in the proper sense. From the force of the suffix -ārium, aestuārium should mean a sea-marsh, or a tract overflowed at high tide; and from this the notion “inlet,” the place through which the tide rushes, comes naturally enough.

The following roots, with their meanings, have been mostly taken from the excellent Elementary Latin Dictionary of Dr. Charlton T. Lewis.

1. AC-, sharp, pierce.

Aciēs, edge, line of battle.

Prae·acūtus, sharpened at the point.

Ācr·iter, sharply.

Acervus, heap.

Co·acervō, heap up.

2. AC-, swift.

Equĕs, horseman.

Equester, of horsemen.

Equitātus, cavalry.

AG-, drive.

Agō, drive, lead.

Cō·gō [for con·agō], drive together, compel.

Red·igō, drive back, reduce.

Ager, land.

Āgmen, marching column.

Īgnis, fire.

Ex·agitō, harass.

AID-, burn.

Aedi·ficium [from aedēs, hearth], building.

Aestās [for aid·tās], summer.

Aestuārium [for aid·t-], inlet.

1. AL-, AR-, feed, grow, raise.

Altus, high.

Altitūdō, height.

Arduus, steep.

Arbor, tree.

2. AL- (ALI-), other, strange.

Alius, other.

Aliās, at some other time.

Aliēnus, another’s.

Al·iter, other-wise.

Alter, the other (of two).

AM-, love.

Amīcus, friend.

Amīcitia, friendship.

In·imīcus, unfriendly, hostile.

AN-, breathe.

Animus, spirit.

Ex·animō, make breathless.

Onus (as the cause of panting), weight.

ANA-, pronominal stem, third person.

In, in, into.

Inter, between.

Inter·eā, meanwhile.

Inter·im, meanwhile.

Interior [compar. of obs. interus], inner.

Intrā, within.

Intrō, enter.

?Ille [old form ollus, from onolus], that one.

ANT-, before, against.

Ante, before, formerly.

Antīquitus, of old.

AP-, OP-, lay hold of work, help.

(Ops), aid.

Opus, work.

Opera, exertion, service.

C·ōpia [for com·opia], supply.

Co·epī [for com·apiō], begin.

Optimus, best.

Omnis [for apnis], all.

Opīniō, impression.

APA-, away, from.

Ab, from, by.

Ap·ud, among.

Ob, against.

AR-, fit.

Armō, arm.

Arma, arms.

Armātūra, equipment.

In·ermis, unarmed.

ARC-, shut in, keep off.

Ex·ercitus, army.

Ex·ercitātus, trained.

1. AV-, mark, desire, delight.

Audeō, dare.

Audāc·ter, boldly.

Ūtor [for avtor], use.

Ūsus, use, experience.

In·ūsitātus, unusual.

In·ūtilis, useless.

Neg·ōtium [for nec·avtium], business.

2. AV-, mark, notice.

Audiō, hear.

Ex·audiō, overhear.

AVG-, grow.

Auctōritās, power.

Auxilium, aid.

BA-, VA-, VEN-, go.

Ar·bitror [for ad·batror], believe.

Du·bitō, doubt, hesitate.

Vadum, ford.

Veniō, come.

Ad·ventus, arrival.

Circum·veniō, outflank.

Con·veniō, meet.

Dē·veniō, come to.

Ē·ventus, outcome.

In·veniō, find.

Ob·veniō, fall in with.

Per·veniō, arrive at.

CA-, CI-, pronominal stem, who.

Quī, who.

Quī·dam, a certain one.

Qui·dem, certainly.

Quīn [for quī·nē], but that.

Quā, where.

Quō, whither.

Quod, because.

Quis, who?

Quī·nam, who, pray?

Quis·quam, any.

Nē·quī·quam, in vain.

Quis·quis, whoever.

Quis·que, each one.

Quo·que, also.

Cum (quom), when.

Quam, than.

Quam·vīs, how-so-ever.

Post·quam, after.

Prius·quam, sooner than.

Quantus, how great.

Que, and.

Ita·que, and so.

Ne·que, and not.

Ubi [for quō·bi], where.

