INDEX

 

Abed, Fazle Hasan

Abhayanhar

African Chronicle, 1.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2

African National Congress (ANC), 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 10.1, 12.1

Africans. See black South Africans

Aga Khan

Aga Khan Palace (near Poona), Gandhi’s imprisonment at (1942–44), 11.1, 12.1

ahimsa. See nonviolence

Ahmedabad: ashram at (see Sabarmati Ashram); campaign on behalf of mill workers in (1918), 12.1; Congress meeting at (1921), 6.1; Congress meeting at (1924), 8.1; Gandhi’s inability to open temples in, 10.1; riots in (1919), 6.2; Self Employed Women’s Association in, 12.2

Aiyar, P. S., 1.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 8.1, 12.1; Ambedkar compared to, 8.2; satyagraha campaign of 1913 and, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

Ajmer, Rajasthan, Gandhi’s anti-untouchability tour in

Ali, Muhammad, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 7.2; arrests of, 6.3, 6.4; Gandhi’s fasts at bungalow of, 6.5, 7.3, 8.1; Gandhi’s relationship with, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 8.2, 8.3, 12.1; Gandhi’s wearing of loincloth and, 6.9; Khilafat and, 6.10, 6.11, 6.12, 6.13; noncooperation campaign and, 6.14, 6.15

Ali, Shaukat, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 8.1

All India Congress Committee, 2.1, 8.1, 11.1

All India Radio

All India Spinners Association

All India Village Industries Association (AIVIA), 10.1, 12.1; celibacy vow and, 10.2; in context of contemporary India, 10.3; Gandhi’s disappointment with, 10.4, 10.5; recruitment of workers for, 10.6, 10.7, 10.8

All Parties Convention (1928)

Al Qaeda

Alwaye (now called Aluva), Gandhi’s anti-untouchability tour in (1924)

Ambedkar, Bhimrao Ramji, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 10.1, 11.1, 12.1; as Buddhist convert, 8.4; earliest petitions and statements of, on behalf of untouchables, 8.5; educational achievements of, 8.6; in electoral politics, 8.7; final falling-out of Gandhi and, 9.4; Gandhi’s convergence with, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7; Gandhi’s fast unto death and, 9.8, 9.9, 9.10, 9.11; Gandhi’s first meetings with, 8.8; Gandhi visited at Segaon by, 10.2; Hinduism renounced by, 10.3, 10.4; marriages of, 8.9, 9.12, 12.2; at Round Table Conference, 8.10, 8.11, 8.12, 8.13; satyagraha tactics adopted by, 8.14, 8.15, 8.16; separate electorate for untouchables sought by, 8.17, 8.18, 8.19, 8.20, 9.13, 9.14, 9.15, 9.16, 9.17; temple-entry issues and, 8.21, 8.22, 9.18, 9.19, 10.5; as untouchable, 8.23; in writing of 1950 constitution, 8.24, 9.20

Amrita Bazar Patrika, 11.1

Amritsar: Congress meeting at (1919), 6.1, 7.1; massacre at (1919), 6.2, 6.3, 12.1

Andhra, corruption of Congress movement in

Andrews, Charles F., 4.1, 7.1, 7.2, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1

Anglo-Boer War (1899–1902), 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2; stretcher corps led by Gandhi in, 1.3, 2.1, 3.2, 3.3, 10.1, 12.1

anti-Indian laws and regulations, South African, 1.1, 4.1, 12.1, 12.2; educational opportunities and, 4.2, 4.3; final settlement after satyagraha campaign of 1913 and, 5.1; head tax on former indentured Indians and, 3.1, 4.4, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 5.10, 5.11, 5.12, 5.13; immigration restrictions and, 3.2, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 5.14, 5.15, 5.16, 12.3; legitimacy of traditional Indian marriages and, 5.17, 5.18, 5.19; property rights and, 1.2, 4.8; Transvaal’s registration requirements and (“Black Act”), 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 4.9, 4.10, 5.20, 12.4, 12.5; voting rights and, 1.6, 2.1, 2.2, 4.11, 4.12, 5.21

Anti-untouchability League. See Harijan Sevak Sangh

Anything Goes (Porter), 10.1

apartheid, fm.1, 1.1, 2.1; alliance of Indian and African activists in opposition to, 3.1; Indians’ situation under, 5.1

Arab world, 6.1, 6.2; Palestine issue and, 10.1

Area of Darkness, An (Naipaul), 2.1

Armstrong (white planter)

Arya Samaj, 2.1, 7.1

ashrams, 1.1; as base for satyagrahis, 3.1, 4.1; celibacy and other rules at, 6.1; cottage industries at, 6.2; Gandhi’s approval of intercaste marriages at, 9.1; mission of, 4.2, 4.3, 6.3; Ruskin and Tolstoy as inspirations for, 1.2, 4.4, 12.1; sanitation system in, 2.1; untouchables residing at, 6.4. See also Phoenix Settlement; Sabarmati Ashram; Sevagram village and ashram; Tolstoy Farm

Asiatic Act (1907), 3.1, 12.1

Asiatic Law Amendment Ordinance, called “Black Act” (1906), 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 12.1, 12.2

Atatürk (Mustafa Kemal)

Attenborough, Richard

Aurobindo, Sri (Aurobindo Ghose)

Autobiography (Gandhi), 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 8.1, 12.1; “The Story of My Experiments with Truth” as subtitle of, 2.4

