A circular causality of intentionality is presented by Walter J
   Freeman in 1999 that is similar to the Perceptual Control Theory
   (PCT) but does not mention it. "Circular causality explains
   intentionality in terms of "action-perception cycles"
   (Merleau-Ponty, 1945) and affordances (Gibson, 1979), in which
   each perception concomitantly is the outcome of a preceding
   action and the condition for a following action. Dewey (1914)
   phrased the same idea in different words; an organism does not
   react to a stimulus but acts into it and incorporates it. That
   which is perceived already exists in the perceiver, because it
   is posited by the action of search and is actualized in the
   fulfillment of expectation. The unity of the cycle is reflected
   in the impossibility of defining a moving instant of 'now' in
   subjective time, as an object is conceived under linear
   causality. The Cartesian distinction between subject and object
   does not appear, because they are joined by assimilation in a
   seamless flow. "
   [1]http://sulcus.berkeley.edu/freemanw*/manuscripts/IF8/99.html
   This is in opposition to the standard "cause-effect" model, or
   rather that the cause-effect model is
   inadequate.[2]circular-causality

References

   Visible links
   1. http://sulcus.berkeley.edu/freemanwww/manuscripts/IF8/99.html
   2. http://icopiedyou.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/circular-causality.gif