Undi·que [for cunde·que], from all sides.

Cēterī, the others.

Cis, this side of.

Citerior, hither.

Citrā, this side of.

Ut or Utī [for cutī or quotī], as, in order that.

Uter·que [for quoter·que], each.

Ne·uter, neither.

Cotī·diē, daily.

Hī·c [for hī·ce], this.

Nun·c [for num·ce], now.

Sī·c [for sī·ce], so.

CAD-, fall.

Cadō, fall.

Ac·cidō (adc-), befall.

In·cidō, happen.

Cadāver, dead body.

Cāsus, happening.

Oc·cāsus (obc-), setting.

Cēdō, give way.

Ac·cēdō (adc-), approach.

Dis·cēdō, depart.

Dis·cessus, departure.

Ex·cēdō, withdraw from.

Inter·cēdō, intervene.

Prō·cēdō, advance.

Suc·cēdō (subc-), approach.

Suc·cessus (subc-), close approach.

Ar·cessō [for ad·cēdsō], summon.

1. CAL-, CAR-, call.

Con·cilium, meeting.

Clāmor, shouting.

2. CAL-, SCAL-, cover, hide.

Oc·cultus (obc-), hidden.

Galea, helmet.

Domi·cilium, dwelling-place.

Cēlō, hide.

CAP-, take, hold.

Ac·cipiō (adc-), receive.

In·cipiō, begin.

Inter·cipiō, intercept.

Re·cipiō, receive.

Captīvus, captive.

Oc·cupō (obc-), take into possession.

Caput, head.

Prae·ceps, headlong.

Prīn·ceps, leader.

CAR-, SCAR-, hard, scrape.

Cortex, bark.

Cornū, horn, wing.

CAV-, watch.

Causa, cause.

In·cūsō, accuse.

CEL-, CER-, strike, drive.

Gladius [for cladius], sword.

Celeritās, swiftness.

Celer·iter, swiftly.

Pro·cul, at a distance.

Cursus, running.

Con·currō, run together.

Dē·currō, run down.

Oc·currō (obc-), meet.

Ex·cursiō, sally.

CEN-, hundred.

Centum, hundred.

Centuriō, centurion.

Du·centī, two hundred.

Quadrin·gentī, four hundred.

Quīn·gentī, five hundred.

Sex·centī, six hundred.

1. CER-, CRE-, make.

Crēber, numerous.

Corpus, body.

2. CER-, CRE-, part.

Dē·cernō, decide upon.

Dē·certō, fight decisively.

Certus, sure.

CI-, rouse.

In·citō, urge on.

Solli·citō (sōli-), stir up.

CLĪ-, lean.

Clē·mentia, mildness.

Ad·clīvis (acc-), sloping upward.

Ad·clīvitās (acc-), upward slope.

Dē·clīvis, sloping downward.

CRAT-, faith.

Crē·do, [for crat·dō], believe.

In·crē·dibilis [for in·crat·dibilis], incredible.

CVR-, CIR-, curve.

Circum, around.

Circi·ter, about.

Circu·itus, circumference.

Cruciātus, torture.

1. DA-, give.

, give.

Dē·dō, give up.

Dē·ditīcius, one who has surrendered.

Dē·ditiō, surrender.

Ē·ditus [P. of ē·dō], rising.

Red·dō, give back.

Trā·dō [for trāns·dō], give over.

Vēn·dō [for vēnum·dō], sell.

2. DA-, put.

Ab·dō, hide.

Crē·dō, believe.

In·crē·dibilis, incredible.

Man·dō, commission.

3. DA-, pronominal stem, third person.

Ī·dem, the same.

Quī·dam, a certain one.

Qui·dem, indeed.

Tot·idem, just as many.

DEC-, ten.

Decem, ten.

Decimus, tenth.

Decumānus (deci-), of the tenth (cohort), in the phrase, porta decumāna, the main entrance to a Roman camp.

Ūn·decimus, eleventh.

Duo·decimus, twelfth.

Quīn·decim, fifteen.

DĪC-, DIC- (DAC-), show, point.

Dīcō, say.

