tRewrite page(2) references to page(3). - plan9port - [fork] Plan 9 from user space
(HTM) git clone git://src.adamsgaard.dk/plan9port
(DIR) Log
(DIR) Files
(DIR) Refs
(DIR) README
(DIR) LICENSE
---
(DIR) commit bf8a59fa013f5c705369fbe14e23ca78c4d09cb8
(DIR) parent cfa37a7b1131abbab2e7d339b451f5f0e3198cc8
(HTM) Author: rsc <devnull@localhost>
Date: Sun, 11 Apr 2004 03:42:27 +0000
Rewrite page(2) references to page(3).
Add description of new libmach.
Diffstat:
M man/man3/9p.3 | 18 +++++++++---------
M man/man3/9pcmdbuf.3 | 4 ++--
M man/man3/9pfid.3 | 8 ++++----
M man/man3/9pfile.3 | 4 ++--
M man/man3/abs.3 | 2 +-
M man/man3/access.3 | 6 +++---
M man/man3/addpt.3 | 2 +-
M man/man3/aes.3 | 20 ++++++++++----------
M man/man3/allocimage.3 | 6 +++---
M man/man3/arg.3 | 4 ++--
M man/man3/atof.3 | 2 +-
M man/man3/auth.3 | 8 ++++----
M man/man3/authsrv.3 | 2 +-
M man/man3/bin.3 | 4 ++--
M man/man3/bio.3 | 16 ++++++++--------
M man/man3/blowfish.3 | 20 ++++++++++----------
M man/man3/cachechars.3 | 12 ++++++------
M man/man3/color.3 | 10 +++++-----
M man/man3/ctype.3 | 4 ++--
D man/man3/debugger.3 | 386 -------------------------------
M man/man3/des.3 | 20 ++++++++++----------
M man/man3/dial.3 | 4 ++--
M man/man3/dirread.3 | 16 ++++++++--------
M man/man3/draw.3 | 10 +++++-----
M man/man3/dsa.3 | 20 ++++++++++----------
M man/man3/dup.3 | 2 +-
M man/man3/elgamal.3 | 20 ++++++++++----------
M man/man3/encode.3 | 4 ++--
M man/man3/errstr.3 | 6 +++---
M man/man3/event.3 | 18 +++++++++---------
M man/man3/exec.3 | 10 +++++-----
M man/man3/exits.3 | 6 +++---
M man/man3/fcall.3 | 14 +++++++-------
M man/man3/flate.3 | 2 +-
M man/man3/fmtinstall.3 | 18 +++++++++---------
M man/man3/fork.3 | 10 +++++-----
M man/man3/frame.3 | 8 ++++----
M man/man3/genrandom.3 | 6 +++---
M man/man3/getenv.3 | 2 +-
M man/man3/getfields.3 | 6 +++---
M man/man3/getpid.3 | 2 +-
M man/man3/getuser.3 | 2 +-
M man/man3/getwd.3 | 4 ++--
M man/man3/graphics.3 | 50 ++++++++++++++++----------------
M man/man3/intmap.3 | 4 ++--
M man/man3/ioproc.3 | 14 +++++++-------
M man/man3/ip.3 | 4 ++--
M man/man3/isalpharune.3 | 4 ++--
M man/man3/keyboard.3 | 14 +++++++-------
M man/man3/lock.3 | 6 +++---
A man/man3/mach-file.3 | 152 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
A man/man3/mach-map.3 | 419 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
A man/man3/mach-stack.3 | 137 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
A man/man3/mach-swap.3 | 117 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
A man/man3/mach-symbol.3 | 324 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
M man/man3/mach.3 | 432 +++++--------------------------
M man/man3/malloc.3 | 12 ++++++------
M man/man3/memdraw.3 | 28 ++++++++++++++--------------
M man/man3/memlayer.3 | 16 ++++++++--------
M man/man3/mktemp.3 | 6 +++---
M man/man3/mouse.3 | 26 +++++++++++++-------------
M man/man3/mp.3 | 4 ++--
M man/man3/notify.3 | 14 +++++++-------
M man/man3/open.3 | 16 ++++++++--------
M man/man3/pipe.3 | 12 ++++++------
M man/man3/plumb.3 | 8 ++++----
M man/man3/pool.3 | 8 ++++----
M man/man3/postnote.3 | 4 ++--
M man/man3/prime.3 | 10 +++++-----
M man/man3/quote.3 | 16 ++++++++--------
M man/man3/rand.3 | 6 +++---
M man/man3/rc4.3 | 20 ++++++++++----------
M man/man3/read.3 | 12 ++++++------
M man/man3/readv.3 | 8 ++++----
M man/man3/regexp.3 | 2 +-
M man/man3/remove.3 | 4 ++--
M man/man3/rendezvous.3 | 10 +++++-----
M man/man3/rsa.3 | 22 +++++++++++-----------
M man/man3/runestrcat.3 | 8 ++++----
M man/man3/sechash.3 | 14 +++++++-------
M man/man3/seek.3 | 4 ++--
M man/man3/setjmp.3 | 4 ++--
M man/man3/sleep.3 | 4 ++--
M man/man3/stat.3 | 10 +++++-----
M man/man3/strcat.3 | 10 +++++-----
M man/man3/string.3 | 2 +-
M man/man3/stringsize.3 | 8 ++++----
M man/man3/subfont.3 | 20 ++++++++++----------
D man/man3/symbol.3 | 436 -------------------------------
M man/man3/thread.3 | 26 +++++++++++++-------------
M man/man3/wait.3 | 12 ++++++------
91 files changed, 1632 insertions(+), 1615 deletions(-)
---
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/9p.3 b/man/man3/9p.3
t@@ -108,13 +108,13 @@ and
.B Fid
structures are allocated one-to-one with uncompleted
requests and active fids, and are described in
-.IR 9pfid (2).
+.IR 9pfid (3).
.PP
The behavior of
.I srv
depends on whether there is a file tree
(see
-.IR 9pfile (2))
+.IR 9pfile (3))
associated with the server, that is,
whether the
.B tree
t@@ -178,11 +178,11 @@ as
Fork a child process via
.I rfork
(see
-.IR fork (2))
+.IR fork (3))
or
.I procrfork
(see
-.IR thread (2)),
+.IR thread (3)),
using the
.BR RFFDG ,
.RR RFNOTEG ,
t@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ If any error occurs during
this process, the entire process is terminated by calling
.I sysfatal
(see
-.IR perror (2)).
+.IR perror (3)).
.SS Service functions
The functions in a
.B Srv
t@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ where
is the program name variable as set by
.I ARGBEGIN
(see
-.IR arg (2)).
+.IR arg (3)).
.TP
.I Attach
The
t@@ -702,7 +702,7 @@ the service loop (which runs in a separate process
from its caller) terminates using
.I _exits
(see
-.IR exits (2)).
