Nagaraj, D. R.

Nagpur, 8.1; Congress meeting at (1920), 6.1, 7.1; Gandhi’s anti-untouchability tour in, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3; memorials to Ambedkar movement in, 8.2

Naidoo, Prema, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2

Naidoo, Thambi, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 12.1; Gandhi followed to India by sons of, 5.1, 6.1; in satyagraha campaign of 1913, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4

Naidu, Sarojini, 2.1, 8.1, 8.2

Naipaul, V. S., fm.1, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1

Nairs, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3

Namasudras

Nambiatiri, Indanturuttil

Namboodiris, or Nambuthiris, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 9.1

Nambuthiri, Krishnan

Nandi, Moranjibala

Narayan Guru, Sri, 7.1, 7.2; Gandhi’s first meeting with, 7.3

Nasik, Maharashtra: Ambedkar’s satyagraha in, 8.1, 8.2; Gandhi’s purification ritual at, 2.1, 8.3

Natal, 1.1, 1.2, 4.1; Boer War in, 2.1; as center of Indian life in South Africa, 4.2; elimination of Indian voting rights in, 4.3; end of indenture system in, 5.1; final satyagraha in, 4.4; Gandhi’s Critic editorial about indentured servitude in, 2.2; Gandhi’s prolonged abstention from politics in, 4.5, 4.6; Gandhi’s return to (1913), 3.1, 4.7; head tax on former indentured Indians in, 3.2, 4.8; mass mobilization of indentured Indians in (1913), 1.3, 4.9, 6.1, 12.1 (see also satyagraha campaign of 1913); rural, leaders of consequence emerging from, 3.3; Zulu uprising in (1906), 3.4, 12.2 (see also Bhambatha Rebellion). See also Durban

Natal Advertiser, 1.1, 5.1

Natal Coal Owners Association

Natal Indian Association, 5.1, 5.2

Natal Indian Congress, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 12.1, 12.2; Gandhi expelled from, 5.1; satyagraha campaign of 1913 and, 5.2, 5.3

Natal Mercury, 1.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

Natal Militia

Natal Native Congress

Natal Witness, 5.1, 5.2

Natesan, G. A.

Nath, Lal

National Archives of India

Nationalists

national movement. See independence movement; Indian National Congress

Natives Land Act (1913), 3.1, 3.2, 5.1

Navajivan (Gujarati newspaper), 12.1

Nayar, Pyarelal. See Pyarelal

Nayar, Sushila, 3.1, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1

Nazareth Church (Ekuphakameni), 3.1, 3.2

Nehru, Jawaharlal, 2.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6, 12.7; black South Africans and, 3.1; communal violence and, 11.3; Congress movement and, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6; Gandhi’s fast unto death and, 9.3; as Gandhi’s heir and successor, 11.4; on Gandhi’s opposition to caste system, 7.2, 7.3; Gandhi visited at Srirampur by, 11.5, 11.6; partition and, 11.7, 12.8, 12.9; untouchability issue and, 8.7, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7

Nehru, Kamala

Nehru, Motilal, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2

Nehru Report

Newcastle, indentured Indian strikers in (113), 1.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

New Delhi. See also Delhi

Noakhali, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2; assessment of Gandhi’s months in, 11.3; communal violence in, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7, 11.8, 11.9, 11.10, 11.11, 11.12, 12.3; Gandhi in, at moment of independence, 12.4; Gandhi’s message to Muslims in, 11.13; Gandhi’s planned return to, 12.5, 12.6, 12.7, 12.8, 12.9, 12.10, 12.11; Gandhi’s stay at Srirampur village in, 11.14, 11.15 (see also Srirampur); Gandhi’s walking tour of, 11.16, 11.17, 11.18, 11.19, 11.20, 12.12; prayer meetings in, 11.21, 11.22, 11.23, 11.24