Doceō, teach.

Iū·dicō, judge.

(Diciō), control.

Con·diciō, condition.

DIV-, DI-, DIAV-, shine.

Dīvīnus, divine.

Diēs, day.

Cotī·diē, daily.

Postrī·diē [for posterō diē), next day.

Trī·duum, three days’ time.

Dum [for dium], while.

Nōn·dum, not yet.

Diū, for a long time.

Iuvō, [for diuvō], aid.

Ad·iuvō, aid.

DOM-, build.

Domus, home.

Domi·cilium, dwelling-place.

Domesticus, of home.

DVA-, DVI-, apart, two.

Duo, two.

Duo·decimus, twelfth.

Duo·dē·vīgintī, eighteen.

Du·bitō, doubt, hesitate.

Du·centī, two hundred.

Du·plex, two-fold.

Bellum [for duellum], war.

DVC-, lead.

Dux, leader.

Dūcō, lead.

Ad·dūcō, bring to.

Con·dūcō, gather.

Dē·dūcō, lead off.

Ē·dūcō, lead out.

In·dūcō, cover.

Intrō·dūcō, lead in.

Ob·dūcō, extend.

Re·dūcō, lead back.

Trā·dūcō [for trāns·dūcō], lead across.

EM-, take.

Emō, buy.

Ex·imius, excellent.

Sū·mō [for sub·imō], take.

ES-, be, live.

Sum [for esum], be.

Ab·sum, be away.

Dē·sum, be lacking.

Inter·sum, be between.

Prae·sum, command

Super·sum, survive.

FAC-, put, make.

Faciō, do.

Fīō, passive of faciō, become.

Cōn·ficiō, accomplish, wear out.

Dē·ficiō, fail.

Ef·ficiō, bring about.

Inter·ficiō, kill.

Pate·faciō, throw open.

Prae·ficiō, place in command.

Pro·ficīscor, put one’s self forward, set out.

Pro·fectiō, setting out.

Facilis, easy.

Facile, easily.

Aedi·ficium, building.

Ampli·ficō, enlarge.

Dif·ficilis (disf-), difficult.

Dif·ficultās (disf-), difficulty.

Facultās, opportunity.

Male·ficium, outrage.

Sīgni·ficō, announce.

Sīgni·ficātiō, signal.

FEN-, FEND-, strike.

Dē·fendō, ward off, defend.

Dē·fēnsiō, defence.

Dē·fēnsor, defender.

1. FER-, bear.

Ferō, bear

Ad·ferō (aff-), bring to.

Cōn·ferō, bring together.

Dē·ferō, carry.

Īn·ferō, bring upon.

Of·ferō (obf-), carry.

Per·ferō, endure.

Prae·ferō, place before, out-do.

Re·ferō, bring back.

Fertilitās, fertility.

Ferāx, fertile.

Fōrs, chance.

Fōrtūna, fortune.

Sīgni·fer, standard-bearer.

2. FER-, FRE-, hold, fix.

Ferē, almost.

Cōn·fīrmō, give assurance, reassure.

Fortis [for forctis], brave.

Fort·iter, bravely

1. FID-, FĪD-, bind, trust.

Fidēs, faith.

Cōn·fīdō, trust.

2. FID-, split.

Fīnis [for fidnis], limit.

Fīnitimus, neighboring.

Ad·fīnitās, connection by marriage.

FLAG-, FLIG-, strike.

Cōn·flīgō, contend with.

Prō·flīgō, defeat.

1. FVG-, FRVG-, use, enjoy.

Frūmentum [for frūgimentum], grain.

Frūmentārius, of grain.

2. FVG-, bend, flee.

Fuga, flight.

Fugiō, flee.

Pro·fugiō, flee.

FVR-, FERV-, rage, swell.

Furor, frenzy.

?Frōns, front.

GEN-, GN-, GNA-, beget.

Nāscor (gn-), arise.

Ē·nāscor, grow out.

Nātus, birth.

Nātiō, nation.

Nātūra, nature.

Prō·gnātus, sprung from.

GER-, carry.

Gerō, carry on.