Ayyankali, 7.1, 8.1

Ayyappan, Sahodaran

Azad, Maulana, 11.1, 12.1

Bajaj, Jamnalal, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4

Balasundaram (Tamil gardener), 2.1, 2.2, 2.3

Ballengeich mine, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

Balmikis (sometimes spelled Valmikis)

Bangladesh (former East Pakistan, originally East Bengal), 11.1, 11.2, 12.1; commemoration of 140th anniversary of Gandhi’s birth in, 11.3; Hindus remaining in, 11.4, 12.2. See also Noakhali; Srirampur

Banias. See Modh Banias

Bardoli Satyagraha (1928)

Bari, Maulana Abdul, 6.1, 6.2

Baroda, maharajah of

Bauris

Bawazir, Imam Abdul Kader

Bayly, Susan

BBC, 3.1, 4.1, 12.1

Benares (now called Varanasi), Gandhi’s anti-untouchability tour in, 9.1, 9.2

Benares Hindu University

Beneva Sugar Estates

Bengal, 1.1; East, 11.1, 12.1 (see also Bangladesh; Noakhali; Srirampur); united, Suhrawardy’s plan for, 12.2; West, 11.2, 12.3

Bengali language

Bhagavad Gita

Bhambatha, Chief, 3.1, 3.2

Bhambatha Rebellion (1906), 3.1, 12.1; atrocities committed on Zulus in, 3.2; corps of stretcher bearers led by Gandhi in, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 10.1; Dube’s position on, 3.6, 3.7; Gandhi’s decision to support whites in, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 6.1; outbreak of, 3.12

Bhangis (sweepers), 2.1, 2.2, 9.1, 9.2, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3

Bhatt, Ela

Bhave, Vinoba, fm.1, 12.1

Bhavnagar, Gujarat, Gandhi’s anti-untouchability tour in

Bihar, fm.1, 12.1; campaign on behalf of indigo farmers of, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 9.1, 12.2, 12.3; communal violence in, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6, 12.7, 12.8; earthquake in (1934), 9.2

bin Laden, Osama, 6.1, 12.1

Birla, G. D., 11.1, 12.1

Birla House (Delhi), 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5; explosion at, 12.6, 12.7, 12.8; Gandhi’s assassination at, 12.9, 12.10; lax security precautions at, 12.11; turned into shrine, 12.12, 12.13

Bissick, Ada

“Black Act.” See Asiatic Law Amendment Ordinance

black South Africans, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 3.1, 5.1; alliance between Indians and, 3.2, 3.3; Gandhi’s contact with, outside of prison, 3.4, 3.5, 12.1; Gandhi’s imprisonment with, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9; Gandhi’s seemingly racist writings and, 3.10; indentured Indians put on same plane as, 3.11; indentured Indians replaced with, 5.2; “kaffir” epithet for, 3.12, 3.13, 3.14; Natives Land Act and, 3.15, 3.16, 5.3; nonviolence tactic and, 3.17, 10.1; racial separation and, 3.18 (see also apartheid); repressiveness of Afrikaner regime and, 3.19; satyagraha campaign of 1913 and, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6; skin color and, 3.20; YMCA debate of 1908 and, 3.21, 3.22; Zulu uprising of 1906 and, 3.23, 12.2 (see also Bhambatha Rebellion)

Bloemfontein jail, 5.1, 5.2

Boer War. See Anglo-Boer War

Bombay: Ambedkar’s first meeting with Gandhi in (1931), 8.1; Gandhi’s valedictory day as congressman in, 9.1, 10.1; Hindu opinion on untouchability in, 9.2; Jinnah and Gandhi’s talks in (1944), 11.1, 11.2; riots in (1919), 6.1

Bombay Presidency

Bose, Nirmal Kumar, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7

Bose, Subhas Chandra, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2

Botha, Louis, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 5.2, 12.1; three-pound head tax and, 4.1, 4.2; white miners’ strike and, 5.3, 5.4

Bourke-White, Margaret

boycotts: of cloth from English mills, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 8.1, 12.1; of Gandhi’s anti-untouchability tour, by untouchables, 9.1; Hindu-Muslim relations and, 11.1, 12.2

BRAC Bank

brahmacharya. See celibacy vow

Brahmans, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2; Ambedkar’s relations with, 8.3, 9.3; supporters of Vaikom protests, 7.3, 8.4; Vaikom temple and, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 9.4

British Commonwealth, dominion status for India in

British Empire, 8.1; Anglicized native ruling class in colonies of, 6.1, 6.2; clash over South Africa’s proper place in, 5.1; divide and rule tactics of, 1.1, 8.2; Gandhi’s promotion of racial equality in, 3.1; Indians as full citizens of, 1.2, 1.3, 3.2; India’s independence from (see Independence Day; independence movement); South African colonies of, 1.4, 1.5; spread of Indian immigrants throughout, 1.6, 1.7

Brown, Judith

Buber, Martin

Buddhism, untouchables’ conversion to, 8.1, 10.1

Buller, General Redvers

Buxar, Bihar, Gandhi’s anti-untouchability tour in

Calcutta (now called Kolkata): All Parties Convention in (1928), 8.1; communal violence in, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3; Gandhi’s anti-untouchability tour in, 9.1; Gandhi’s fast in, 12.4; Gandhi’s peacekeeping mission to (1947), 12.5, 12.6, 12.7; Gandhi’s visit to (1901), 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 6.1; Hydari Manzil in, 12.8; independence celebration in, 12.9

