THE GREAT WORKS OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION The purpose of this list is to provide a starting point for those interested in reading the original sources for all of the concepts that underly Western thought. Links will be provided to downloadable files. Ancients Homer: Iliad, Odyssey Aeschylus: Agamemnon, Libation Bearers, Eumenides, Prometheus Bound Sophocles: Oedipus Rex, Oedipus at Colonus, Antigone, Philoctetes, Ajax Euripides: Hippolytus, Bacchae, Medea Aristophanes: Clouds Herodotus: Histories Thucydides: Peloponnesian War Plato: Meno, Gorgias, Republic, Apology, Crito, Phaedo, Symposium, Parmenides, Theaetetus, Sophist, Timaeus, Phaedrus, Laws, Ion, Laches Xenophon, Memorabilia, Anabasis, Education of Cyrus Euclid: Elements Aristotle: Poetics, Physics, Metaphysics, Nicomachean Ethics, On Generation and Corruption, Politics, Parts of Animals, Generation of Animals, De Anima, On Interpretation, Prior Analytics, Categories Hebrew Bible: Genesis, Exodus, Samuel I and II, Ecclesiastes, Proverbs, Song of Songs, Psalms The Bible: New Testament Epictetus: Discourses, Manual Lucretius: On the Nature of Things Plutarch: Lycurgus, Solon Virgil: Aeneid Plutarch: “Caesar,” ”Cato the Younger,” “Antony,” “Brutus” Tacitus: Annals Cicero: On the Republic, On Friendship, About the ends of Goods and Evils Aurelius: Meditations Plotinus: The Enneads Augustine: Confessions, The City of God St. Anselm: Proslogium 1077-1078 Maimonides: Guide for the Perplexed Aquinas: Summa Theologica Dante: Divine Comedy Chaucer: Canterbury Tales Moderns Copernicus: Dedication of The Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies, 1543 Machiavelli: The Prince, Discourses More: Utopia Erasmus: In praise of folly Luther: 95 Theses Calvin: Institutes of Christian Religion 1536 Montaigne: Essays Rabelais: Gargantua and Pantagruel Shakespeare: Richard II, Henry IV, Henry V, The Tempest, As You Like It, Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, King Lear, Sonnets Cervantes: Don Quixote Descartes: Discourse on Method, Meditations, Rules for the Direction of the Mind Galileo Harvey (1578-1657): On The Motion of The Heart And Blood In Animals, 1628 Bacon: Novum Organum Hobbes: Leviathan Milton: Paradise Lost La Rouchefoucauld: Maximes La Fontaine: Fables Pascal: Pensees Spinoza: Ethics, Theological-Political Treatise Moliere: Le Misanthrope Locke: Second Treatise of Government Racine: Phaedre Newton: Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy Kepler: Harmony of the World Swift: Gulliver’s Travels Leibniz: The Monadology, 1714. Lessing:The Education of The Human Race, 1778 Voltaire: Candide Condorcet: On the Future Progress of the Human Mind, 1794 Hume: Treatise of Human Nature Montesquieu: Spirit of the Laws (1748) Fielding: The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling (1749) Rousseau: Social Contract, Discourse on the Origin of Inequality, Emile, Confessions Gibbon: Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Adam Smith: Wealth of Nations, Theory of Sentiments Burke: Reflection on the Revolution in France Boswell: The Life of Johnson A. Pope: Essay on Man Paine: Common Sense, The Rights of Man FRENCH Declaration of the Rights of Man Kant: Critique of Pure Reason, Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals, What is Enlightenment? AMERICAN FOUNDING DOCUMENTS: “Articles of Confederation,” “Declaration of Independence,” “Constitution of the United States of America” Hamilton, Jay and Madison: The Federalist Anti-federalists Schiller: Letters Upon The Aesthetic Education of Man, 1794 Goethe: Faust, Metamorphosis of Plants David Ricardo (1772-1823): The principles of political economy and taxation, 1815 LANDMARK SUPREME COURT CASES Franklin: Autobiography Jefferson: writings Herder Goethe: Faust, Metamorphosis of Plants Clausewitz, On War