Nobel Peace Prize, 12.1, 12.2

No Changers

noncooperation campaigns, 4.1, 6.1, 8.1, 12.1; ban on public meetings and, 6.2; boycott of cloth from English mills and, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 7.1; Gandhi’s conception of, 4.2, 6.6; Jinnah’s “direct action” and, 11.1; Muslim support for, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 6.10; “Quit India!” movement, 11.2, 12.2; suspensions of, 6.11, 6.12, 7.2; violence resulting from, 1.1, 6.13. See also civil disobedience

nonviolence, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 5.1, 6.1, 10.1, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3; black South Africans and, 3.4, 10.2; discipline of, 5.2, 5.3, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 7.1; Gandhi’s disappointment with efficacy of, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 12.4; Gandhi’s moral pronouncements on crises of late 1930s and, 10.3; Gandhi’s Noakhali mission and, 11.6, 11.7, 11.8; Gandhi’s recruitment of Indian troops at odds with, 6.5, 6.6; Hindu value of ahimsa and, 6.7, 7.2; support of British war effort and, 11.9; Tolstoy’s influence and, 2.2; violent outcomes of, 5.4, 6.8, 6.9, 11.10. See also civil disobedience; noncooperation campaigns; satyagraha

Ohlange Institute (Inanda), 3.1, 3.2, 3.3

Omvedt, Gail

Orange Free State, 1.1, 5.1, 12.1

Orwell, George

Ottoman Empire: erosion of power of, 6.1, 6.2. See also Khilafat, Khilafat movement

Pakistan, 6.1, 7.1, 11.1; Bangladesh’s “liberation” from, 11.2; frozen assets issue and, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3; Gandhi’s vow to spend rest of his life in, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6; Hindus remaining in, 12.7

Palestine: Arab-Jewish strife in, 10.1, 10.2; Zionist movement and, 4.1, 10.3

Panchamas, 2.1, 2.2

Parekh, Bhikhu

Pariahs, 2.1, 2.2, 6.1, 6.2, 10.1

Park Station (Johannesburg)

Parliament, British, 6.1, 8.1, 10.1

Parliament, South African, 1.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

Parsuram (stenographer)

partition, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 11.1, 12.1; British proposal and, 11.2, 11.3; communal violence and, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7, 11.8, 11.9, 11.10, 11.11, 11.12, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6, 12.7; Congress’s approval of final plan for, 12.8, 12.9, 12.10; flight of refugees and, 11.13, 12.11, 12.12, 12.13, 12.14; Gandhi and Jinnah’s negotiations over, 11.14, 12.15; Gandhi’s declaration of two homelands and, 12.16; Gandhi’s last-minute attempt at heading off, 12.17; Gandhi’s Noakhali mission and, 11.15, 11.16; Gandhi’s scheme for autonomous Pakistan within Indian union and, 11.17; Jinnah’s “direct action” campaign and, 11.18; Nehru’s visit to Noakhali and, 11.19, 11.20; as price to pay for independence, 11.21

“passive resistance,” replaced with term “satyagraha”, 1.1, 12.1

Patchappen (indentured Indian), 5.1, 12.1

Patel, Vallabhbhai, 6.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6, 12.7, 12.8

Pathans, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 12.1

Patil, S. K.

Payne, Robert

peace committees, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2

Phoenix Settlement (north of Durban), 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 8.1, 9.1, 12.1; author’s visits to, fm.1, fm.2; founding of, 1.2, 1.3, 12.2; Gandhi’s long absences from, 3.2, 3.3, 10.1; Gandhi’s return to (1913), 4.4, 4.5, 4.6; Gandhi’s visits to, 4.7; inspiration for, 4.8; nonviolent resistance at (1913), 3.4; Zulu neighbors of, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9

Pietermaritzburg: monument to Gandhi in, 1.1; train incident at (1893), 1.2, 1.3

Pillay, C. M.

Pitt, W. H.

Pius XI, Pope

plague, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1

Point Road (Durban), Gandhi’s visit to shanties near

Polak, Henry, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 5.1, 5.2

Polak, Millie (née Downs), 1.1, 4.1

polygamy

Poona (now Pune): Gandhi’s anti-untouchability tour in, 9.1, 9.2; Hindu extremist plot in, 12.1

Poona Pact, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3

poorna swaraj (complete independence)

Porter, Cole

poverty, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 6.1, 12.1; campaign for village self-sufficiency and, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2 (see also All India Village Industries Association); loincloth symbolism and, 1.2, 6.2; persistence of, in contemporary India, 10.3, 10.4; voluntary, Gokhale’s ethic of, 6.3; voluntary, of Gandhi, 2.3, 3.1, 4.1, 6.4