Campbell, Colin, 5.1, 5.2

Campbell, Marshall, 3.1, 3.2, 12.1; satyagraha campaign of 1913 and, 5.1

Campbell, William

Cape Province, 1.1, 5.1

caste discrimination, 1.1, 5.1, 8.1; ambiguities in Gandhi’s position on, 7.1; British racism equated with, 2.1, 2.2; Christianity and, 2.3, 2.4; dining and, 2.5, 2.6, 3.1, 6.1, 7.2, 7.3, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 10.1; evolution of Gandhi’s ideas about, 2.7, 7.4, 7.5; Gandhi’s London sojourn and, 2.8; Gandhi’s renunciation of, 10.2; imprisonment and, 3.2; Indian National Congress and, 2.9, 2.10; intercaste marriages and, 2.11, 7.6, 7.7, 8.2, 9.4, 10.3; in Kerala, 7.8; Manusmriti burnings and, 8.3; multiplicity of categories and subgroupings in, 1.2, 2.12; possibility of humanizing makeover of, 7.9; predestination doctrine and, 7.10; rigid and oppressive practice of, in Indian villages, 2.13, 7.11; social divide of class in relation to, 1.3, 2.14; in South Africa vs. India, 2.15; strictures of, applied to non-Hindus and foreigners, 3.3, 4.1; Tolstoy’s influence on Gandhi’s thinking about, 2.16, 2.17, 2.18; varnashrama dharma (rules of caste) and, 2.19, 7.12, 7.13, 10.4. See also indentured Indians; untouchables, untouchability

“Caste Has to Go” (Gandhi)

Cawnpore (now called Kanpur): Gandhi’s anti-untouchability tour in

celibacy vow: at Gandhi’s ashrams, 6.1; Gandhi’s own abstinence and, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 6.2, 6.3, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 12.1; in Hinduism (brahmacharya), 1.3, 10.2; Manu as test of, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6; village self-sufficiency campaign and, 10.3

Central Peace Committee

Champaran, Bihar, campaign on behalf of indigo farmers of, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 9.1, 12.1, 12.2

Chaplin, Charlie, 8.1, 8.2

charkha (spinning wheel), 6.1, 6.2, 10.1, 12.1, 12.2. See also spinning

Charlestown, indentured Indian mine workers’ strike in (1913), 5.1, 5.2

Chatterji, Joya

Chauri Chaura, riot at (1922), 6.1, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 12.1

Chelmsford, Lord (viceroy), 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

Chesterton, G. K.

Chicago Tribune, 9.1

China, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1

Christians, Christianity: African converts to, 3.1, 3.2; Gandhi’s flirtation with, 1.1, 2.1, 5.1, 7.1; untouchables converting to, 2.2

Churchill, Winston, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 8.1, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2

civil disobedience, 1.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4; Salt March of 1930 and, 4.1, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2. See also satyagraha

class distinctions, 1.1, 2.1; coolies and, 1.2. See also caste discrimination

class struggle, 9.1; of whites versus whites, 5.1

Communal Award (British ruling on electorates for Indian communities), 9.1; Gandhi’s fast unto death in response to, 9.2

Communists, 3.1, 3.2, 7.1

constitution, Indian (1950), 8.1, 9.1

“coolies”: as affront to Gandhi, 3.1; origin and use of word, 1.1, 12.1. See also indentured Indians

cottage industries: boycott of foreign cloth and, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 8.1; at Gandhi’s ashram, 6.4; as salvation for underemployed, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 12.1; wearing of khadi (homespun cloth) and, 6.8, 8.2. See also spinning

cows, protection of, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1, 10.1

Critic (Johannesburg), 2.1

Czechs, Gandhi’s nonviolent approach to Nazi threat and, 10.1, 11.1

Dacca. See Dhaka

Dafda, Dani

Dafda, Dudabhai Malji, called Duda

Dafda, Lakshmi (outcaste adopted by Gandhi as his daughter), 2.1, 6.1

Daily Herald (London), 8.1, 8.2

Dalits, 2.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 12.1; affirmative action for, 8.2; critical views of Gandhi among, 7.3, 9.5; Gandhi’s anti-untouchability tour protested by, 9.6; “Harijan” term rejected by, 8.3; relative standing of Ambedkar and Gandhi among, 8.4. See also untouchables, untouchability

Dandi Beach, Gandhi’s defiance of salt law at (1930), 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

darshan (merit or uplift gained by being in presence of holy person), 6.1, 6.2, 7.1

dboti. See loincloth

Deekshabhoomi (Nagpur)

Defiance Campaign Against Unjust Laws

Delhi, 12.1, 12.2; Bhangi colony in, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5; communal violence in, 12.6, 12.7, 12.8, 12.9, 12.10; firing on crowd in (1919), 6.1; Gandhi’s assassination in, 12.11, 12.12, 12.13, 12.14; Gandhi’s fast in, 12.15; Gandhi’s final visit to, 12.16; Hindu opinion on untouchability in, 9.1. See also Birla House

Depression, Great, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

Desai, Ashwin, 5.1, 5.2

Desai, Mahadev, 1.1, 6.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4

Desai, Narayan, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2

Dhaka (formerly Dacca), 12.1; commemoration of 140th anniversary of Gandhi’s birth in, 11.1