Ag·ger (adg-), mound.

GNA-, GNO-, know.

Nam, for.

Nāvō [for gnāvō], perform with knowledge and zeal.

Cō·gnōscō, learn.

Nōbilitās, high birth.

Nōmen, name.

Nōminātim, by name.

Nōminō, mention.

GRAD-, walk.

Ad·gredior (agg-), attack.

Con·gredior meet.

Ē·gredior, go from.

In·gredior, enter.

Prō·gredior, advance.

Trāns·gredior, cross.

HAB-, have.

Habeō, have.

Dē·beō [for de·hibeō], owe to.

Prae·beō [for prae·hibeō], furnish.

Pro·hibeō, restrain.

HAM-, man.

Homō, man.

Nē·mō [for ne·homō], nobody.

HĪM-, cold.

Hiemō, pass the winter.

Hībernus [for hiemernus], of winter.

Hībernācula, winter quarters.

1. I-, AI-, go.

Ad·eō, approach.

Ad·itus, approach.

Circu·itus [for circum·itus], circumference.

Ex·eō, go forth, set out.

In·eō, enter upon.

In·itium, beginning.

Ob·itus, destruction.

Red·eō, return.

Sub·eō, approach closely.

Sub·itō, suddenly.

Trāns·eō, cross.

Iter, route.

Aetās [for aevitās], age.

From iter is the adv., ending -iter or -ter, as in aequāl·iter for aequale·iter, al·iter, audāc·ter, celer·iter, circi·ter, diligent·(t)er, fort·iter, lēn·iter, in·diligent·(t)er.

2. I-, AI-, pronominal stem, third person, demonstrative.

Is, this one.

, there.

Inter·eā, meanwhile.

Inter·im, meanwhile.

Post·eā, afterwards.

Propter·eā, for the reason (that).

Ī·dem, the same.

Iden·t·idem [for idem·et·idem], again and again.

I·pse, self.

Ibī, there.

Inde, thence.

De·inde, thereupon.

Ita, thus.

Ita·que, therefore.

Item, likewise.

?I·dōneus, suitable.

Ūnus [for oenus], one.

Ūnā, together.

Ūni·versus, all.

Ūn·decimus, eleventh.

Ūllus [for ūnulus], any.

Nūllus [for ne·ūnulus], none.

Nōn·nūllus, some.

Nōn [ne·oenum (ūnum)], not.

Nōn·dum, not yet.

IA-, IAC-, go, send.

Iaciō, throw.

Ad·iciō, hurl.

Circum·iciō, place around.

Cōn·iciō, hurl.

Dē·iciō, throw down from.

Dē·iectus, slope.

Inter·iciō, place between.

Prō·iciō, hurl.

Re·iciō, hurl back.

Iaceō, lie.

IC-, AIC-, like.

Aequāl·iter, evenly.

Ad·aequō, equal.

In·īquus, unfavorable.

In·īquitās, inequality.

IV-, IVG-, bind, yoke.

Iugum, ridge.

Con·iungō, join together.

Cūnctus [for cōn·iūnctus], all.

Iūs, right.

Iūstitia, justice.

Con·iūrō, conspire.

In·iūria, wrong.

Iū·dicō, judge.

Iubeō, order.

Iūxtā [for iūgistā], close by.

LAG-, loose.

Re·languēscō, lose energy.

Lassitūdō, exhaustion.

Laxō, widen.

1. LEG-, LIG-, gather.

Dē·ligō, choose.

Dī·ligen·ter [for dis·ligent·ter], scrupulously.

In·dī·ligen·ter, carelessly.

Ē·ligō, choose.

Intel·legō, understand.

Legiō, legion.

Legiōnārius, of a legion.

2. LEG-, run, spring.

Levis [for legvis], light.

Levitās, lightness.

Longus, long.

Longē, far.

3. LEG-, lie, be fixed.

Lēx, law.

Lēgātus, envoy.

Lēgātiō, embassy.

LI-, pour, smear.

Littera, written character.

Dē·leō, destroy.

LIB-, desire.

Līberī, children (the free).

