* ENGLISH REVIEWER ** L13GPENG.org *** PLAGIARISM **** CONTENT ***** SANCTIONS [SSA SPECIFIC] 1. If proven, zero score to the activity, project or output 2. If proven, zero in that part of test and only 70% of the student's total score will be recorded 3. There are other punishments, depending on the severity of the act ***** WHAT IS IT? Plagiarism is the act of using someone's words and claiming it as theirs without any credit, performing this can result you failing the course, be suspended or in some cases, be expelled from school or anywhere. ***** TYPES OF PLAGIARISM 1. VERBATIM PLAGIARISM This is where you copy stuff from somewhere and claim it as yours, This often includes phrasing without quotation marks, no credit most of the time 2. PARAPHRASING PLAGIARISM This is when you rephrase the words of someone and submitting it as your own There is only a minimun amount of words that you are allowed to paraphrase, sometimes based on the file or the source that you accessed 3. GLOBAL PLAGIARISM This is when you take an entire output that was made by someone else and claim it as yours without any credit given to them, or maybe when you ask someone to do the activity for you In all of the plagiarism types, this is the most severe 4. PATCHWORK PLAGIARISM This is where you copy paste multiple phrases to create a new paragraph and submit it as your own output without any credit, its called patchwork as the output will look like its been sewn into one thing 5. SELF-PLAGIARISM This is where you use your own work that's already been created and creditted previously to someone else ** L23GPENG.org *** PHILIPPINE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT **** OBJECTIVES 1. read the test entitled "need for more study Philippine Economic Development" 2. Share a few ideas with the class 3. To supply a fairer view of Filipino Participation and Supplement the Defective Spanish Accounts **** CONTENT ***** AGRICULTURE At the time of the arrival of the Spaniards, agriculture in the Philippines was in a omparatively prosperous condition The Filipinos cultivated rice, which as today, formed their chief article of food, They also grew sugar canes, coconuts, indigo, sweet potatoes and other tubers, various kinds of bananas, the betel-nute palm, the tamarind, Iansone, and several varieties of legumes, etc With the coming of the Spaniards, very many plants which are commonly considered to be indigenous in this country, were introduced, The most important economic plant since Spanish discoery was the tobacco, which today forms one of the staple crops, the cacaeo nut was important, the pineapple and etc. ***** LIVESTOCK The Filipinos as the time of discovery had domestic animals like dogs, cats, pigs, goats, and buffaloes (i.e carabaos). "There were no horses nor mares, the islands until the Spaniards had them brought from China to nowhere else" It has been truly said that the Filipinos has been affected by the centuries of Spanish coverignty far less on this material side that he has on his spiritual, For as we read the early accounts about agricultural life at the time of discovery and conquest, and compare it with that of a decade ago. Then, the women did most of the work pounding the rice for use, whereas today, the men do it, furthermore in the early days, the system of irrigating the rice fields that is used today was known and practiced, of course, the so-called caigini method of cultivation prevailed, but the considerable of rice which as various times were contributed by the Filipinos for the support of the Spanish conquerers. ***** LANDHOLDING The lands of the ancient Filipinos were divided among the whole barangay, so that each one had his holding and no resident of one barangay was allowed cultivate lands in another barangay unless he has aquired them by inheritance or gift purchase In some barangays, the lands belong to the chief through purchase from the original owners With the coming of the Spaniards, lands were assigned to the colonists of which they were to have perpetual ownership after four years; residence, It is in connection with the administration of these encomiendas that we find the annals of the Philippines many accounts of abuses and exortions practiced on the natives and the consequent exile However, be supposed that the Filipinos were actually disposed of their lands by the kind, for althought according the constitutional law of the Indies that and the soil in all colonies where the domain of the kind ***** SHIP BUILDING One of the most important industries in the Philippines during this period was shipbuilding, we would naturally expect this industry to be developed among the Filipinos, for they belong to a seafaring race that for centuries had been pushing their way northward and taking possession of Islands of this part of the Pacific, furthermore, one settled in this country, they had abundant supply of good timber for building purposes, Morga described the various kinds of ships and boats used by the Filipinos.. ***** FISHING as next to rice, fish formed an important part of the diet of the Filipinos, we find them engaged to the fishing industry at the time of discovery and conquest, Magellan and his part saw many fishing boats near the coasts of islands passed by them Most of the devices used today for catching fish were known to them to the ancient Filipinos ***** METAL WORK AND MINING The early accounts abound in glowing descriptions of the meaning wealth of this country Cheif among the industries connected with the various kinds of palms found in the Philippines was the distillation of the sap into alcohol, a process known to the