Prasad, Rajendra, 6.1, 6.2

predestination doctrine

Pretoria, 1.1; Gandhi’s racial encounter in, 1.2

prohibition, 8.1, 9.1

Pulayas, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 10.1, 10.2

Punjab, 12.1; communal violence in, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4; Gandhi’s visits to, 12.5, 12.6, 12.7

Pyarelal (in full, Pyarelal Nayar), 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 9.1, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4; Manu’s presence and, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7

“Quit India!” movement (1942), 11.1, 12.1

“Raghupati Raghav Raja Ram

Rai, Lajpat

Rajagopalachari, C. R., 12.1, 12.2

Rajchandra, Shrimad

Rajkot, Gujarat: banquet in, 2.1; Gandhi’s sojourn in (1896), 2.2

Ramayana, 12.1

Ramnarayan (castigated by Gandhi as philanderer)

Rand Club (Johannesburg), 5.1, 5.2

Rashid, Abdul

Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS)

Ravindran, T. K., 7.1, 7.2

registration issue, in Transvaal (“Black Act”), 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 12.1

Republican Party

Republic Day

Reuters, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

rishi (sage)

roads, public, barring of untouchables from, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5

Rolland, Romain, 8.1, 8.2

Round Table Conference (1930–31)

Round Table Conference (1931), 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 9.1, 12.1

Rubusana, Rev. Walter

Ruskin, John, 2.1, 4.1, 7.1; Phoenix Settlement and, 1.1, 4.2, 12.1

ryots (tenant farmers)

Sabarmati Ashram (formerly Kochrab Ashram; Ahmedabad), 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 12.1; Gandhi’s final departure from (1930), 8.3; Gandhi’s withdrawl to (mid-1920s), 8.4; untouchables residing at, 6.5

salt, 4.1, 4.2

Salt March (1930), 4.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2

sanatanists (orthodox Hindus), 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4

Sandow, Eugen, 4.1, 4.2

Sanger, Margaret, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3

sannyasi (holy man), 1.1, 4.1, 6.1

Sanoo, M. K.

Saonar, Maharashtra, Gandhi’s anti-untouchability tour in

Satyabhamapur, Orissa, Gandhi’s anti-untouchability tour in

satyagraha, 1.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 6.1, 6.2; Ambedkar’s adoption of, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3; against apartheid, 3.1; first national strike in India (1919), 6.3, 7.1, 7.2, 12.1; Gandhi’s conceptions of, 1.2, 7.3; Muslim converts to, 6.4; noncooperation strategy in, 4.6, 6.5 (see also noncooperation campaigns); passive-aggressive aspect of, 5.1; “passive resistance” replaced with term, 1.3, 12.2; Salt March of 1930, 4.7, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 11.1, 11.2, 12.3, 12.4; South Africans’ loss of belief in, fm.1; Tolstoy Farm and, 3.2, 4.8; Transvaal registration issue and, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 3.3, 3.4, 12.5; against untouchability, 7.4 (see also Vaikom Satyagraha); village self-sufficiency campaign, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2 (see also All India Village Industries Association); violent clashes resulting from, 5.2, 6.6, 6.7, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9. See also nonviolence