+.IR exits (3)).
.PD
.PP
If the
t@@ -750,8 +750,8 @@ or is maintained elsewhere.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/lib9p
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR 9pfid (2),
-.IR 9pfile (2),
+.IR 9pfid (3),
+.IR 9pfile (3),
.IR srv (3),
.IR intro (5)
.SH BUGS
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/9pcmdbuf.3 b/man/man3/9pcmdbuf.3
t@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ bytes at
.I p
(which need not be NUL-terminated) as a UTF string and splits it
using
-.IR tokenize (2).
+.IR tokenize (3).
It returns a
.B Cmdbuf
structure holding pointers to each field in the message.
t@@ -113,4 +113,4 @@ is a good example.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/lib9p/parse.c
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR 9p (2)
+.IR 9p (3)
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/9pfid.3 b/man/man3/9pfid.3
t@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ and
.BR Reqpool s.
They are primarily used by the 9P server loop
described in
-.IR 9p (2).
+.IR 9p (3).
.PP
.B Fid
structures are intended to represent
t@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ element points at a
.B File
structure
(see
-.IR 9pfile (2))
+.IR 9pfile (3))
corresponding to the fid.
The
.B aux
t@@ -200,5 +200,5 @@ structures.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/lib9p
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR 9p (2),
-.IR 9pfile (2)
+.IR 9p (3),
+.IR 9pfile (3)
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/9pfile.3 b/man/man3/9pfile.3
t@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ When creating new file references by copying pointers,
call
.I incref
(see
-.IR lock (2))
+.IR lock (3))
to update the reference count.
To note the removal of a reference to a file, call
.IR closefile .
t@@ -218,6 +218,6 @@ return nf;
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/lib9p/file.c
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR 9p (2)
+.IR 9p (3)
.SH BUGS
The reference counting is cumbersome.
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/abs.3 b/man/man3/abs.3
t@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ does the same for a long.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libc/port/abs.c
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR floor (2)
+.IR floor (3)
for
.I fabs
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/access.3 b/man/man3/access.3
t@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Zero is returned if the desired access is permitted,
.PP
Only access for open is checked.
A file may look executable, but
-.IR exec (2)
+.IR exec (3)
will fail unless it is in proper format.
.PP
The include file
t@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ and
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libc/9sys/access.c
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR stat (2)
+.IR stat (3)
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
Sets
.IR errstr .
t@@ -56,5 +56,5 @@ is not known to the client,
.I access
must open the file to check permissions.
(It calls
-.IR stat (2)
+.IR stat (3)
to check simple existence.)
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/addpt.3 b/man/man3/addpt.3
t@@ -185,4 +185,4 @@ They are implemented as macros.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libdraw
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR graphics (2)
+.IR graphics (3)
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/aes.3 b/man/man3/aes.3
t@@ -39,13 +39,13 @@ cryptographically strongly unpredictable.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libsec
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR mp (2),
-.IR blowfish (2),
-.IR des (2),
-.IR dsa (2),
-.IR elgamal (2),
-.IR rc4 (2),
-.IR rsa (2),
-.IR sechash (2),
-.IR prime (2),
-.IR rand (2)
+.IR mp (3),
+.IR blowfish (3),
+.IR des (3),
+.IR dsa (3),
+.IR elgamal (3),
+.IR rc4 (3),
+.IR rsa (3),
+.IR sechash (3),
+.IR prime (3),
+.IR rand (3)
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/allocimage.3 b/man/man3/allocimage.3
t@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ These routines permit unrelated applications sharing a display to share an image
for example they provide the mechanism behind
.B getwindow
(see
-.IR graphics (2)).
+.IR graphics (3)).
.PP
The RGB values in a color are
.I premultiplied
t@@ -333,8 +333,8 @@ To allocate a single-pixel replicated image that may be used to paint a region r
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libdraw
.SH "SEE ALSO"
-.IR graphics (2),
-.IR draw (2),
+.IR graphics (3),
+.IR draw (3),
.IR draw (3),
.IR image (6)
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/arg.3 b/man/man3/arg.3
t@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ These macros assume the names
and
.I argv
are in scope; see
-.IR exec (2).
+.IR exec (3).
.I ARGBEGIN
and
.I ARGEND
t@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ but instead of returning zero
runs
.I code
and, if that returns, calls
-.IR abort (2).
+.IR abort (3).
A typical value for
.I code
is
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/atof.3 b/man/man3/atof.3
t@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ after calling
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libc/port
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR fscanf (2)
+.IR fscanf (3)
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
Zero is returned if the beginning of the input string is not
interpretable as a number; even in this case,
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/auth.3 b/man/man3/auth.3
t@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ It should be used instead of
.I mount
whenever the file server being mounted requires authentication.
See
-.IR bind (2)
+.IR bind (3)
for a definition of the arguments to
.I mount
and
t@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ file used is
An
.B sprint
(see
-.IR print (2))
+.IR print (3))
of
.I fmt
and the variable arg list yields a key template (see
t@@ -388,8 +388,8 @@ frees a challenge/response state.
.B /sys/src/libauth
.SH SEE ALSO
.IR factotum (4),
-.IR authsrv (2),
-.IR bind (2)
+.IR authsrv (3),
+.IR bind (3)
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
These routines set
.IR errstr .
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/authsrv.3 b/man/man3/authsrv.3
t@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ to recieve an answer.
.SH SEE ALSO
.IR passwd (1),
.IR cons (3),
-.IR dial (2),
+.IR dial (3),
.IR authsrv (6),
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
These routines set
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/bin.3 b/man/man3/bin.3
t@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ are ignored, and the result is the same as calling
and
.I bingrow
allocate large chunks of memory using
-.IR malloc (2)
+.IR malloc (3)
and return pieces of these chunks.
The chunks are
.IR free 'd
t@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ upon a call to
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libbin
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR malloc (2)
+.IR malloc (3)
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
.I binalloc
and
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/bio.3 b/man/man3/bio.3
t@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ for mode
or creates for mode
.BR OWRITE .
It calls
-.IR malloc (2)
+.IR malloc (3)
to allocate a buffer.
.PP
.I Binit
t@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ of the most recent string returned by
.PP
.I Brdstr
returns a
-.IR malloc (2)-allocated
+.IR malloc (3)-allocated
buffer containing the next line of input delimited by
.IR delim ,
terminated by a NUL (0) byte.
t@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ may back up a maximum of five bytes.
uses
.I charstod
(see
-.IR atof (2))
+.IR atof (3))
and
.I Bgetc
to read the formatted
t@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ and a negative value is returned if a read error occurred.
.PP
.I Bseek
applies
-.IR seek (2)
+.IR seek (3)
to
.IR bp .
It returns the new file offset.
t@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ on the output stream.
.PP
.I Bprint
is a buffered interface to
-.IR print (2).