Dhamma Chakra Pravartan Din (Mass Conversion Ceremony Day)

Dharasana, nonviolent raid on saltworks at (1930)

dharma (duty of righteous man), 6.1, 9.1

Dheds

Dhupelia-Mesthrie, Uma (great-granddaughter), 3.1, 6.1

Dinuzulu, king of Zulus

Direct Action Day (August 16, 1946)

Doke, Joseph, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1

Dravidian language

Dube, James

Dube, John Langalibalele, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 5.1, 12.1; anti-Indianism ascribed to, 3.4; Bhambatha Rebellion and, 3.5, 3.6; Gandhi’s direct contact with, 3.7, 3.8, 5.2; as hallowed figure in South African heritage, 3.9; nonviolent resistance witnessed by, 3.10

Dube, Lulu

Dundee: Gandhi’s arrest and arraignment in, 5.1, 5.2; mines in, 5.3; monument to Gandhi in, 1.1

Durban, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2; Gandhi’s legal practice in, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.3, 2.4, 12.3; Gandhi’s political activities in, 2.5; Gandhi’s post-strike appearances in, 5.3; Gandhi’s prolonged absence from, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6; Gandhi’s speech at racecourse in (1913), 5.4; monument to Gandhi in, 1.4; satyagraha campaign of 1913 in, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8; Zulu “pogrom” against Indians in (1949), 3.3. See also Phoenix Settlement

East Bengal, 11.1, 12.1. See also Bangladesh; Noakhali; Srirampur

East Pakistan. See Bangladesh

Empire Theater (Johannesburg), 1.1, 3.1, 8.1

English language, Gandhi’s use and nonuse of, 1.1, 1.2, 6.1

Erikson, Erik, 1.1, 3.1, 4.1

Esoteric Christian Union, 1.1, 2.1

Ezhavas (sometimes spelled Ilhaves), 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 10.1; mass conversion of, 10.2

fasts, 1.1, 3.1, 4.1, 6.1, 8.1; Gandhi’s decrees on, 7.1, 9.1; Hindu-Muslim violence and, 6.2, 7.2, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4; partial, Gandhi’s daily meager diet as, 4.2; for purification of Congress, 9.2; seventeenth and final, 12.5, 12.6; untouchability issue and, 2.1, 2.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 12.7; in Vaikom Satyagraha, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 9.7, 9.8

Fiji, 1.1, 5.1

“firings”, 6.1, 6.2

First Vote

Fischer, Louis, 2.1, 6.1, 11.1, 11.2

foot-touching

Fort (Johannesburg)

Freud, Sigmund

Gaiety Theater (Johannesburg)

Gandhi (movie), 1.1

Gandhi, Abha (grandniece)

Gandhi, Devadas (fourth son), 4.1, 6.1, 7.1, 12.1

Gandhi, Ela (granddaughter)

Gandhi, Harilal (eldest son), 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 4.1, 4.2, 12.1; father’s disappointment in, 10.1, 10.2

Gandhi, Indira

Gandhi, Jaisukhlal (nephew), 11.1, 11.2

Gandhi, Karamchand, called Kaba (father), 1.1, 12.1

Gandhi, Kastur, called Ba (née Makanji; wife), 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 9.1, 9.2, 12.1, 12.2; death of, 3.2, 11.1, 12.3; husband’s celibacy vow and, 1.4, 4.5; in satyagraha of 1913, 5.3, 5.4; untouchability and, 2.2, 6.2, 6.3

Gandhi, Laxmidas (older brother), 2.1, 4.1, 4.2

Gandhi, Manilal (second son), fm.1, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 6.1, 12.1; in love with Muslim woman, 6.2

Gandhi, Manu (grandniece), 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 12.1; Mahatma’s assassination and, 11.4, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4; as test of Mahatma’s vow of celibacy, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7; in walking tour of Noakhali, 11.8, 11.9, 11.10