Līberāl·iter, generously.

LIC-, LIQV-, let, leave.

Pol·liceor [for prō·liceor], promise.

Re·linquō, leave behind.

Re·liquus, remaining.

1. MA-, MAN-, measure.

Manus, hand.

Man·dō [for manus·dō], commission.

Mani·pulus, handful, maniple.

Mān·suētūdō, gentleness.

Dī·mētior, measure out.

Mōs, custom.

2. MA-, MAD-, measure, moderate.

Modus, manner.

Modo, only.

Com·modē (conm-), easily.

Ad·com·modō (acconm-), fit.

MAC-, MAG-, big.

Magis [for magius], more.

Māximē, most.

Māgnus, great.

Māgnitūdō, greatness.

Māior [for magior], greater.

Magistrātus, office.

Molestē, in a troublesome manner.

MAL-, crush, grind.

Male·ficium, outrage.

Mulier, woman.

1. MAN-, MEN-, man, mind, stay.

Moneō, advise.

Dē·mōnstrō, point out.

Clē·mentia, kindness.

2. MAN-, MI-, small, less.

Minor, smaller.

Minus, less.

Minimē, least.

Ad·ministrō, execute.

MĪL-, associate.

Mīlle, thousand.

Mīles, soldier.

Mīlitāris, of war.

MIS-, wretched.

Miser, wretched.

Miseri·cordia, pity.

MIT-, send, throw.

Mittō, send.

Ā·mittō, lose.

Com·mittō (conm-), join together.

Dī·mittō, despatch.

Ē·mittō, let fly.

Inter·mittō, halt.

Intrō·mittō, send in.

O·mittō [for ob·mittō], neglect.

Per·mittō, grant.

Prae·mittō, send in advance.

Re·mittō, send back.

Sub·mittō, send as aid.

1. MV-, MOV-, move.

Moveō, move.

Com·moveō, startle.

Per·moveō, rouse.

Prō·moveō, move forward.

Mōbilitās, nimbleness.

Com·mūtātiō, change.

2. MV-, shut, fasten.

Com·mūnis (conm-), common.

Moenia, walls.

Mūniō, fortify.

Circum·mūniō, blockade.

Mūnīmentum, fortification.

Mūnītiō, fortification.

Mūrus [old moerus], wall.

NA-, no.

, that not, lest.

Ne·que, and not.

Nē·ve or Neu, and that not.

Ni·hil, nothing.

Ni·si [for nē·si], if not.

Nōn [for ne·oenum (ūnum)], not.

Nōn·dum, not yet.

Quīn [for quī·nē], but that.

1. NEC-, NOC-, kill, hurt.

Inter·neciō, annihilation.

Nox, night.

Noctū, by night.

2. NEC-, bind.

Necessitās, necessity.

Necessārius, necessary.

NV-, now (pronominal stem).

Noster, our.

Nunc [for num·ce], now.

Novus, new, fresh.

Nūntius [for noventius, from obs. noveō, from novus], messenger.

Nūntiō, report.

Re·nūntiō, report.

OL-, OR-, grow, rise.

Orior, arise.

Ad·orior, assault.

Ōrdō, order.

PA-, feed.

Pater, father.

Patrius, ancestral.

Pābulum, fodder.

PAC-, PAG-, PVG-, fix, peg.

Pāx, peace.

Pācō, subdue.

Pūgnō, fight.

Ex·pūgnō, storm.

Op·pūgnō (obp-), assault.

Op·pūgnātiō (obp-), assault.

Prō·pūgnō, defend.

PAL-, PEL-, PVL-, drive, scatter.

Pellō, drive.

Ad·pellō (app-), accost.

Com·pellō (conp-), drive together.

Ex·pellō, drive out.

Im·pellō (inp-), incite.

Re·pellō, drive back.

1. PAR-, POR-, PER-, through, far, reach, try.

Pār, equal.

Per, through.

Ex·perior, test.

Perīclitor, test.

Perīculum, danger.

Porta, gate.

Portō, bear.

Op·portūnus (obp-), suitable.

Paulis·per, for a short time.