Filipinos long before the Spanish Arrival Their drink is a wine made from the tops of coco, and nipa palm, of which there is a great abundance. they are grown and tended line vineyards ***** TEXTILE INDUSTRY Weaving was one of the of industries well-known to the Filipinos long before the coming of the Spaniards, Contemporary writers speak of the great quanttity of clothes, especially cotton, woven in the country ***** MISCELLANOUS INDUSTRY The Filipinos first seen by the Spaniards were not wandering savages, as commonly assumed by later day wirters, by the manner in which they built their own houses- which very much resembled those of today, and fixed their settlements, It is from such and other similar facts that Rizal, and other writers claimed for the early Filipinos a higher degree of culture that they were given credit for. ** L33GPENG.org *** CITATION **** CONTENT ***** WHAT IS IT? According to the University Library (n.d), citation identifies for the reader the original source for an idea, information or image that is reffered to in a work ***** WHY CITE? Well besides avoiding plagiarism, citing: 1. Is thie right thing to do, especially when if comes to crediting those who originally had the idea 2. shows that you have read and understood what experts had to say about your topic 3. Helps people find the sources that you used in case they want to read more about the topic 4. Provides evidence for your arguments 4. is professional, and a standard practice for students and scholars ***** IN CITING SOURCES ****** IN TEXT CITATION In a body of a paper, the in text citation acknowledges the source of the information used. ****** REFERENCES At the end of a paper, the citations are compiled on a references or works cited list. ***** CITATION BASICS 1. In the body of the paper to acknowledge the source of your information, This is meant to be a shortened version of the full citation that appears in the final page of your paper 2. Place full citations for all your sources on the last page entitled "REFERENCES" or "WORKS CITED" (different citation styles require different titles) Full citations are meant to provide readers with enough information so that they can locate the source themselves 3. APA and MLA are citation styles commonly used, There's also a citation style called "Chicago" but unfortunately its not that common ***** MPA AND APA ****** MPA MPA stands for the "Modern Language Association", This is a citation style. ****** APA APA stands for the "American Psychological Association", This is another common citation style,and is also the one used by the school that i am studying in (also where im getting these stupid notes from) Currently, we are using the 7th Edition of APA ***** WHAT SHOULD YOU CITE? ****** QUOTING Are you quoting two or more consecutive words from a source, Then the original source should be cited and the words of phrase place in quotes. ****** PARAPHRASING If an idea or information comes from another source, even if you put it in your own words, you still need to credit the source ****** GENERAL VS. UNFAMILIAR KNOWLEDGE You do not need to cite material which is accepted common knowledge, if in doubt, whether your information is common knowledge or not, cite it. ****** FORMATS We usualy think of books and articls here, However if you use material from websites, films, grpahs, tables, etc, you'll also need to cite thses as well ***** HOW TO USE APA FORMATS AND QUOTING When using the APA format, follow the author-date method of In-Test citatiom, This means that the author's last name and the year of publication for the source should appear in the text Ex. (Jayme, 1998) (i know, i used rally's name but im trying to personalize it here, im so sorry rally ToT) If you are not referring to an idea from another work BUT NOT directly quoting the material, or making reference to an entire book, article or other work, you only have to make reference to the author and year of publication and not the page number in your in-text reference On the other hand though, if you are directly quoting or borrinwg from another book, you should include the page number at the end of the parenthetical citation, Use the abbreviation "p." (for one page) and "pp." (for mutitple pages) before listing the page numbers (s), use an en dash before listing the rangers, For example you might write "(Macasiano, 2008, pp. 300-341)" This information is reliterated below NOTE: Regardless of how they are referenced, all sources that are cited must appear in the end of the paper. ***** IN-TEXT CITATION CAPITALIZATION, QUOTES AND ITALICS/UNDERLINING Always capitalize proper pronouns, including author names and initials "R.A.T. Red" If you refer to the title of a source within your paper, capitalize all words that four letters long or greater within the title of a source, "Permanence and Change Exceptions" apply to short words that are verbs. nouns, pronouns, adjectives and adverbs. Ex. Writing New Media, There is Noting Left to Lose NOTE: In your references list, only the first word of a title should be capitalized. Ex. Writing new media ***** TITLES When capitalizing titles, capitalize both words and hyphenated compound words Ex. Natural-Born Cyborgs Capitalize the first word after a dash or colon, If the title of the work is italicized in your reference list, Italicize it, and use case capitalization in text: Ex. American Mind The Wizard of Oz: Friends If the title of the work is italicized in your REFERENCE list se(?) double quotation marks and title case capitalization Ex. Multimedia Narration: Construction Possible Worlds; "The One Where Chandler Can't Cry" ***** SHORT QUOTATIONS