Gandhi, Mohandas K.: Aiyar’s views on, 1.1, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 8.1; Ali’s relationship with, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 8.2, 8.3, 12.1 (see also Ali, Muhammad); Ambedkar’s relationship with, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 10.1 (see also Ambedkar, Bhimrao Ramji); ambition of, 1.2, 1.3; ancestors of, 1.4; assassination of, 5.4, 7.1, 9.5, 11.1, 11.2, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6, 12.7; attire of, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 2.1, 4.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 8.7; black South Africans’ contact with, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 12.8 (see also black South Africans); caste background of, 1.8, 2.2, 10.2; caste discrimination and (see caste discrimination; untouchables, untouchability); celibacy vow of, 1.9, 1.10, 3.6, 4.5, 4.6, 6.7, 6.8, 10.3, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 12.9; Christian missionaries and, 1.11, 2.3, 5.8, 7.2; chronology for, 12.10; communal settlements established by (see ashrams; Phoenix Settlement; Sabarmati Ashram; Sevagram village and ashram; Tolstoy Farm); cremation of, 12.11, 12.12; deification of, 6.9; demeanor of, 1.12; dietary rigors of, 1.13, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 4.10, 5.9, 5.10, 5.11, 6.10, 6.11, 6.12; essential foreignness of, 2.4, 2.5; fasting of (see fasts); as father, 4.11; first political speeches of, 1.14; fundamental nature of appeal of, 6.13; funeral of, 12.13, 12.14; Gokhale as mentor of, 1.15, 2.6, 4.12, 6.14, 6.15 (see also Gokhale, Gopal Krishna); health experiments of, 4.13, 5.12, 12.15; Hindu-Muslim unity sought by, 4.14, 6.16, 6.17, 6.18, 6.19, 6.20, 7.3, 8.8, 8.9 (see also Hindu-Muslim relations); imprisonment of, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.15, 5.13, 5.14, 7.4, 8.10, 8.11, 8.12, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 11.6, 12.16, 12.17, 12.18, 12.19; independence movement and, 6.21, 7.5, 8.13, 11.7 (see also independence movement; Indian National Congress; swaraj); Jinnah’s relationship with, 11.8 (see also Jinnah, Mohammed Ali); Kallenbach’s relationship with, 4.16, 10.4 (see also Kallenbach, Hermann); Khilafat movement supported by, 1.16, 6.22 (see also Khilafat, Khilafat movement); languages spoken by, 1.17, 1.18, 1.19, 4.17, 5.15, 6.23, 6.24, 6.25, 6.26, 12.20; mahatma title conferred on, 1.20, 6.27, 7.6; marriage of, 1.21, 1.22, 4.18, 4.19, 4.20 (see also Gandhi, Kastur); massages received by, 4.21, 9.9, 11.9, 11.10, 11.11, 11.12; monuments to, 1.23, 3.10; Nehru as heir and successor of, 11.13 (see also Nehru, Jawaharlal); nonviolent tactics of, 1.24, 4.22, 6.28, 7.7 (see also civil disobedience; noncooperation campaigns; nonviolence; satyagraha); one hundredth anniversary of birth of, fm.1; photographs of, 2.7, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13, 4.23, 5.16, 5.17, 5.18, 5.19, 5.20, 6.29, 6.30, 7.8, 8.14, 8.15, 9.10, 10.5, 11.14, 11.15, 11.16, 11.17, 12.21; pro-British sentiments of, 3.14, 3.15, 3.16, 4.24, 6.31, 6.32, 10.6; racial thinking of, 3.17 (see also black South Africans); return to India of (1915), 1.25, 2.8, 4.25, 4.26, 5.21, 5.22, 5.23, 5.24, 6.33; sanitation and hygiene as concerns of, 2.9, 2.10, 2.11, 2.12, 2.13, 4.27, 6.34, 6.35, 6.36, 9.11, 10.7, 10.8, 11.18; self-rule notion of (see swaraj); social equality notion of, 1.26 (see also caste discrimination; indentured Indians; untouchables, untouchability); transformation or self-invention of, 1.27, 1.28, 1.29, 1.30, 4.28, 4.29, 4.30, 5.25; wartime service of, 1.31, 2.14, 3.18, 3.19, 3.20, 3.21, 6.37, 10.9, 12.22

Gandhi, Prabhudas (grandnephew), 3.1, 4.1

Gandhi, Putlibai (mother), 2.1, 2.2

Gandhi, Rajmohan (grandson), 3.1, 5.1, 5.2, 8.1

Gandhi, Raliatbehn (sister)

Gandhi, Ramdas (third son), 4.1, 12.1

Gandhi, Tushar (great-grandson)

“Gandhian,” use of term

Gandhi Ashram Trust, 11.1, 11.2

Gandhi caps

“Gandhiji’s Talisman”, 12.1, 12.2

Gandhi Raj

Gandhi Seva Sangh, 10.1, 10.2

Gandhi Smriti (Delhi)

Gandhi Square (Johannesburg)

Gandhi Trust

George V, king of England

Germany, Nazi, 3.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 11.1

Gladstone, Herbert, Lord

Glass, Philip

Godavari River

Godse, Nathuram, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4

Gokhale, Gopal Krishna, 2.1, 6.1, 11.1; death of, 6.2, 6.3; as Gandhi’s mentor, 1.1, 2.2, 4.1, 6.4, 6.5; Gandhi’s return to India and, 2.3, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 6.6; Gandhi’s third-class rail travel and, 2.4; satyagraha campaign of 1913 and, 1.2, 5.2; South African visit of, 1.3, 3.1, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 5.3, 5.4; three-pound head tax and, 4.7, 4.8, 5.5

gold mines in South Africa, 1.1, 1.2, 5.1

Gool, Fatima

Goseva Sangh

Grameen Bank

Grand National Hotel (Johannesburg)

Great Calcutta Killing (1946), 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 12.1, 12.2

Gujarat: campaign on behalf of farmers in Kheda district in, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 12.1; communal violence of 2002 in, 12.2; Gandhi’s anti-untouchability tour in, 9.1; Hindu extremism in, 12.3. See also Rajkot

Gumede, Josiah

Gunasiri, Vimalkitti

Gupta, Barun Das

Gurukul, 7.1, 7.2

Guruvayur temple, 9.1, 9.2

Habib, Hadji, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3

Hamidia Mosque (Fordsburg, Johannesburg), 1.1, 3.1

Hardinge, Lord

Hardwar, Kumbh Mela festival at, 6.1, 7.1

Harijan (Gandhi’s weekly newspaper), 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5

“Harijans” (children of God), as term for untouchables, 1.1, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 12.1