Satyagraha (Glass), 1.1, 12.1

Satyagraha Ashram. See Sevagram village and ashram

satyagraha campaign of 1913 (South Africa), 1.1, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3; Africans in crackdown on, 5.1, 5.2; African workers’ possible inclusion in, 5.3; anti-Indian laws and regulations leading to, 5.4 (see also head tax); in context of white South African politics, 5.5, 5.6; end of, 5.7; final settlement in, 5.8, 5.9, 6.2, 7.4; Gandhi’s arrests in, 5.10, 5.11, 5.12; Gandhi’s arrival in Newcastle and, 1.2, 5.13, 5.14, 5.15; Gandhi’s Durban speech after, 5.16; Gandhi’s feeding of strikers in, 5.17; Gandhi’s renown in India and, 6.3; Gandhi’s warnings to government and, 5.18; hard labor sentences for participants in, 5.19, 5.20; illegal border crossings in, 5.21, 5.22, 5.23, 5.24; indentured servants as participants in, 1.3, 4.3, 5.25, 5.26, 6.4, 6.5, 12.4; Indian critics of, 5.27, 5.28, 5.29; judicial commission and, 5.30, 5.31; legacy of, 5.32; London’s response to, 5.33, 5.34; mass arrests in, 5.35, 5.36, 5.37; as model for Indian campaign, 8.1, 8.2; as religious struggle, 5.38, 5.39, 5.40; spread of, 5.41, 5.42, 5.43, 5.44; stated aims of, 5.45; in sugar country, 5.46, 5.47, 5.48; Tamil women’s preparatory work for, 5.49, 5.50; violent clashes in, 5.51, 5.52, 5.53, 6.6; women in, 5.54, 5.55, 5.56, 5.57, 5.58, 5.59

Satyagraha in South Africa (Gandhi), 1.1, 5.1

Schlesin, Sonja, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1

Schumacher, E. F.

Seedat, Hassim

Segaon, Wardha, 10.1, 10.2. See also Sevagram village and ashram

Self Employed Women’s Association (SEWA)

Self-Respect League

“self-suffering

Seme, Pixley ka Isaka

Sen, Amartya

Servants of India Society, 6.1, 6.2

Sevagram village and ashram (formerly Segaon, Wardha), 9.1, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2; Ambedkar’s visit to, 10.3; construction of facilities, 10.4; as contemporary tourist attraction, 10.5; Gandhi’s arrival at, 10.6; Gandhi’s disappointment with, 10.7

sexuality: Freudian philosophy and, 11.1; Sanger’s conversation with Gandhi and, 10.1; as viewed in Hinduism, 10.2. See also celibacy vow

shamiana (open-sided tent)

Shankaranand, Swami

Shembe, Isaiah, called the Prophet

Shertok (later Sharett), Moshe

Shirer, William L.

Shiyali, Tamil Nadu, Gandhi’s anti-untouchability tour in

Shraddhanand, Swami (formerly known as Mahatma Munshi Ram), 6.1, 7.1; slaying of, 7.2, 11.1; Vaikom Satyagraha and, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5

shuddi (purification rituals), 2.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3

shudras

Sikhs, 7.1, 10.1, 10.2, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4

Sindi, village workers in, 10.1, 10.2

Singh, Gurbachan

Sistine Chapel

Slade, Madeleine, renamed Mirabehn, 6.1, 8.1, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4

Small Is Beautiful (Schumacher), 10.1

Smuts, Jan Christian, 1.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 10.1, 12.1; head tax on indentured Indians and, 4.7, 4.8, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6; satyagraha campaign of 1913 and, 5.7, 5.8, 7.1, 12.2; white miners’ strike and, 5.9, 5.10

social class. See class distinctions

Socialists, 9.1, 9.2

Soorzai (indentured Indian)

South Africa, 1.1, 12.1; anti-Indian laws and regulations in (see anti-Indian laws and regulations, South African); black majority in (see black South Africans); chronology of Gandhi’s years in, 12.2; colonial rule in, 1.2, 1.3; Gandhi’s departure from, 1.4, 2.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4; Gandhi’s farewell letter to Indians in, 5.5, 5.6; Gandhi’s farewell tour of, 5.7, 5.8; Gandhi’s first days in, 1.5; Gandhi’s racial encounters in, 1.6, 1.7, 12.3; Hindu-Muslim relations in, 1.8, 4.3, 12.4; monuments to Gandhi in, 1.9; Muslim community in, 1.10; satyagraha in (see satyagraha; satyagraha campaign of 1913); sovereign statehood of, 1.11, 1.12, 4.4, 4.5; states or territories in, 1.13. See also Natal; Transvaal

South African Indian Congress, 3.1, 3.2

South African Mounted Rifles

South African Native National Congress (later African National Congress)

South African Republic, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1

spinning, 7.1, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4; boycott and burning of foreign cloth and, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.2, 8.2; by Gandhi himself, 6.4, 12.5, 12.6, 12.7; Gandhi’s vision of swadeshi (self-reliance) and, 6.5, 6.6, 7.3, 9.4, 10.3; Gandhi’s wearing of loincloth and, 6.7, 6.8; as requirement for Congress membership, 7.4, 8.3, 8.4; Tagore’s critique of Gandhi’s campaign for, 6.9