+.IR print (3).
If this causes a
.IR write
to occur and there is an error,
t@@ -309,9 +309,9 @@ written.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libbio
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR open (2),
-.IR print (2),
-.IR exits (2),
+.IR open (3),
+.IR print (3),
+.IR exits (3),
.IR utf (6),
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
.I Bio
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/blowfish.3 b/man/man3/blowfish.3
t@@ -40,13 +40,13 @@ must be a multiple of eight bytes as padding is currently unsupported.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libsec
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR mp (2),
-.IR aes (2),
-.IR des (2),
-.IR dsa (2),
-.IR elgamal (2),
-.IR rc4 (2),
-.IR rsa (2),
-.IR sechash (2),
-.IR prime (2),
-.IR rand (2)
+.IR mp (3),
+.IR aes (3),
+.IR des (3),
+.IR dsa (3),
+.IR elgamal (3),
+.IR rc4 (3),
+.IR rsa (3),
+.IR sechash (3),
+.IR prime (3),
+.IR rand (3)
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/cachechars.3 b/man/man3/cachechars.3
t@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ The
and
.LR ascent
fields of Font are described in
-.IR graphics (2).
+.IR graphics (3).
.L Sub
contains
.L nsub
t@@ -302,12 +302,12 @@ for replacement when the cache is full.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libdraw
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR graphics (2),
-.IR allocimage (2),
-.IR draw (2),
-.IR subfont (2),
+.IR graphics (3),
+.IR allocimage (3),
+.IR draw (3),
+.IR subfont (3),
.IR image (6),
.IR font (6)
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
All of the functions use the graphics error function (see
-.IR graphics (2)).
+.IR graphics (3)).
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/color.3 b/man/man3/color.3
t@@ -41,16 +41,16 @@ and the next 8 representing blue, then green, then red, as for
.I cmap2rgba
shifted up 8 bits.
This 32-bit representation is the format used by
-.IR draw (2)
+.IR draw (3)
and
-.IR memdraw (2)
+.IR memdraw (3)
library routines that
take colors as arguments.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libdraw
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR graphics (2),
-.IR allocimage (2),
-.IR draw (2),
+.IR graphics (3),
+.IR allocimage (3),
+.IR draw (3),
.IR image (6),
.IR color (6)
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/ctype.3 b/man/man3/ctype.3
t@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ is true and on the single non-\c
value
.BR EOF ;
see
-.IR fopen (2).
+.IR fopen (3).
.TP "\w'isalnum 'u"
.I isalpha
.I c
t@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ for the macros.
.B /sys/src/libc/port/ctype.c
for the tables.
.SH "SEE ALSO
-.IR isalpharune (2)
+.IR isalpharune (3)
.SH BUGS
These macros are
.SM ASCII \c
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/debugger.3 b/man/man3/debugger.3
t@@ -1,386 +0,0 @@
-.TH DEBUGGER 3
-.SH NAME
-cisctrace, risctrace, ciscframe, riscframe, localaddr, symoff,
-fpformat, beieee80ftos, beieeesftos, beieeedftos, leieee80ftos,
-leieeesftos, leieeedftos, ieeesftos, ieeedftos \- machine-independent debugger functions
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B #include <u.h>
-.br
-.B #include <libc.h>
-.br
-.B #include <bio.h>
-.br
-.B #include <mach.h>
-.PP
-.ta \w'\fLmachines 'u
-.nf
-.B
-int cisctrace(Map *map, ulong pc, ulong sp, ulong link,
-.B
- Tracer trace)
-.PP
-.nf
-.B
-int risctrace(Map *map, ulong pc, ulong sp, ulong link,
-.B
- Tracer trace)
-.PP
-.nf
-.B
-ulong ciscframe(Map *map, ulong addr, ulong pc, ulong sp,
-.B
- ulong link)
-.PP
-.nf
-.B
-ulong riscframe(Map *map, ulong addr, ulong pc, ulong sp,
-.B
- ulong link)
-.PP
-.nf
-.B
-int localaddr(Map *map, char *fn, char *var, long *ret,
-.B
- Rgetter rget)
-.PP
-.B
-int symoff(char *buf, int n, long addr, int type)
-.PP
-.B
-int fpformat(Map *map, Reglist *rp, char *buf, int n, int code)
-.PP
-.B
-int beieee80ftos(char *buf, int n, void *fp)
-.PP
-.B
-int beieeesftos(char *buf, int n, void *fp)
-.PP
-.B
-int beieeedftos(char *buf, int n, void *fp)
-.PP
-.B
-int leieee80ftos(char *buf, int n, void *fp)
-.PP
-.B
-int leieeesftos(char *buf, int n, void *fp)
-.PP
-.B
-int leieeedftos(char *buf, int n, void *fp)
-.PP
-.B
-int ieeesftos(char *buf, int n, ulong f)
-.PP
-.B
-int ieeedftos(char *buf, int n, ulong high, ulong low)
-.PP
-.B
-extern Machdata *machdata;
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-These functions provide machine-independent implementations
-of common debugger functions.
-Many of the functions assume that global variables
-.I mach
-and
-.I machdata
-point to the
-.I Mach
-and
-.I Machdata
-data structures describing the target architecture.
-The former contains machine parameters and a description of
-the register set; it is usually
-set by invoking
-.I crackhdr
-(see
-.IR mach (2))
-to interpret the header of an executable.
-The
-.I Machdata
-structure
-is primarily a jump table specifying
-functions appropriate for processing an
-executable image for a given architecture.
-Each application is responsible for setting
-.I machdata
-to the address of the
-.I Machdata
-structure for the target architecture.
-Many of the functions described here are not
-called directly; instead, they are invoked
-indirectly through the
-.I Machdata
-jump table.
-.PP
-These functions must retrieve data and register contents
-from an executing image. The
-.I Map
-(see
-.IR mach (2))
-data structure
-supports the consistent retrieval of data, but
-no uniform access mechanism exists for registers.
-The application passes the address of a register
-retrieval function as an argument to those functions
-requiring register values.
-This function, called an
-.IR Rgetter ,
-is of the form
-.PP
-.RS
-.B "ulong rget(Map *map, char *name);
-.RE
-.PP
-It returns the contents of a register when given
-the address of a
-.I Map
-associated with an executing image and the name of the register.
-.PP
-.I Cisctrace
-and
-.I risctrace
-unwind the stack for up to 40 levels or until the frame for
-.I main
-is found. They return the
-count of the number of levels unwound. These functions
-process stacks conforming to the generic compiler model for
-.SM RISC
-and
-.SM CISC
-architectures, respectively.
-.I Map
-is the address of a
-.I Map
-data structure associated with the image
-of an executing process.