Harijan Sevak Sangh, or Harijan Service Society (formerly Anti-untouchability League), 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 10.1, 12.1

head taxes: on former indentured Indians, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 5.10, 5.11, 5.12, 8.1, 8.2 (see also satyagraha campaign of 1913); on Zulus (1906), 3.2, 3.3

hijrat (voluntary migration to truly Muslim country)

Hind Swaraj (Indian Self-Rule; Gandhi), 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 8.1, 12.1, 12.2

Hindu Mahasabha, 7.1, 12.1

Hindu-Muslim relations, 7.1, 8.1, 9.1, 11.1; British exploitation of differences and, 1.1; communal violence and, 1.2, 6.1, 6.2, 7.2, 8.2, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7, 11.8, 11.9, 11.10, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6, 12.7, 12.8; dining and, 2.1; Gandhi’s assassination and, 11.11; Gandhi’s calls for unity and, 4.1, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 7.3, 8.3, 8.4; Gandhi’s disappointment with lack of resolution in, 10.1, 10.2; Gandhi’s fasts and, 6.8, 7.4, 11.12, 11.13, 12.9, 12.10, 12.11; Gandhi’s Noakhali mission and, 11.14, 11.15, 11.16, 11.17; intercommunal marriages and, 6.9, 11.18, 12.12; in jails, 3.1; Khilafat issue and, 6.10, 6.11, 7.5, 7.6, 9.2 (see also Khilafat, Khilafat movement); naming of Madhavan’s son and, 7.7; Nehru Report and, 8.5; scenarios for, absent Gandhi, 7.8; Shraddhanand and, 7.9; in South Africa, 1.3, 4.2, 12.13; untouchability issue and, 2.2, 7.10, 7.11, 10.3, 11.19; wearing of loincloth and, 6.12; Zionism issue and, 10.4

Hindu nationalists, 7.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3; contemporary, 12.4; Gandhi assassinated by, 12.5, 12.6, 12.7

Hindu Rashtra (Hindu Nation; newspaper in Poona), 12.1

Hindus, Hinduism, 1.1, 1.2, 6.1; ahimsa (nonviolence) value of, 6.2, 7.1; Ambedkar’s renunciation of, 10.1, 10.2; celibacy vow in (brahmacharya), 1.3, 10.3; Gandhi’s leadership role and, 7.2, 7.3; Gandhi’s quest for egalitarian reforms in, 7.4, 8.1, 9.1; as great encompassing collective, 2.1; Kumbh Mela festival of, 6.3, 7.5; origin of coinage, 2.2; orthodox, anti-Gandhi demonstrations of, 9.2, 9.3; predestination doctrine in, 7.6; reform movements and, 2.3; remaining in Bangladesh and Pakistan, 11.1, 12.1; sexuality as viewed in, 10.4; varnashrama dharma (rules of caste) in, 2.4, 7.7, 7.8, 10.5 (see also caste discrimination)

Hindustani language, 5.1, 6.1, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3

Hindutva (“Hinduness” doctrine), 12.1

Hitler, Adolf, 3.1, 10.1, 10.2, 12.1

Hoare, Sir Samuel, 9.1, 9.2

Home Ministry

Hughes, Heather

Hurbatsingh (indentured Indian)

Hydari Manzil (Calcutta)

Ilanga lase Natal (Sun of Natal; Zulu newspaper), 3.1, 3.2, 5.1

Ilhaves. See Ezhavas

Illustrated London News, 4.1

indentured Indians, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1; Balasundaram case and, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6; “coolie” as term for, 1.1, 12.1; Critic editorial and, 2.7; demise of indenture system and, 5.3; former, Natal’s head tax on, 3.3, 4.5; Gandhi dressed as, 1.2, 4.6, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6; Gandhi’s condescending tone and, 1.3; Gandhi’s identification with, 5.7; Gandhi’s legal representation of, 2.8; Gokhale’s campaign against, 4.7; intercaste marriages among, 2.9; labor contracts of, 1.4, 4.8, 5.8; Natal Indian Congress and, 2.10, 2.11; overlap between untouchables and, 1.5, 5.9, 6.1; as participants in satyagraha, 1.6, 4.9, 5.10, 5.11, 6.2, 12.2 (see also satyagraha campaign of 1913); put on same plane as Africans, 3.4; as stretcher bearers in corps led by Gandhi, 2.12, 3.5; turning point in Gandhi’s thinking on, 5.12; urged to abandon addictions, 5.13, 5.14

Independence Day (August 15, 1947), 1.1, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5

independence movement, 6.1, 8.1, 11.1, 12.1; Anglicized leadership of, 6.2; conferences with British and, 8.2; dominion status as goal of, 8.3, 8.4; Gandhi restored to leadership role in (1928), 8.5, 8.6; Gandhi’s calls for Hindu-Muslim unity and, 6.3, 6.4, 7.1, 8.7; Gandhi’s first encounters with emerging Muslim leadership of, 6.5; Gandhi’s self-imposed withdrawal from (1924), 7.2, 8.8; Gandhi’s struggle for sexual self-mastery and, 10.1; Nehru Report and, 8.9; proclamation of symbolic independence day and (January 26, 1930), 8.10, 8.11; rallying of Muslims to national cause and, 1.1, 6.6, 6.7, 8.12 (see also Khilafat, Khilafat movement); untouchability issue and, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 8.13, 8.14, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3; widening chasm between Hindus and Muslims in (1940s), 11.2 (see also partition); World War II and, 10.2, 10.3, 11.3. See also Indian National Congress; swaraj