Hegel: Phenomenology of Spirit Fichte Carlyle Emerson Thoreau: Civil Disobedience Whitman, Leaves of Grass Tocqueville: Democracy in America Lincoln: Selected Speeches Cooper Union Address Douglass: Narrative of the Life Benjamin Disraeli: Utilitarian Follies John Henry Newman: Sermons, Who is to Blame? Herbert Spencer: Progess: Its Law and Causes, 1857 John Stuart Mill: On Liberty, Autobiography Kierkegaard: Philosophical Fragments, Fear and Trembling Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice George Eliot: Middlemarch *************** 19th Century Darwin: Origin of Species, Descent of Man, Voyage of the Beagle Marx: Capital, Political and Economic Manuscripts of 1844, The German Ideology Dostoevski: Brothers Karamazov, Demons, Crime and Punishment, Notes form Underground Tolstoy: War and Peace, Anna Kerenina Melville: Billy Budd, Bartleby the Scrivener, Benito Cereno Charles Saunders Peirce, Fixation of Belief William James, Psychology, Briefer Course Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., Supreme Court Opinions, writings Nietzsche: Beyond Good and Evil, Birth of Tragedy, Uses and Abuses of History for Life Baudelaire: Flowers of Evil, What is Romanticism? de Quincey: Confessions of an English Opium Eater Thomas Henry Huxley: Evolution and Ethics, 1894. Louis Pasteur : Extension of The Germ Theory, 1880 Collingwood, Autobiography, the Idea of History Stendhal: The Red and the Black Proust: Swann’s Way Emile Durkheim Suicide: A Study in Sociology; Elementary forms of Religious Life Flaubert: Un Coeur Simple, Madame Bovary 20th Century (1900) Freud: Interpretation of Dreams Planck Conrad, Heart of Darkness Bergson, Creative Evolution Max Weber, Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Science as a Vocation, Economy and Society Booker T. Washington: Selected Writings W.E.B. Du Bois: The Souls of Black Folk Pope PIUS X, Pascendi Dominici Gregi (1910) Franz Boas, Mind of Primitive Man Proust, In search of lost time James Joyce: The Dead, Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Ulysses Oswald Spengler, Decline of the West Jung, C.G.Psychology of the Unconscious: A Study of the Transformations and Symbolisms of the Libido, a Contribution to the Evolution of Thought. (1916) Henry Adams, The Education of Henry Adams (1918) John Maynard Keynes: The Economic Consequences of the Peace (1919) T.S. Eliot, The Wasteland Wittgenstein: Tractatus, Philosophical Investigations, Blue and Brown Books Lenin: The State and Revolution (1920) Yeats Thomas Mann,Magic Mountain Woolf,To the Lighthouse, Mrs. Dalloway SCOPES TRIAL H.L. Mencken Walter Lippmann Kafka, The Castle, The Trial Hitler, Mein Kampf Buber, Martin. I and Thou. 1923 Lukacs: History and Class Consciousness Heisenberg, Werner. Uncertainty Principle. 1927 Heidegger, Being and Time (1927), selections from “Basic Writings” Freud, Civilization and its Discontents (1929) (1930) Kurt Gödel: On Formally Undecidable Propositions Of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems, 1931 Benedict, Ruth. Patterns of Culture. 1934 Keynes: The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. (1936) Husserl: Crisis of the European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology Kojeve: Introduction to the reading of Hegel: Lectures on the Phenomenology of Spirit Mumford: Technics and Civilization (1940) Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno: Dialectic of Enlightenment Erich Fromm: The Fear of Freedom Karl Jaspers: The Perennial Scope of Philosophy Koestler: Darkness at Noon Malraux: Man’s Fate Neumann: Behemoth: The Structure and Practice of National Socialism Polanyi: The Great Transformation Popper: The Open Society and Its Enemies Samuelson: Economics: An Introductory Analysis Schumpeter: Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy Martin Wright: Power Politics