-.IR Sp ,
-.I pc
-and
-.I link
-are starting values for the stack pointer, program counter, and
-link register from which the unwinding is to take place. Normally, they are
-the current contents of the appropriate
-registers but they can be any values defining a legitimate
-process context, for example, an alternate stack in a
-multi-threaded process.
-.I Trace
-is the address of an application-supplied function to be called
-on each iteration as the frame unwinds. The prototype of this
-function is:
-.PP
-.RS
-.B "void tracer(Map *map, ulong pc, ulong fp, Symbol *s);
-.RE
-.PP
-where
-.I Map
-is the
-.I Map
-pointer passed to
-.I cisctrace
-or
-.I risctrace
-and
-.I pc
-and
-.I fp
-are the program counter and frame pointer.
-.I S
-is the address of a
-.I Symbol
-structure, as defined in
-.IR symbol (2),
-containing the symbol table information for the
-function owning the frame (i.e., the function that
-caused the frame to be instantiated).
-.PP
-.I Ciscframe
-and
-.I riscframe
-calculate the frame pointer associated with
-a function. They are suitable for
-programs conforming to the
-.SM CISC
-and
-.SM RISC
-stack models.
-.I Map
-is the address of a
-.I Map
-associated with the memory image of an executing
-process.
-.I Addr
-is the entry point of the desired function.
-.IR Pc ,
-.I sp
-and
-.I link
-are the program counter, stack pointer and link register of
-an execution context. As with the stack trace
-functions, these can be the current values of the
-registers or any legitimate execution context.
-The value of the frame pointer is returned. A return
-value of zero indicates an error.
-.PP
-.I Localaddr
-fills the location
-pointed to by
-.I ret
-with the address of a local variable.
-.I Map
-is the address of a
-.I Map
-associated with an executing memory image.
-.I Fn
-and
-.I var
-are pointers to the names of the function and variable of interest.
-.I Rget
-is the address of a register retrieval function.
-If both
-.I fn
-and
-.I var
-are non-zero, the frame for function
-.I fn
-is calculated and the address of the automatic or
-argument named
-.I var
-in that frame is returned.
-If
-.I var
-is zero, the address of the
-frame for function
-.I fn
-is returned.
-In all cases, the frame for the function named
-.I fn
-must be instantiated somewhere on the current stack.
-If there are multiple frames for the function (that is, if
-it is recursive), the most recent frame is used.
-The search starts from the context defined by the
-current value of the program counter and stack pointer.
-If a valid address is found,
-.I localaddr
-returns 1. A negative return indicates an error in
-resolving the address.
-.PP
-.I Symoff
-converts a virtual address to a symbolic reference. The
-string containing that reference is of
-the form `name+offset', where `name' is the name of the
-nearest symbol with an address less than
-or equal to the target address and `offset' is the hexadecimal offset
-beyond that symbol. If `offset' is zero, only the name of
-the symbol is printed. If no symbol is found within 4,096
-bytes of the address, the address is formatted as a hexadecimal
-address.
-.I Buf
-is the address of a buffer of
-.I n
-characters to receive the formatted string.
-.I Addr
-is the address to be converted.
-.I Type
-is the type code of the search space:
-.BR CTEXT ,
-.BR CDATA ,
-or
-.BR CANY .
-.I Symoff
-returns the length of the formatted string contained in
-.IR buf .
-.PP
-.I Fpformat
-converts the contents of a floating point register to a
-string.
-.I Map
-is the address of a
-.I Map
-associated with an executing process.
-.I Rp
-is the address of a
-.I Reglist
-data structure describing the desired register.
-.I Buf
-is the address of a buffer of
-.I n
-characters to hold the resulting string.
-.I Code
-must be either
-.B F
-or
-.BR f,
-selecting double
-or single precision, respectively. If
-.I code
-is
-.BR F ,
-the contents of the specified register and
-the following register
-are interpreted as a double precision floating point
-number; this
-is only meaningful for architectures that implement
-double precision floats by combining adjacent
-single precision registers.
-For
-.I code
-.BR f ,
-the specified register is formatted
-as a single precision float.
-.I Fpformat
-returns 1 if the number is successfully converted or \-1
-in the case of an error.
-.PP
-.IR Beieee80ftos ,
-.I beieeesftos
-and
-.I beieeedftos
-convert big-endian 80-bit extended, 32-bit single precision,
-and 64-bit double precision floating point values to
-a string.
-.IR Leieee80ftos ,
-.IR leieeesftos ,
-and
-.I leieeedftos
-are the little-endian counterparts.
-.I Buf
-is the address of a buffer of
-.I n
-characters to receive the formatted string.
-.I Fp
-is the address of the floating point value to be
-converted. These functions return the length of
-the resulting string.
-.PP
-.I Ieeesftos
-converts the 32-bit single precision floating point value
-.IR f ,
-to a string in
-.IR buf ,
-a buffer of
-.I n
-bytes. It returns the length of the resulting string.
-.PP
-.I Ieeedftos
-converts a 64-bit double precision floating point value
-to a character string.
-.I Buf
-is the address of a buffer of
-.I n
-characters to hold the resulting string.
-.I High
-and
-.I low
-contain the most and least significant 32 bits of
-the floating point value, respectively.
-.I Ieeedftos
-returns the number of characters in the resulting string.
-.SH SOURCE
-.B /sys/src/libmach
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-.IR mach (2),
-.IR symbol (2),
-.IR errstr (2)
-.SH DIAGNOSTICS
-Set
-.IR errstr .
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/des.3 b/man/man3/des.3
t@@ -132,13 +132,13 @@ using
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libsec
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR mp (2),
-.IR aes (2),
-.IR blowfish (2),
-.IR dsa (2),
-.IR elgamal (2),
-.IR rc4 (2),
-.IR rsa (2),
-.IR sechash (2),
-.IR prime (2),
-.IR rand (2)
+.IR mp (3),
+.IR aes (3),
+.IR blowfish (3),
+.IR dsa (3),
+.IR elgamal (3),
+.IR rc4 (3),
+.IR rsa (3),
+.IR sechash (3),
+.IR prime (3),
+.IR rand (3)
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/dial.3 b/man/man3/dial.3
t@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ The information is obtained from the connection directory,
If
.I conndir
is nil, the directory is obtained by performing
-.IR fd2path (2)
+.IR fd2path (3)
on
.IR fd .
.I Getnetconninfo
t@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ bekremvax(void)
.BR /sys/src/libc/9sys ,
.B /sys/src/libc/port
.SH "SEE ALSO"
-.IR auth (2),
+.IR auth (3),
.IR ip (3),
.IR ndb (8)
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/dirread.3 b/man/man3/dirread.3
t@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ long dirreadall(int fd, Dir **buf)
#define DIRMAX (sizeof(Dir)+STATMAX)
.SH DESCRIPTION
The data returned by a
-.IR read (2)
+.IR read (3)
on a directory is a set of complete directory entries
in a machine-independent format, exactly equivalent to
the result of a
-.IR stat (2)
+.IR stat (3)
on each file or subdirectory in the directory.