Independent (Indian nationalist newspaper), 7.1

Indian immigrants: spread of, 1.1, 1.2. See also anti-Indian laws and regulations, South African; indentured Indians

Indian National Congress, 1.1, 2.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 10.1, 12.1, 12.2; after Gandhi’s death, 12.3; corruption in, 12.4, 12.5; Gandhi as spokesman of, at Round Table Conference, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3; Gandhi given sole executive authority over, 6.5, 6.6; Gandhi’s first encounter with (1901), 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 6.7, 12.6; Gandhi’s ins and outs from leadership of (1940s), 11.1; Gandhi’s memo on post-independence future of, 12.7; Gandhi’s program adopted by, 6.8; Gandhi’s resignation from (1934), fm.1, 8.4, 9.4, 9.5, 10.2, 10.3, 11.2, 12.8; generational division in, 8.5; Muslim leaders in, 6.9 (see also Ali, Muhammad; Jinnah, Mohammed Ali); Muslims’ break with, 8.6; Nehru Report and, 8.7; partition and, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 12.9, 12.10, 12.11, 12.12; “Quit India!” movement and, 11.6, 11.7; spinning resolution and, 7.4, 8.8, 8.9; support of British war effort and, 11.8; untouchability issue and, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 7.10, 8.10, 8.11, 8.12, 8.13, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 9.10, 9.11; Working Committee of, 10.4, 11.9, 11.10, 11.11

Indian Opinion (Gandhi’s weekly newspaper), fm.1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 9.1, 12.1; moved to Phoenix Settlement, 4.9

Indian Relief Act (1914)

Indian Sociologist (London), 3.1

indigo farmers of Champaran, Bihar, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 9.1, 12.1, 12.2

industrialization, critiques of ravages of, fm.1, 4.1, 4.2, 8.1, 10.1

intercaste marriages, 2.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 9.1, 10.1

intercommunal marriages, 6.1, 11.1, 12.1

Irving, Washington

Irwin, Lord (viceroy), 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 12.1

Islam, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 7.1, 11.1; forcible conversions of Hindus to, 11.2, 11.3; symbolic importance of Ottoman caliphate and, 6.4 (see also Ottoman caliphate); untouchables converting to, 2.1, 2.2, 7.2, 11.4. See also Muslims, Indian

Italy, Gandhi’s stay in (1931), 8.1, 12.1

Izwi Labantu (Zulu newspaper), 3.1

Jabavu, John Tengo

Jajoo, U. N.

Jamaat-i-Islami

Jama Masjid (Delhi), 7.1, 7.2

Japan, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2

Jasidih, Bihar, Gandhi’s anti-untouchability tour attacked in

Jewish Agency, 10.1, 10.2

Jews: German, satyagraha recommended to, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1; in India, 7.1; Zionist movement and, 4.1, 10.3

jihad, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

Jinnah, Mohammed Ali, called Quaid-i-Azam, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 8.1, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3; blocked payment to Pakistan and, 12.4; communal violence deplored by, 11.5; “direct action” campaign of, 11.6; Gandhi’s negotiations over partition with, 11.7, 12.5; Gandhi’s relationship with, 11.8; Nehru Report and, 8.2; sartorial transformation of, 11.9

Jinnah, Ruttie

Jinnah caps

Johannesburg, 6.1; burning of residential permits in (1908), 1.1, 3.1; as Gandhi’s base of operations, 1.2, 4.1, 4.2 (see also Tolstoy Farm); Gandhi’s imprisonment in, 3.2; Gandhi’s racial encounter in, 1.3; monuments to Gandhi in, 1.4, 3.3; plague in, 3.4; white workers’ general strikes in (1913), 5.1, 5.2; YMCA debate in (1908), 3.5, 3.6

Joseph, George, 7.1, 7.2

Joyag, Noakhali, Gandhi museum near

“kaffir”: Gandhi’s use of epithet, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3; origin and use of word, 3.4

Kallenbach, Hermann, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 5.1, 11.1, 12.1; as architect, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7; background of, 4.8; as bodybuilder, 4.9; detained during World War I, 5.2, 10.1; Gandhi’s agreements with, 4.10, 4.11, 4.12; Gandhi’s correspondence with, 4.13, 4.14, 4.15, 4.16, 5.3, 6.1, 6.2, 9.1, 10.2; Gandhi’s reunion with, 10.3, 10.4; Jewish identity of, 4.17; Johannesburg homes of Gandhi and, 4.18; rivals for Gandhi’s attention and, 4.19; satyagraha campaign of 1913 and, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8; Tolstoy Farm and, 3.3, 4.20, 4.21, 10.5, 10.6; Zionism and, 4.22, 10.7

Kallenbach, Simon

Kanyakumari, Devi temple at

Karachi, Gandhi’s anti-untouchability tour in

Karkare, Vishnu

Kashmir, 12.1, 12.2

Kasturba Gandhi Hospital (Wardha)

Kepel, Gilles

Kerala: intricacies of caste as practiced in, 7.1, 7.2; religious diversity in, 7.3. See also Travancore; Vaikom, Shiva temple at; Vaikom Satyagraha

khadi, or khaddar (hand-loomed cloth), 6.1, 8.1, 10.1, 11.1, 12.1

Kheda, Gujarat, campaign on behalf of farmers in, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 12.1