2. PAR-, POR-, part, breed.

Parātus, ready.

Com·parō (conp-), get ready.

Pro·perō, hasten.

Im·perātor (inp-), commander.

Im·perō (inp-), command.

Im·perium (inp-), command.

A·pertus [for ab·partus], open.

Re·periō, find.

Pars, portion.

Partim, partly.

O·portet [for ob·portet], is necessary.

PARC-, PLEC-, bind, weave, fold.

Du·plex, two-fold.

Sup·plex (subp-), suppliant.

Sup·plicātiō (subp-), thanksgiving.

Prope, near [with metathesis of r and change of c to p. Cf. roots SAC and SCAL].

Proximus [superl. of propior], nearest.

Proximē, last.

Propīnquus, near.

Propīnquitās, proximity.

Ad·propīnquō (app-), approach.

Propter, near, on account of.

Propter·eā, for the reason (that).

1. PAT-, go.

Passus, step.

Pōns, bridge.

2. PAT-, PAD-, spread, open.

Pateō, extend.

Pate·faciō, open.

Pandō, extend.

PAV-, little.

Paucus, few.

Parvulus, slight.

Paulum, a little.

Paulō, a little.

Paululum, very slightly.

Paulātim, gradually.

Paulis·per, for a short time.

PED-, tread.

Pēs, foot.

Pedĕs, foot-soldier.

Pedester, of infantry.

Ex·pedītus, unencumbered.

Im·pediō (inp-), hinder.

Im·pedīmenta (inp-), baggage.

Op·pidum [for ob-pedum], town.

Op·pidānus (obp-), townsman.

PET-, fly.

Petō, seek.

Im·petus (inp-), charge.

PIS-, crush.

Pīlum [for pislum], spear.

Prīmi·pīlus, first centurion of the triarii.

PLAT-, spread, flat.

Latus [for platus], side.

Plānitiēs [for platnitiēs], plain.

PLE-, PLO-, PLV-, fill.

Com·pleō (conp-), fill.

Plērus·que, the most of.

Plūs, more.

Plūrimum, most.

Com·plūrēs (conp-), many.

Mani·pulus, maniple.

Am·plius, more.

Ampli·ficō, enlarge.

?Pellis, skin.

Populus, people.

Pūblicus [for populicus], belonging to the state.

PLV-, PLOV-, wash, flow.

Ex·plōrō [for ex·ploverō], reconnoitre.

Ex·plōrātor, scout.

POS-, behind.

Post, after.

Post·eā, afterwards.

Post·quam, after.

Postrī·diē [for posterō diē], next day.

POT-, master.

Potius, rather.

Pos·sum [for potis sum], be able, can.

Potēns, able.

Potestās, power.

Potior, gain.

Im·petrō (inp-), obtain.

PREC-, pray.

Dē·precor, petition against.

Poscō [for porcscō], demand.

Postulō, demand.

PRO-, PRI-, PRAE-, before.

Prō, before.

Prior, preceding.

Prius·quam, sooner than.

Prīs·tinus [for prius·tinus], former.

Prīmus, first.

Prīmum, in the first place.

Prīmō, in the first place.

Prīn·ceps [for prīmi·ceps], leader.

Prīmi·pīlus, first centurion of the triarii.

Prae, before.

RA-, join, count.

Ratiō, reason.

Rēs, thing.

RAP-, RVP-, snatch, break.

Dī·ripiō [for dis·ripiō], sack.

Ē·ruptiō, sally.

Rūpēs, cliff.

REG-, RIG-, stretch, guide.

Por·rigō [for prō·regō], stretch out.

Regiō, direction.

Rēx, ruler.

Rēgnum, control.

1. SA-, SI-, sow, strow, sift.

Pōnō [for port·(prō) sinō], place.

Dē·pōnō, put off.

Prō·pōnō, display.

2. SA-, SIM-, together, like.

Singulī, one at a time.

Singulāris, extraordinary.

Simul, at the same time.

Cōn·similis, altogether like.

3. SA-, pronominal stem.

Sī·c [for sī·ce], so.

I·pse, self.