.I Dirread
decodes the directory entries into a machine-dependent form.
t@@ -35,11 +35,11 @@ structures
whose address is returned in
.B *buf
(see
-.IR stat (2)
+.IR stat (3)
for the layout of a
.BR Dir ).
The array is allocated with
-.IR malloc (2)
+.IR malloc (3)
each time
.I dirread
is called.
t@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ is like
but reads in the entire directory; by contrast,
.I dirread
steps through a directory one
-.IR read (2)
+.IR read (3)
at a time.
.PP
Directory entries have variable length.
t@@ -85,9 +85,9 @@ The file offset is advanced by the number of bytes actually read.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libc/9sys/dirread.c
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR intro (2),
-.IR open (2),
-.IR read (2)
+.IR intro (3),
+.IR open (3),
+.IR read (3)
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
.I Dirread
and
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/draw.3 b/man/man3/draw.3
t@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ number of bits per pixel in the picture;
it is identically
.B chantodepth(chan)
(see
-.IR graphics (2))
+.IR graphics (3))
and is provided as a convenience.
The value should not be modified after the image is created.
.TP
t@@ -705,7 +705,7 @@ what
is to
.B atan
(see
-.IR sin (2)).
+.IR sin (3)).
.TP
.BI border( dst\fP,\fP\ r\fP,\fP\ i\fP,\fP\ color\fP,\fP\ sp\fP)
.I Border
t@@ -803,11 +803,11 @@ is non-zero.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libdraw
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR graphics (2),
-.IR stringsize (2),
+.IR graphics (3),
+.IR stringsize (3),
.IR color (6),
.IR utf (6),
-.IR addpt (2)
+.IR addpt (3)
.PP
T. Porter, T. Duff.
``Compositing Digital Images'',
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/dsa.3 b/man/man3/dsa.3
t@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ a key is created using a new
and
.B q
generated by
-.IR DSAprimes (2).
+.IR DSAprimes (3).
Otherwise,
.B p
and
t@@ -121,12 +121,12 @@ are provided to manage signature storage.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libsec
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR mp (2),
-.IR aes (2),
-.IR blowfish (2),
-.IR des (2),
-.IR rc4 (2),
-.IR rsa (2),
-.IR sechash (2),
-.IR prime (2),
-.IR rand (2)
+.IR mp (3),
+.IR aes (3),
+.IR blowfish (3),
+.IR des (3),
+.IR rc4 (3),
+.IR rsa (3),
+.IR sechash (3),
+.IR prime (3),
+.IR rand (3)
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/dup.3 b/man/man3/dup.3
t@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ the program.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libc/9syscall
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR intro (2),
+.IR intro (3),
.IR dup (3)
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
Sets
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/elgamal.3 b/man/man3/elgamal.3
t@@ -113,13 +113,13 @@ are provided to manage signature storage.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libsec
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR mp (2),
-.IR aes (2),
-.IR blowfish (2),
-.IR des (2),
-.IR dsa (2),
-.IR rc4 (2),
-.IR rsa (2),
-.IR sechash (2),
-.IR prime (2),
-.IR rand (2)
+.IR mp (3),
+.IR aes (3),
+.IR blowfish (3),
+.IR des (3),
+.IR dsa (3),
+.IR rc4 (3),
+.IR rsa (3),
+.IR sechash (3),
+.IR prime (3),
+.IR rand (3)
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/encode.3 b/man/man3/encode.3
t@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@ of 8.
.PP
.I Encodefmt
can be used with
-.IR fmtinstall (2)
+.IR fmtinstall (3)
and
-.IR print (2)
+.IR print (3)
to print encoded representations of byte arrays.
The verbs are
.TP
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/errstr.3 b/man/man3/errstr.3
t@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ the result is an empty string.
The verb
.B r
in
-.IR print (2)
+.IR print (3)
calls
.I errstr
and outputs the error string.
t@@ -81,5 +81,5 @@ is discarded.
.I Errstr
always returns 0.
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR intro (2),
-.IR perror (2)
+.IR intro (3),
+.IR perror (3)
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/event.3 b/man/man3/event.3
t@@ -93,12 +93,12 @@ enum{
These routines provide an interface to multiple sources of input for unthreaded
programs.
Threaded programs (see
-.IR thread (2))
+.IR thread (3))
should instead use the threaded mouse and keyboard interface described
in
-.IR mouse (2)
+.IR mouse (3)
and
-.IR keyboard (2).
+.IR keyboard (3).
.PP
.I Einit
must be called first.
t@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ the mouse and keyboard events will be enabled;
in this case,
.IR initdraw
(see
-.IR graphics (2))
+.IR graphics (3))
must have already been called.
The user must provide a function called
.IR eresized
t@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ is running has been resized; the argument
is a flag specifying whether the program must call
.I getwindow
(see
-.IR graphics (2))
+.IR graphics (3))
to re-establish a connection to its window.
After resizing (and perhaps calling
.IR getwindow ),
t@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ The return is the same as for
.IR eread .
.PP
As described in
-.IR graphics (2),
+.IR graphics (3),
the graphics functions are buffered.
.IR Event ,
.IR eread ,
t@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ changes the cursor image to that described by the
.B Cursor
.I c
(see
-.IR mouse (2)).
+.IR mouse (3)).
If
.B c
is nil, it restores the image to the default arrow.
t@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ is nil, it restores the image to the default arrow.
.B /sys/src/libdraw
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IR rio (1),
-.IR graphics (2),
-.IR plumb (2),
+.IR graphics (3),
+.IR plumb (3),
.IR cons (3),
.IR draw (3)
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/exec.3 b/man/man3/exec.3
t@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ points to the name of the file
to be executed; it must not be a directory, and the permissions
must allow the current user to execute it
(see
-.IR stat (2)).
+.IR stat (3)).
It should also be a valid binary image, as defined in the
.IR a.out (6)
for the current machine architecture,
t@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ files remain open across
.B OCEXEC
OR'd
into the open mode; see
-.IR open (2));
+.IR open (3));
and the working directory and environment
(see
.IR env (3))
t@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ However, a newly
.I exec'ed
process has no notification handler
(see
-.IR notify (2)).
+.IR notify (3)).
.PP
When the new program begins, the global cell
.B _clock
t@@ -147,8 +147,8 @@ on the 68020) contains the address of the clock.
.B /sys/src/libc/port/execl.c
.SH SEE ALSO
.IR prof (1),
-.IR intro (2),
-.IR stat (2)
+.IR intro (3),
+.IR stat (3)
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
If these functions fail, they return and set
.IR errstr .
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/exits.3 b/man/man3/exits.3
t@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ explanation of the reason for
exiting, or a null pointer or empty string to indicate normal termination.