Spion Kop, battle of (1900)

Srirampur, Noakhali, 11.1, 11.2; description of, 11.3; Gandhi’s dwelling in, 11.4, 11.5; Hindu population of, 11.6, 11.7, 11.8; Manu summoned to, 11.9; Nehru’s visit to, 11.10, 11.11

Stansfield, Lieutenant

Star (Johannesburg), 2.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

strikes: national, in India (1919), 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 12.1; of South Africa’s white workers (1913), 5.1, 5.2

suffragettes, 1.1, 5.1

sugar plantations and refineries, satyagraha campaign of 1913 spread to, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

Suhrawardy, Shaheed, 1.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4; blocked payment to Pakistan and, 12.1; Gandhi’s peacekeeping mission in Calcutta and, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6; plan for united Bengal and, 12.7

Suhrud, Tridip

suicides, among indebted cotton farmers of Wardha

Sunni Islam

swadeshi (self-reliance), 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 9.1, 10.1

Swan, Maureen, 1.1, 5.1

swaraj (self-rule), fm.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 7.1, 8.1, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 12.1, 12.2; four “pillars” of, 6.7, 8.2, 10.4, 11.1; as permanent, ever-receding goal, 6.8; time frames for, 6.9, 6.10, 6.11, 8.3. See also independence movement

Swarajists

Syrian Christians, 7.1, 10.1

tabligh (Muslim proselytizing efforts)

Tablighi Jamaat, called Tabligh (Society for the Propagation of the Muslim Faith)

Tagore, Rabindranath, 1.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 11.1, 12.1

Talbot, Phillips, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1

Tambo, Oliver

Tamil Benefit Society, 1.1, 12.1

Tamils, 1.1, 2.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 12.1, 12.2

taxes, 2.1; satyagraha campaign in Gujarat’s Kheda district and, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 12.1. See also head taxes

temple-entry issues, 2.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 10.1, 10.2; Ambedkar and, 8.3, 8.4, 9.5, 9.6, 10.3; Gandhi’s lack of success with, 10.4. See also Vaikom Satyagraha

Tendulkar, D. G.

terrorism, 3.1, 6.1; expansion of colonial powers and, 6.2, 6.3

Thakkar, A. V., called Thakkar Bapa, 6.1, 11.1

Theosophy, 1.1, 2.1, 4.1

third-class train travel

Thiruvarppu, clash of Ezhavas with caste Hindus at (1926)

Thoreau, Henry David

Times (London), 9.1

Times” History of the War in South Africa, 2.1

Times of India, 7.1, 9.1

Tiyyas

Tolstoy, Leo, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 10.1, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2

Tolstoy Farm (southwest of Johannesburg), 1.1, 1.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 6.1, 8.1, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3; abandonment of, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7; black South Africans at, 3.1; contemporary state of, 4.8; Gandhi’s retreat to (1910–12), 4.9, 4.10, 4.11, 5.1, 6.2, 10.4; indentured Indian pilgrims’ march to, 5.2; mission of, 4.12; school at, 4.13, 4.14

“To My Numerous Muslim Friends” (Gandhi)

Tory Party (Great Britain), 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1

trains: racial incident of 1893 and, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1; strike of white railway men and (1913), 5.1; third-class compartments on, 2.2

Transvaal, 1.1, 3.1, 4.1; chosen as Gandhi’s base, 4.2; citizenship rights off limits to Indians in, 1.2; Gandhi ordered to leave, 12.1; Gandhi’s departure from (1913), 3.2, 4.3; immigration law in, 3.3, 4.4, 4.5, 12.2; registration issue in, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 4.6, 4.7, 5.1, 12.3. See also Johannesburg

Transvaal Advertiser, 1.1

Transvaal British Indian Association

Transvaal Leader, 5.1, 5.2

Travancore, 7.1, 7.2; Gandhi’s tour of (1937), 10.1; Gandhi’s visit to (1925), 7.3; maharajahs of, 7.4, 7.5, 10.2; maharani of, 7.6, 7.7; mass conversion of Ezhavas in, 10.3; temples thrown open to any manner of Hindu in, 7.8, 10.4. See also Vaikom, Shiva temple at; Vaikom Satyagraha