Khilafat (caliphate), Khilafat movement, 1.1, 6.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2; bin Laden’s views on, 6.2, 12.3; erosion of Ottoman power and, 6.3, 6.4; Gandhi’s ascendance and, 1.2, 6.5, 6.6; Gandhi’s loincloth and, 6.7; Hindu-Muslim accommodation and, 6.8, 6.9, 7.4, 7.5, 9.1; Jinnah’s skepticism about, 6.10; noncooperation strategy and, 6.11, 6.12, 6.13, 6.14; as preeminent Indian cause among Muslims, 6.15; rallying of Muslims to national cause and, 1.3, 6.16, 6.17, 8.1; waning of, 6.18, 6.19, 6.20, 6.21

Khilafat Committee

kibbutzim

Kildonan Castle, 4.1

Kinfauns Castle, 5.1

Kingdom of God Is Within You, The (Tolstoy), 2.1, 12.1

Kipling, Rudyard

Kochrab Ashram. See Sabarmati Ashram

Kochu, K. K.

Kohat, riots in (1924)

Kolhapur, maharajah of

Kolis

Kolkata. See Calcutta

Koran, 6.1, 6.2

Kripalani, J. B., 11.1, 11.2, 12.1

Kripalani, Sucheta

Kumarappa, J. C. (formerly Joseph Cornelius)

Kumbh Mela, 6.1, 7.1

Kwa-Mashu

Labor Party (Great Britain), 8.1, 8.2

Ladysmith, monument to Gandhi in

Lahore: communal violence in, 12.1; Gandhi’s speech in (1947), 12.2

Laski, Harold

“Last Will and Testament, The

Lawrence, Vincent, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 8.1

Lazar, Hannah (Kallenbach niece)

legislative institutions: Communal Award and (British ruling on electorates for Indian communities), 9.1; Gandhi’s scorn for, 4.1, 5.1; Muslim representation in, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.2, 9.3; Poona Pact and, 9.4, 9.5; Swarajists and, 7.1; untouchable representation in, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 9.6, 9.7, 12.1

Life of Mahomet (Irving), 6.1

Linlithgow, Lord (viceroy)

Lloyd George, David

Lohia, Rammanohar

loincloth: Gandhi’s wearing of, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 6.1, 6.2; symbolic meanings of, 1.3, 6.3, 10.1

Lok Sevak Sangh (People’s Service League)

London: Gandhi’s last visit to (1931), 8.1; Gandhi’s 1909 mission to, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1; Gandhi’s three years in (1888–1891), 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 12.1; Round Table Conference in (1931), 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5; suffragette demonstrations in, 1.3, 5.1

London Missionary Society

London Vegetarian Society

Luthuli, Albert

Macaulay, Thomas B.

MacDonald, Ramsay, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4

Madhavan, T. K., 7.1, 7.2, 7.3

Madras (now called Chennai): food shortage in (1948), 12.1; Gandhi’s anti-untouchability tour in, 9.1

Madras Legislative Council

Mahad, Maharashtra, Ambedkar’s demonstrations in

Mahadevan, T. K.

Mahars, 8.1, 8.2

Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Science (Wardha)

Mahomed, Dawad

Maitland, Edward

Malabar, Muslim rebellion in (1921)

Malabar Hill (Bombay) talks (1944), 11.1, 11.2

Malayala Manorama (Kerala newspaper), 7.1, 7.2

Mandela, Nelson, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 5.1

Manusmriti, 8.1

Mappilas, or Moplahs

marriages: forced, of Hindu women with Muslim men, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1; Indian, without legal standing in South Africa, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3; intercaste, 2.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 9.1, 10.1; intercommunal, of Hindus and Muslims, 6.1, 11.3, 12.2

Mauritius, 1.1, 5.1

Mayawati

McCallum, Sir Henry, 3.1, 4.1

Mehta, Ved

Menon, Krishna

Mesopotamia (now in Iraq)

microfinance schemes, 10.1, 12.1

mine workers: indentured Indian, protest of (1913), 1.1, 1.2, 5.1, 12.1 (see also satyagraha campaign of 1913); white, strike of (1913), 5.2, 5.3

Minorities Committee

“Minute on Indian Education” (Macaulay)

Modh Banias, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1

Morning Post (London), 2.1

Mountbatten, Lord (viceroy), 12.1, 12.2, 12.3

Mount Edgecombe: Gandhi’s encounter with Dube at, 3.1, 5.1; turmoil at Campbell’s plantation at, 5.2, 5.3

Muggeridge, Malcolm

Munshi Ram, Mahatma. See Shraddhanand, Swami

Muslim League, 6.1, 6.2, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7, 11.8, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4; Gandhi’s walking tour of Noakhali and, 11.9, 11.10, 11.11, 11.12, 12.5. See also Jinnah, Mohammed Ali, called Quaid-i-Azam

Muslims, Indian, 1.1, 6.1; as converts to noncooperation and satyagraha, 6.2; Gandhi’s ascendance and, 1.2, 6.3, 6.4; Gandhi’s relations with leaders of, 6.5; “kaffir” epithet and, 3.1; legislative representation of, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1, 9.2; merchants in South Africa, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 4.1, 6.6; in post-partition India, 12.1; preservation of Khilafat (caliphate) as preeminent cause among, 6.7 (see also Khilafat, Khilafat movement). See also Hindu-Muslim relations; Islam

Mussolini, Benito, 8.1, 8.2, 12.1