The string is passed to the parent process, prefixed by the name and process
id of the exiting process, when the parent does a
-.IR wait (2).
+.IR wait (3).
.PP
Before calling
.I _exits
t@@ -77,5 +77,5 @@ cancels a previous registration of an exit function.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libc/port/atexit.c
.SH "SEE ALSO"
-.IR fork (2),
-.IR wait (2)
+.IR fork (3),
+.IR wait (3)
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/fcall.3 b/man/man3/fcall.3
t@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ by a successful call to
Another structure is
.BR Dir ,
used by the routines described in
-.IR stat (2).
+.IR stat (3).
.I ConvM2D
converts the machine-independent form starting at
.I ap
t@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ contain a validly formatted machine-independent
entry suitable as an argument, for example, for the
.B wstat
(see
-.IR stat (2))
+.IR stat (3))
system call.
It checks that the sizes of all the elements of the the entry sum to exactly
.IR nbuf ,
t@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ for an incorrectly formatted entry.
and
.I dirmodefmt
are formatting routines, suitable for
-.IR fmtinstall (2).
+.IR fmtinstall (3).
They convert
.BR Dir* ,
.BR Fcall* ,
t@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ with format letter
.PP
.I Read9pmsg
calls
-.IR read (2)
+.IR read (3)
multiple times, if necessary, to read an entire 9P message into
.BR buf .
The return value is 0 for end of file, or -1 for error; it does not return
t@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ partial messages.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libc/9sys
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR intro (2),
-.IR 9p (2),
-.IR stat (2),
+.IR intro (3),
+.IR 9p (3),
+.IR stat (3),
.IR intro (5)
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/flate.3 b/man/man3/flate.3
t@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ The block functions return the number of bytes produced when they succeed.
.I Mkcrctab
allocates
(using
-.IR malloc (2)),
+.IR malloc (3)),
initializes, and returns a table for rapid computation of 32 bit CRC values using the polynomial
.IR poly .
.I Blockcrc
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/fmtinstall.3 b/man/man3/fmtinstall.3
t@@ -94,16 +94,16 @@ int fmtrunestrcpy(Fmt *f, Rune *s);
int errfmt(Fmt *f);
.SH DESCRIPTION
The interface described here allows the construction of custom
-.IR print (2)
+.IR print (3)
verbs and output routines.
In essence, they provide access to the workings of the formatted print code.
.PP
The
-.IR print (2)
+.IR print (3)
suite maintains its state with a data structure called
.BR Fmt .
A typical call to
-.IR print (2)
+.IR print (3)
or its relatives initializes a
.B Fmt
structure, passes it to subsidiary routines to process the output,
t@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ to generate the output.
These behave like
.B fprint
(see
-.IR print (2))
+.IR print (3))
or
.B vfprint
except that the characters are buffered until
t@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ In
are the width and precision, and
.IB fp ->flags
the decoded flags for the verb (see
-.IR print (2)
+.IR print (3)
for a description of these items).
The standard flag values are:
.B FmtSign
t@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ produced.
.PP
Some internal functions may be useful to format primitive types.
They honor the width, precision and flags as described in
-.IR print (2).
+.IR print (3).
.I Fmtrune
formats a single character
.BR r .
t@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ that can be used to provide type-checking for custom print verbs and output rout
This function prints an error message with a variable
number of arguments and then quits.
Compared to the corresponding example in
-.IR print (2),
+.IR print (3),
this version uses a smaller buffer, will never truncate
the output message, but might generate multiple
.B write
t@@ -364,9 +364,9 @@ main(...)
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libc/fmt
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR print (2),
+.IR print (3),
.IR utf (6),
-.IR errstr (2)
+.IR errstr (3)
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
These routines return negative numbers or nil for errors and set
.IR errstr .
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/fork.3 b/man/man3/fork.3
t@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ see
.IR proc (3)),
the set of rendezvous tags
(see
-.IR rendezvous (2));
+.IR rendezvous (3));
and open files.
.I Flags
is the logical OR of some subset of
t@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ If set, the child process will be dissociated from the parent. Upon
exit the child will leave no
.B Waitmsg
(see
-.IR wait (2))
+.IR wait (3))
for the parent to collect.
.TP
.B RFNAMEG
t@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ previous processes.
.TP
.B RFFDG
If set, the invoker's file descriptor table (see
-.IR intro (2))
+.IR intro (3))
is copied; otherwise the two processes share a
single table.
.TP
t@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ Is mutually exclusive with
.TP
.B RFREND
If set, the process will be unable to
-.IR rendezvous (2)
+.IR rendezvous (3)
with any of its ancestors; its children will, however, be able to
.B rendezvous
with it. In effect,
t@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ is just a call of
.br
.B /sys/src/libc/9sys/fork.c
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR intro (2),
+.IR intro (3),
.IR proc (3),
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
These functions set
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/frame.3 b/man/man3/frame.3
t@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ If a
.B Frame
is being moved but not resized, that is, if the shape of its containing
rectangle is unchanged, it is sufficient to use
-.IR draw (2)
+.IR draw (3)
to copy the containing rectangle from the old to the new location and then call
.I frsetrects
to establish the new geometry.
t@@ -357,6 +357,6 @@ and
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libframe
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR graphics (2),
-.IR draw (2),
-.IR cachechars (2).
+.IR graphics (3),
+.IR draw (3),
+.IR cachechars (3).
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/genrandom.3 b/man/man3/genrandom.3
t@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ truly random bytes read from
.PP
.I Prng
uses the native
-.IR rand (2)
+.IR rand (3)
pseudo-random number generator to fill the buffer. Used with
.IR srand ,
this function can produce a reproducible stream of pseudo random
t@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ numbers useful in testing.
Both functions may be passed to
.I mprand
(see
-.IR mp (2)).
+.IR mp (3)).
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libsec
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR mp (2)
+.IR mp (3)
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/getenv.3 b/man/man3/getenv.3
t@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ reads the contents of
(see
.IR env (3))
into memory allocated with
-.IR malloc (2),
+.IR malloc (3),
0-terminates it,
and returns a pointer to that area.
If no file exists, 0
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/getfields.3 b/man/man3/getfields.3
t@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ except that fields may be quoted using single quotes, in the manner
of
.IR rc (1).
See
-.IR quote (2)
+.IR quote (3)
for related quote-handling software.
.PP
.I Tokenize
t@@ -91,5 +91,5 @@ set to \f5"\et\er\en "\fP.
.SH SEE ALSO
.I strtok
in
-.IR strcat (2),
-.IR quote (2).
+.IR strcat (3),
+.IR quote (3).