Kinsey, Alfred C. Sexual Behavior in the Human Male. 1948 Riesman: The Lonely Crowd F. Hayek: Road to Serfdom (1944) Orwell, Essays, 1984 Richard Weaver, Ideas Have Consequences NUREMBERG WAR CRIME TRIALS (1950) Hannah Arendt: The Origins of Totalitarianism, The Human Condition Raymond Aron: The Opium of the Intellectuals Kenneth Arrow: Social Choice and Individual Values Roland Barthes: Mythologies Winston Churchill: The Second World War Norman Cohn: The Pursuit of the Millennium Milovan Djilas: The New Class: An Analysis of the Communist System Mircea Eliade: Images and Symbols Marcuse, Eros and Civilization Lucien Febvre: The Struggle for History John Kenneth Galbraith: The Affluent Society Erving Goffman: The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life Arthur Koestler and Richard Crossman (eds): The God That Failed: Six Studies in Communism Primo Levi: If This is a Man Claude Lévi-Strauss: A World on the Wane. Tristes Tropiques 1955 Czeslaw Milosz: The Captive Mind David Riesman: The Lonely Crowd Vasily Grossman, Life and Fate (1959) Jacques Ellul: The Technological Society (La technique ou l’enjeu du siècle.) 1954 Leo Strauss: Natural Right and History Arnold Toynbee: A Study of History Ludwig Wittgenstein: Philosophical Investigations Mills, C. Wright. The Power Elite. 1956 Maslow, Abraham. Motivation and Personality. 1954. Bernays, Edward. The Engineering of Consent. 1955 Greenberg, Clement. Art and Culture: Critical Essays Beauvoir, Simone de. The Second Sex. Bernard LONERGAN: Insight: A Study of Human Understanding (1960) Walter Miller, Jr., A Canticle for Leibowitz Herman Kahn, On Thermonuclear War MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. Letter from Birmingham Jail Hannah Arendt: Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil Daniel Bell: The End of Ideology Michel Foucault: Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason Milton Friedman: Capitalism and Freedom Alexander Gerschenkron: Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective Antonio Gramsci: Prison Notebooks Thomas Kuhn: The Structure of Scientific Revolutions Claude Lévi-Strauss: The Savage Mind Konrad Lorenz: On Aggression E. P. Thompson: The Making of the English Working Class John XXIII, Pope. Encyclicals of Pope John XXIII. 1965 Friedan, Betty. The Feminine Mystique Jacques LACAN, Ecrits (1966) McLuhan: The Medium is the Massage: An Inventory of Effects (1967) (1970) Piaget: Structuralism (1971) Daniel Bell: The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism Isaiah Berlin: Russian Thinkers Ronald Dworkin: Taking Rights Seriously Clifford Geertz: The Interpretation of Cultures Albert Hirschmann: Exit, Voice, and Loyalty Leszek Kolakowski: Main Currents of Marxism Hans Küng: On Being a Christian Robert Nozick: Anarchy, State and Utopia John Rawls: A Theory of Justice Gershom Scholem: The Messianic Idea in Judaism Alexander Solzhenitsyn: The Gulag Archipelago Pynchon: Gravity’s Rainbow Derrida: Of Grammatology Althusser Habermas Barthes, Death of the Author Lasch: The Culture of Narcissism: American Life in an Age of Diminishing Expectations Carson, Silent Spring Jacques Monod: Chance and Necessity Edward O Wilson: On Human Nature Richard Dawkins: The Selfish Gene (1980) Vaclav Havel: Living in Truth Alisdair MacIntyre: After Virtue Stephen Hawking: A Brief History of Time Milan Kundera: The Book of Laughter and Forgetting Primo Levi: The Drowned and the Saved Roger Penrose: The Emperor’s New Mind: Concerning Computers, Minds, and the Laws of Physics Richard Rorty: Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature Amartya Sen: Resources, Values and Development Michael Walzer: Spheres of Justice Said: Orientalism Bloom: Closing of the American Mind (1990) Fredric Jameson, Postmodernism or, The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism (1990) .