1. SAC-, SAG-, fasten.

Sagittārius, archer.

Saepēs [with p for c], hedge.

2. SAC-, SEC-, SCĪD-, CĪD-, split.

Saxum, rock.

Sectiō, booty.

Scientia, knowledge.

Inter·scindō, cut off.

Con·cīdō, cut to pieces.

In·cīdō, cut into.

Oc·cīdō, kill.

3. SAC-, show.

Sīgnum, signal.

Sīgni·fer, standard-bearer.

Sīgni·ficō, announce.

Sīgni·ficātiō, signal.

Īn·sīgne, sign.

SAL-, SER-, save.

Salūs, safety.

Sōlus, alone.

Sōlum, only.

Solli·citō (sōli), stir up.

Servō, keep.

Cōn·servō, preserve.

SCAD-, CAD-, cover.

Castra, camp.

Castellum, redoubt.

SCAL-, SCAR- (with p for c, SPOL-), scrape.

Calamitās, [for scalamitās], disaster.

Dē·spoliō, deprive.

?Populor, Dē·populor, ravage.

SCAND-, climb.

A·scendō (adsc-), mount.

A·scēnsus (adsc-), ascent.

SCARP-, SCALP-, cut, scratch.

Scrībō, write.

Cōn·scrībō, enroll.

Prae·scrībō, dictate.

SCV-, CV-, cover, hide.

Scūtum, shield.

Custōdia, guard.

SEC-, follow.

Sequor, follow.

Cōn·sequor, attain.

Īn·sequor, follow up.

Prō·sequor, pursue.

Sub·sequor, follow closely.

Secundus, favorable.

Secundum, according to.

Con- [for scom-], with.

Cum, with.

Cōpia [for com·opia], supply.

Con·trā, against.

Con·trārius, opposite.

SED-, SID-, sit.

Pos·sideō [for prō·sideo], own.

Īn·sidiae, stratagem.

Ob·sĕs, hostage.

Prae·sidium, garrison.

Sub·sidium, assistance.

Super·sedeō, omit.

Cōn·sīdō, settle.

SEN-, old.

Senātor, elder, senator.

Senātus, senate.

SENT-, feel.

Sententia, opinion.

Cōn·sentiō, agree.

Cōn·sēnsus, agreement.

1. SER-, SVAR-, string, bind.

Dē·serō, abandon.

Prae·sertim, especially.

Servitūs, slavery.

2. SER-, SVAL-, bright.

Sōl, sun.

Silva, forest.

Silvestris, wooded.

1. SMAR-, MAR-, think.

Mora, delay.

Moror, delay.

Memoria, remembrance.

Com·memorō (conm-), mention.

2. SMAR-, MER-, ascribe.

Meritum, merit.

Mercātor, trader.

SOVO-, SVO-, own.

Suī, of himself, etc.

Suus, his, etc.

Cōn·suēscō, be accustomed.

Cōn·suētūdō, custom.

Mān·suētūdō, gentleness.

Sed, but.

?Sī, if.

?Si·ne, without.

?Ni·si, if not.

SPA-, PA-, draw, stretch.

Spatium, space.

Spēs, hope.

Dē·spērō, give up hope.

?Studeō, strive after.

?Studium, eagerness.

SPEC-, see, spy.

Cōn·spiciō, espy.

Per·spiciō, ascertain.

Re·spiciō, look back.

Ex·spectō, await.

Cōn·spicor, espy.

Speciēs, form.

Speculātor, spy.

Cōn·spectus, sight.

Dē·spectus, view downward.

Prō·spectus, view forward.

STA-, stand, set.

Cōn·stanter, uniformly.

Īn·stō, press forward.

Prae·stō, excel, show.

Cōn·sistō, take position.

Dē·sistō, stop.

Īn·sistō, take a stand.

Re·sistō, resist.

Statuō, determine.

Cōn·stituō, determine.

Statim, at once.

Statiō, picket.

Statūra, stature.

STER-, STRA-, STLA-, strow, spread.

Lātus [old, stlātus], broad.

Lātitūdō, width.

STRV-, spread, heap.

Ex·struō, erect.