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/getpid.3 b/man/man3/getpid.3
t@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ and converts it to get the id of the parent of the current process.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libc/9sys
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR intro (2),
+.IR intro (3),
.IR cons (3),
.IR proc (3)
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/getuser.3 b/man/man3/getuser.3
t@@ -33,5 +33,5 @@ caches the string, reading the file only once.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libc/port/getuser.c
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR intro (2),
+.IR intro (3),
.IR cons (3)
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/getwd.3 b/man/man3/getwd.3
t@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@ bytes in the buffer provided.
.B /sys/src/libc/9sys/getwd.c
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IR pwd (1),
-.IR fd2path (2)
+.IR fd2path (3)
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
On error, zero is returned.
-.IR Errstr (2)
+.IR Errstr (3)
may be consulted for more information.
.SH BUGS
Although the name returned by
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/graphics.3 b/man/man3/graphics.3
t@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ A
.B Point
is a location in an Image
(see below and
-.IR draw (2)),
+.IR draw (3)),
such as the display, and is defined as:
.IP
.EX
t@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ contains the coordinates of the first point beyond the rectangle.
The
.B Image
data structure is defined in
-.IR draw (2).
+.IR draw (3).
.PP
A
.B Font
t@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ The images are organized into
each containing the images for a small, contiguous set of runes.
The detailed format of these data structures,
which are described in detail in
-.IR cachechars (2),
+.IR cachechars (3),
is immaterial for most applications.
.B Font
and
t@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ and
the distance from the top of the highest character to the bottom of
the lowest character (and hence, the interline spacing).
See
-.IR cachechars (2)
+.IR cachechars (3)
for more details.
.PP
.I Buildfont
t@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ returning a
pointer that can be used by
.B string
(see
-.IR draw (2))
+.IR draw (3))
to draw characters from the font.
.I Openfont
does the same, but reads the description
t@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ is nil, the library provides a default, called
Another effect of
.I initdraw
is that it installs
-.IR print (2)
+.IR print (3)
formats
.I Pfmt
and
t@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ files; and
specifies the refresh function to be used to create the window, if running under
.IR rio (1)
(see
-.IR window (2)).
+.IR window (3)).
.PP
The function
.I newwindow
t@@ -452,11 +452,11 @@ by looking in
to find the name of the window and opening it using
.B namedimage
(see
-.IR allocimage (2)).
+.IR allocimage (3)).
The resulting window will be created using the refresh method
.I ref
(see
-.IR window (2));
+.IR window (3));
this should almost always be
.B Refnone
because
t@@ -473,7 +473,7 @@ defining the window (or the overall display, if no window system is running); an
a pointer to the
.B Screen
representing the root of the window's hierarchy. (See
-.IR window (2).
+.IR window (3).
The overloading of the
.B screen
word is an unfortunate historical accident.)
t@@ -517,11 +517,11 @@ the window boundaries; otherwise
is a no-op.
.PP
The graphics functions described in
-.IR draw (2),
-.IR allocimage (2),
-.IR cachechars (2),
+.IR draw (3),
+.IR allocimage (3),
+.IR cachechars (3),
and
-.IR subfont (2)
+.IR subfont (3)
are implemented by writing commands to files under
.B /dev/draw
(see
t@@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ is non-zero, any changes are also copied from the `soft screen' (if any) in the
driver to the visible frame buffer.
The various allocation routines in the library flush automatically, as does the event
package (see
-.IR event (2));
+.IR event (3));
most programs do not need to call
.IR flushimage .
It returns \-1 on error.
t@@ -620,22 +620,22 @@ if(gengetwindow(display, "/tmp/winname",
.B /sys/src/libdraw
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IR rio (1),
-.IR addpt (2),
-.IR allocimage (2),
-.IR cachechars (2),
-.IR subfont (2),
-.IR draw (2),
-.IR event (2),
-.IR frame (2),
-.IR print (2),
-.IR window (2),
+.IR addpt (3),
+.IR allocimage (3),
+.IR cachechars (3),
+.IR subfont (3),
+.IR draw (3),
+.IR event (3),
+.IR frame (3),
+.IR print (3),
+.IR window (3),
.IR draw (3),
.IR rio (4),
.IR image (6),
.IR font (6)
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
An error function may call
-.IR errstr (2)
+.IR errstr (3)
for further diagnostics.
.SH BUGS
The names
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/intmap.3 b/man/man3/intmap.3
t@@ -122,5 +122,5 @@ and
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/lib9p/intmap.c
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR 9p (2),
-.IR 9pfid (2).
+.IR 9p (3),
+.IR 9pfid (3).
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/ioproc.3 b/man/man3/ioproc.3
t@@ -68,10 +68,10 @@ and
are execute the
similarly named library or system calls
(see
-.IR open (2),
-.IR read (2),
+.IR open (3),
+.IR read (3),
and
-.IR dial (2))
+.IR dial (3))
in the slave process associated with
.IR io .
It is an error to execute more than one call
t@@ -172,8 +172,8 @@ ioread(Ioproc *io, int fd, void *a, long n)
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libthread/io*.c
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR dial (2),
-.IR open (2),
-.IR read (2),
-.IR thread (2)
+.IR dial (3),
+.IR open (3),
+.IR read (3),
+.IR thread (3)
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/ip.3 b/man/man3/ip.3
t@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ The string representation of Ethernet addresses is exactly
.PP
.I Eipfmt
is a
-.IR print (2)
+.IR print (3)
formatter for Ethernet (verb
.BR E )
addresses,
t@@ -332,4 +332,4 @@ point to point.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libip
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR print (2)
+.IR print (3)
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/isalpharune.3 b/man/man3/isalpharune.3
t@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ in particular a subset of their properties as defined in the Unicode standard.
Unicode defines some characters as alphabetic and specifies three cases:
upper, lower, and title.
Analogously to
-.IR ctype (2)
+.IR ctype (3)
for
.SM ASCII\c
,
t@@ -47,5 +47,5 @@ The case-conversion routines return the character unchanged if it has no case.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libc/port/runetype.c
.SH "SEE ALSO
-.IR ctype (2) ,
+.IR ctype (3) ,
.IR "The Unicode Standard" .
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/keyboard.3 b/man/man3/keyboard.3
t@@ -23,14 +23,14 @@ void closekeyboard(Keyboard *kc)
.SH DESCRIPTION
These functions access and control a keyboard interface
for character-at-a-time I/O in a multi-threaded environment, usually in combination with
-.IR mouse (2).
+.IR mouse (3).
They use the message-passing
.B Channel
interface in the threads library
(see
-.IR thread (2));
+.IR thread (3));
programs that wish a more event-driven, single-threaded approach should use
-.IR event (2).
+.IR event (3).
.PP
.I Initkeyboard
opens a connection to the keyboard and returns a
t@@ -94,10 +94,10 @@ structure.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libdraw
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR graphics (2),
-.IR draw (2),
-.IR event (2),
-.IR thread (2).
+.IR graphics (3),
+.IR draw (3),
+.IR event (3),
+.IR thread (3).