If you are directly quotaing from another work, you will need to include the author, year of publication, and page number for the reference (preceded by "p." for a single page and "pp." for a span of multiple pages, with the page numbers seperated by an en dash You can introduce the quotation with a signal phrase that includes the author's last name followed by the date of publication in parenthesis Ex. Nene (1998) found "students often had difficulty using APA style" (p. 199) ***** CHEATSHEET Signal Phrase = According to.. Parenthetical Citation = inside a parenthesis ***** LONG QUOTATIONS Place Direct quotations that are 40 words or longer in a free standing block of typewritten lines and omit quotations, Start the quotation on a new line, indented 1/2 inch from the left margin "Direct quotatoins from sources that do not contain pages should not ference another logical identifiying element: a paragraph, a chapter number, a section number, a table, number, or something else. Older works (like religious texts) can also incorporate special location indentifiers like verse numbers" In short: pick a substitute for page numbers that makes sense of your source. Ex. Masongsong (1882) found a variety of causes of student dissatisfaction.. ** L43GPENG.org *** REFERENCES OR WORKS CITED (APA, 7th EDITION) **** CONTENTx ***** FORMATTING A REFERENCE LIST 1. Your reference list should appear... ***** BASIC RULES 1. All author's nams should be inverted (i.e last names should be provided) 2. Author's first and middle names should be written as initials 3. If a middle name isnt available, just initialize the author's first name [ex. Red R.] 4. Give the last name and first middle initials for all authors of a particular work up to and including 20 authors (this is a new rule, as APA only required the first six authors), Seperate each authors initials from the next author in the list with a comma, Use an ampersand (&) before the last author's name. if there are 21 or more authors, use an ellipsis 5. Reference list entries should be alphabetized by the last name of the first author of each work 6. For multiple articles by the same author, or authors lised in the same order, list the entries in chronological order, from earliest to most recent 7. When referring to the titles of books, chapters, articles, reports, webpages or other sources, capitalize only the first letter 8. Italicize titles of longer books (e.g books) 9. ? ***** PART 1 OF ARTICLES 1. Present journal titles in full 2. Italicize journal titles 3. Maintain any nonstandard punctuation and capitalizatoin that used by the journal in its title (basically dont change anything) Ex. you should PHILOSOPHIA instead of Philosophia 4. Capitalize all major words in titles of journals, Note that this differs from the rule of titling other common sources (like books, etc.) 5. Capitalize the first word of the titles and subtitles of journal articles, as well as the first word after a colon.. 6. ?? 7. Do not enclose the artcle title in quotes Ex. Deep blue; The mysteries of the Mariana Trench (dont include this shit on the quotes) ***** PART 2 OF ARTICLES ****** SINGLE AUTHOR Last name first followed by author initials Ex. Red R. ****** THREE TO TWENTY AUTHORS List by last name and initials, commads seperate author names while the last author name is preceeded again by an ampersand Ex. Jose M. , Ruther J. ,Espinosa G. ****** MORE THAN TWENTY AUTHORS List by last names and initlas, commas seperate author names, After the 19 author names, use an ellipsis in place of the remaining authornames, Then end with the final author's name (do not place an ampersand before it) There should be no more than twenty names in the citation in total Ex. [the other 19 authors], Reono R. , ... ***** BOOKS Note: If available, APA 7 requires a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) for all works that have one- whether print or digital. ****** BASIC FORMAT Author, A. A. , (Year of publication), Title of Work, Capital letter, also for your subtitle, Publisher name, DOI (if available) ****** EDITED BOOK NO AUTHOR Editor, E. E (Ed), (Year of Publication), Title of work, Capital Letter also for subtitle, Publisher, DOI, (if available) ****** EDITED BOOK WITH AN AUTHOR OR AUTHOR Author, A. A, (Year of publication, Title of work: Capital Letter also for subtitle (E. Editor, Ed.) Publisher, DOI (if available) Start with initials first, you also have to put the original work publishing date since its original ****** TRANSLATION Author, A. A (Year Of publication), Title of work: Capital Letter also for subtitle (T. Translate, Trans). Publisher, (original work published YEAR) DOI (If available) REMEMBER: DOI stuff will always be in the last part of every citation format NOTE: When you cite a republished work, like the one above, in your text, it should appear with both dates: Plato (385/378/1989) ****** EDITION OTHER THAN THE FIRST Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital Letter also for subtitle (# edition). Publisher, DOI (if available) ****** ARTICLE OR CHAPTER IN AN EDITED BOOK Author, A.A *& Author, B.B (Year of Publicaiton), Title of chapter in E.E Editor & F.F Editor (Eds.) Title of work: Capital Letter also for subtitle (pp. pages of chpater). Publisher. DOI (if available) ******* NOTE: When you list the pages of the chapter or essay in parenthesis after the book title use "/" before the numbers (pp. 1-21), This abbreviation, however, does not appear before the page numbers in periodical references, List any edition numbre in the same set of parentheses as the page numbers, seperated by a comma Ex. (2nd ed., pp. 66-72)x