Īn·struō, arrange.

1. TA-, TEN-, stretch.

Prīs·tinus [for prius·tinus], former.

Prō·tinus, at once.

Tener, tender.

Teneō, hold.

Con·tineō, restrain, keep.

Dis·tineō, separate.

Ob·tineō, hold.

Per·tineō, extend to.

Re·tineō, detain.

Sus·tineō [for subs·tineō], sustain.

Sus·tentō [for subs·tentō], hold out.

Tendō, stretch.

Con·tendō, hasten.

?Tempus, time.

2. TA-, pronominal stem, third person, demonstrative.

Tam, so.

Tantus, so great.

Tantulus, so trifling.

Tamen, still.

Tot·idem, just as many.

Tum, then.

Also the final element in au·tem, au·t, i·ta, i·ta·que, u·t.

TAG-, touch, seize.

At·tingō (adt-), touch.

Red·in·tegrō, renew.

TARC- (TARP-), TREP-, turn, twist.

Tormentum, engine for hurling.

Turpitūdō, disgrace.

Trabs, beam.

TEC-, TAX-, weave, arrange.

In·texō, weave in.

Tēlum (for teclum), spear.

TEM-, TAN-, cut.

Con·temptus, contempt.

Con·tumēlia, insult.

TER-, TREM-, TERS-, shake, scare.

Dē·terreō, prevent.

Per·terreō, thoroughly frighten.

Terror, fright.

TV-, TVM-, TAV-, TO-, swell.

Tumulus, mound.

Tumultus, uproar.

Tōtus, whole.

TVR-, harry, crowd.

Per·turbō, throw into confusion.

Prō·turbō, drive off,

?Turris, tower.

VAG-, VEH-, move, carry.

Vēxillum, flag.

Vēxō, harass.

1. VEL-, VAL-, VER-, cover, guard.

Vāllum, rampart.

Inter·vāllum, distance.

Vereor, fear.

2. VEL-, VOL-, tear, pluck.

Vulnus, wound.

Vulnerō, wound.

VER-, say.

Verbum, word.

Vērō, in truth.

VERG-, VRG-, VALG-, slope, press.

Vergō, incline.

Urgeō, press.

Vulgō (volgō), generally.

VERT-, turn.

Ā·vertō, turn away.

Con·vertō, turn around.

Re·vertō, return.

Re·vertor, return.

Versō, turn about, pass. dwell.

Ad·versus, opposite.

Dī·versus, turned away.

Intr·ōrsus [for intrō·versus], within.

R·ūrsus [for re·vorsus], again.

Trāns·versus, at right-angles.

Ūni·versus, all.

VET-, VIT-, year, old.

In·veterāscō, grow old in.

Vetō, forbid.

VI-, VIC-, twine.

Vīnea, covered shed.

Vīnum, wine.

Vīmen, willow, withe.

VIC-, conquer.

Vincō, conquer.

Vīctor, victorious.

Prō·vincia, province.

Vix, barely.

VID-, see.

Videō, see.

In·videō, envy.

Prō·videō, procure.

Prū·dentia [for prō·videntia], wisdom.

Im·prō·vīsō (inp-), unexpectedly.

VIR-, man.

Vir, man.

Virtūs, valor.

VOC-, VAG-, call.

Con·vocō, call together.

Re·vocō, call back.

Vōx, voice.

VOL-, will, wish.

Voluntās, wish.

N·ōlō [for nē·vōlō], be unwilling.

Quam·vīs, howsoever.

At, but.

At·que,

Āc,

and.

Et, and.

Et·iam, even.

Ad, to.

Ap·ud, among.

Ex, Ē, from, out of.

Extrēmus, furthest.

Locus [for stlocus], place.

Con·locō (coll-), place.

Multus, much.

Multitūdō, large number.

Proelium, battle.

Proelior, fight.

Superior, higher.

Summus [for supimus], highest

Suprā, above.

Superō, overcome.

Tardus, slow.

Tardō, retard.

Trēs, three.

Trī·duum, three days’ time.

Tribūnus, military tribune.

Tertius, third.