Thank you and I do. Already this line: " P and not P; that is, being and not being. not (P or not P); that is, neither being nor not being. It is interesting to note that under propositional logic, De Morgan's laws imply that the fourth case (neither P nor not P) is equivalent to the third case (P and not P), and is therefore superfluous." De Morgan's laws' implications of "neither nor not" is equivalent to "not" - REALLY, to me, puts a missing spot in propositional logic. There's several fallacies that really aren't fallacies at all, but they're based upon a limitation of the system being worked within.