“Treaty of Separation

Turkey, 6.1, 7.1. See also Ottoman caliphate

Uka (untouchable), 2.1, 2.2, 2.3

Union of South Africa: Anglo-Afrikaner relations and, 5.1; creation of, 1.1, 4.1, 4.2; inequality as basis of, 5.2

United Nations

Unto This Last (Ruskin), 4.1, 12.1

Untouchability Committee (Kerala). See also Vaikom Satyagraha

untouchables, untouchability, 2.1, 4.1, 8.1, 12.1; abolished in 1950 constitution, 9.1; Ambedkar’s campaigns on behalf of, 7.1, 8.2, 9.2; Ambedkar’s vs. Gandhi’s views on predicament of, 10.1; Bhangis (sweepers), 2.2, 2.3, 9.3, 9.4, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4; Bihar earthquake as “divine chastisement” for, 9.5; British officials’ reports on rallies against, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9; caste Hindus dispossessed in communal violence lectured on, 11.1; childhood lessons in distancing and, 2.4; colonial taxonomy and, 2.5; conversion to Buddhism and, 8.3, 10.2; conversion to Christianity and, 2.6; conversion to Islam and, 2.7, 2.8, 7.2, 11.2; cottage industries as salvation for, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 9.10, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5, 12.5; daughter adopted by Gandhi (Lakshmi), 2.9, 6.4; effective mobilization of, 9.11, 9.12, 9.13; feces removal and, 2.10, 2.11, 2.12, 2.13, 6.5, 10.6; Gandhi criticized for inconsistent commitment to, 7.3, 7.4, 8.4, 9.14; Gandhi’s anti-untouchability tour of 1933–34 and, 9.15, 9.16, 9.17, 10.7, 12.6; Gandhi’s campaign in India against oppression of, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 6.10, 6.11, 7.5, 7.6, 8.5, 9.18, 12.7; Gandhi’s condescending tone and, 1.1, 7.7, 8.6, 10.8; Gandhi’s disappointment in struggle against, 10.9; Gandhi’s “fast unto death” and, 9.19, 9.20, 12.8; Gandhi’s fundraising for, 9.21; Gandhi’s ideas of social equality and, 1.2, 2.14, 7.8; Gandhi’s personal experiences with, 2.15, 2.16, 2.17, 2.18, 7.9; Gandhi’s walking tour of Noakhali and, 11.3; “Harijans” as term for, 1.3, 8.7, 9.22, 9.23, 12.9; higher-caste reformers and, 2.19, 2.20; Hindu-Muslim relations and, 2.21, 7.10, 7.11, 10.10, 11.4; imprisonment of other castes with, 3.1; independence movement and, 7.12, 7.13, 7.14, 8.8, 8.9, 9.24, 9.25, 9.26; intercaste marriages and, 2.22, 7.15, 7.16, 9.27; intricacies of caste as practiced in Kerala and, 7.17; Kasturba Gandhi’s feelings about, 2.23, 6.12, 6.13; last mention of, in South African newspaper, 2.24; legislative representation of, 8.10, 8.11, 8.12, 8.13, 9.28, 9.29, 12.10; overlap between indentured servants and, 1.4, 5.1, 6.14; persistence of discrimination against, at end of Gandhi’s life, 1.5; pollution notions and, 2.25, 2.26, 2.27, 7.18, 7.19, 7.20, 7.21, 8.14, 10.11; potential uprising of, 9.30; poverty and, 2.28; practiced by untouchables toward other untouchable groups, 2.29; purification rituals and, 2.30, 2.31, 7.22, 7.23, 7.24, 7.25, 7.26; residing at Gandhi’s ashram, 6.15; rigid and oppressive practice of, in Indian villages, 2.32, 7.27; Round Table Conference of 1931 and, 8.15, 8.16, 8.17; satyagraha campaign and, 7.28 (see also Vaikom Satyagraha); Shraddhanand’s pleadings on behalf of, 7.29, 7.30, 7.31; strictures of, applied to blacks, 3.2; temple-entry issues and (see temple-entry issues); unapproachability and unseeability notions and, 7.32, 7.33; uplifted into Hindu fold, 2.33, 7.34, 7.35; urged to leave Hinduism, 9.31, 9.32; village self-sufficiency and, 9.33, 10.12, 10.13, 10.14, 12.11, 12.12 (see also All India Village Industries Association). See also caste discrimination; Dalits

Usman, Mohammad

Vahed, Goolam, 5.1, 5.2

Vaikom, Shiva temple at: description of, 7.1; Gandhi’s audience with Brahmans at, 7.2, 7.3; priestly caste at, 7.4, 7.5, 9.1; untouchables barred from, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 10.1

Vaikom Satyagraha (1924–25), 7.1, 8.1, 10.1; absence of Pulaya agitation in, 7.2; fasting in, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 9.1, 9.2; first march in, 7.6; Gandhi’s arrival at, 7.7; Gandhi’s first meeting with Narayan Guru and, 7.8; Gandhi’s restraints on tactics in, 7.9, 7.10, 7.11, 8.2, 8.3, 9.3; Gandhi’s visit to Travancore and, 7.12, 8.4; impetus for, 7.13; monument to, 7.14, 7.15; non-Hindus barred from participation in, 7.16, 7.17, 7.18; settlement in, 7.19, 10.2; violent attacks on satyagrahis in, 7.20

Vaikom Taluk Toddy Tappers Union

varnashrama dharma (rules of caste), 2.1, 7.1, 7.2, 10.1

vegetarianism, 1.1, 4.1

Victoria, queen of United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, empress of India, 1.1, 5.1

Vijayanath, Babu, 7.1, 7.2

village self-sufficiency: contemporary microfinance schemes and, 10.1, 12.1. See also All India Village Industries Association

Vivekananda, Swami

Volksrust: Gandhi’s arrest at (1908), 3.1, 5.1, 12.1; Gandhi’s arrest at (1913), 5.2, 12.2; satyagrahis’ illegal border crossings at, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6

Wahab, Abdue

“Walk Alone

Wardha, 10.1; as de facto nationalist capital of India, 10.2; foreign delegations’ visits to, 10.3; Gandhi’s anti-untouchability tour ended in, 9.1; Gandhi’s relocation to, 9.2, 10.4, 10.5, 12.1 (see also Sevagram village and ashram); suicides among indebted cotton farmers of, 10.6

Washington, Booker T., 3.1, 3.2

Wavell, Lord (viceroy), 10.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4

weaving, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 12.1

Weizmann, Chaim

West, Albert

West Bengal, 11.1, 12.1

What Is to Be Done? (Tolstoy), 2.1, 12.1

women: Gandhi’s call for enhanced role for, 8.1, 9.1; in satyagraha, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6; Self Employed Women’s Association and, 12.1; as victims of communal violence, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 12.2

Woodgate, Major General Edward

Working Committee (Congress Party), 10.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3

World Bank

World War I, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 10.1, 12.1; Gandhi’s recruitment of Indian troops for, 6.3, 10.2, 12.2

World War II, 3.1, 8.1, 10.1, 10.2, 12.1; Gandhi’s moral pronouncements on circumstances leading to, 10.3; Indian independence and, 10.4, 11.1; Indian support of British war effort in, 11.2; India’s declaration of war in, 10.5, 11.3; “Quit India!” campaign and, 11.4

yajna (self-sacrifice), Manu’s presence and, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3

Yeravda prison (near Poona), 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1; “fast unto death” campaign in, 9.3, 12.1, 12.2

YMCA (Johannesburg), debate at (1908), 3.1, 3.2

Young India (Gandhi’s weekly newspaper), 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1, 9.1, 12.1

Yunus, Muhammad

zamindars (Indian landlords)

Zionism, 4.1, 10.1

Zululand, 1.1, 3.1

Zulus, 12.1; anti-Indian “pogrom” of (1949), 3.1; Gandhi’s encounters with, 3.2; uprising of (1906), 3.3, 6.1, 12.2 (see also Bhambatha Rebellion); whites and Indians outnumbered by, 3.4. See also Dube, John Langalibalele