.SH BUGS
Because the interface delivers complete runes,
there is no way to report lesser actions such as
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/lock.3 b/man/man3/lock.3
t@@ -80,9 +80,9 @@ are rendezvous points.
Locks and rendezvous points work in regular programs as
well as programs that use the thread library
(see
-.IR thread (2)).
+.IR thread (3)).
The thread library replaces the
-.IR rendezvous (2)
+.IR rendezvous (3)
system call
with its own implementation,
.IR threadrendezvous ,
t@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ and returns zero if the resulting value is zero, non-zero otherwise.
.SH SEE ALSO
.I rfork
in
-.IR fork (2)
+.IR fork (3)
.SH BUGS
.B Locks
are not strictly spin locks.
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/mach-file.3 b/man/man3/mach-file.3
t@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+.TH MACH-FILE 3
+.SH NAME
+crackhdr, uncrackhdr, mapfile, mapproc, detachproc, ctlproc,
+procnotes \- machine-independent access to exectuable files and running processes
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B #include <u.h>
+.br
+.B #include <libc.h>
+.br
+.B #include <mach.h>
+.PP
+.ft B
+.ta \w'\fBxxxxxx'u +\w'xxxxxx'u
+int crackhdr(int fd, Fhdr *hdr)
+.br
+void uncrackhdr(Fhdr *hdr)
+.PP
+.ft B
+int mapfile(Map *map, ulong base, Fhdr *hdr)
+.br
+int mapproc(Map *map, int pid)
+.br
+int detachproc(int pid)
+.br
+int ctlproc(int pid, char *msg)
+.br
+int procnotes(int pid, char ***notes)
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+These functions parse executable files and
+provide access to those files and to running processes.
+.PP
+.I Crackhdr
+opens and parses the named executable file.
+The returned data structure
+.I hdr
+is initialized with a machine-independent description
+of the header information. The following fields are the
+most commonly used:
+.TP
+.B mach
+a pointer to the
+.B Mach
+structure for the target architecture
+.TP
+.B mname
+the name of the target architecture
+.TP
+.B fname
+a description of the kind of file
+(e.g., executable, core dump)
+.TP
+.B aname
+a description of the application binary interface
+this file uses; typically it is the name of an operating system
+.PD
+If the global variable
+.I mach
+is nil,
+.I crackhdr
+points it to the same
+.B Mach
+structure.
+.PP
+.I Mapfile
+adds the segments found in
+.I hdr
+to
+.IR map .
+If
+.I hdr
+is an executable file, there are typically three segments:
+.IR text ,
+.IR data ,
+and a zero-backed
+.IR bss .
+If
+.I hdr
+is a dynamic shared library, its segments are relocated by
+.I base
+before being mapping.
+.PP
+If
+.I hdr
+is a core file, there is one segment named
+.I core
+for each contiguous section of memory recorded in the core file.
+There are often quite a few of these, as most operating systems
+omit clean memory pages when writing core files
+(Mac OS X is the only exception among the supported systems).
+Because core files have such holes, it is typically necessary to
+construct the core map by calling
+.I mapfile
+on the executable and then calling it again on the core file.
+Newly-added segments are mapped on top of existing segments,
+so this arrangement will use the core file for the segments it contains
+but fall back to the executable for the rest.
+.PP
+.I Mapproc
+attaches to a running program and adds its segments to the given map.
+It adds one segment for each contiguous section of
+mapped memory.
+On systems where this information cannot be determined, it adds
+a single segment covering the entire address space.
+Accessing areas of this segment that are actually not mapped
+in the process address space will cause the get/put routines to return errors.
+.I Detachproc
+detaches from a previously-attached program.
+.PP
+.I Ctlproc
+manipulates the process with id
+.I pid
+according to the message
+.IR msg .
+Valid messages include:
+.TP
+.B kill
+terminate the process
+.TP
+.B startstop
+start the process and wait for it to stop
+.TP
+.B sysstop
+arrange for the process to stop at its next system call,
+start the process, and then wait for it to stop
+.TP
+.B waitstop
+wait for the process to stop
+.TP
+.B start
+start the process
+.PD
+.PP
+.I Procnotes
+fills
+.BI * notes
+with a pointer to an array of strings
+representing pending notes waiting
+for the process.
+(On Unix, these notes are textual descriptions
+of any pending signals.)
+.I Procnotes
+returns the number of pending notes.
+The memory at
+.BI * notes
+should be freed via
+.IR free (3)
+when no longer needed.
+.SH SOURCE
+.B /sys/src/libmach
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IR mach (3),
+.IR mach-map (3)
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/mach-map.3 b/man/man3/mach-map.3
t@@ -0,0 +1,419 @@
+.TH MACH-MAP 3
+.SH NAME
+allocmap, addseg, addregseg, findseg, addrtoseg,
+addrtosegafter, removeseg, freemap,
+get1, get2, get4, get8,
+put1, put2, put4, put8,
+rget1, rget2, rget4, rget8,
+rput1, rput2, rput4, rput8,
+locaddr, locconst, locreg, locindir,
+loccmp, loceval, locfmt, locredir,
+lget1, lget2, lget4, lget8,
+lput1, lput2, lput4, lput8 \- machine-independent
+access to address spaces and register sets
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B #include <u.h>
+.br
+.B #include <libc.h>
+.br
+.B #include <mach.h>
+.PP
+.B
+.ta \w'\fBxxxxxx'u +\w'xxxxxxx'u
+.nf
+typedef struct Map Map;
+typedef struct Seg Seg;
+.PP
+.B
+.nf
+struct Seg
+{
+ char *name;
+ char *file;
+ int fd;
+ ulong base;
+ ulong size;
+ ulong offset;
+ int (*rw)(Map*, Seg*, ulong, void*, uint, int);
+};
+.PP
+.B
+.nf
+struct Map
+{
+ Seg *seg;
+ int nseg;
+ \fI...\fR
+};
+.PP
+.B
+Map *allocmap(void)
+.br
+int addseg(Map *map, Seg seg)
+.br
+int findseg(Map *map, char *name, char *file)
+.br
+int addrtoseg(Map *map, ulong addr, Seg *seg)
+.br
+int addrtosegafter(Map *map, ulong addr, Seg *seg)
+.br
+void removeseg(Map *map, int i)
+.br
+void freemap(Map *map)
+.PP
+.B
+int get1(Map *map, ulong addr, uchar *a, uint n)
+.br
+int get2(Map *map, ulong addr, u16int *u)
+.br
+int get4(Map *map, ulong addr, u32int *u)
+.br
+int get8(Map *map, ulong addr, u64int *u)
+.PP
+.B
+int put1(Map *map, ulong addr, uchar *a, uint n)
+.br
+int put2(Map *map, ulong addr, u16int u)
+.br
+int put4(Map *map, ulong addr, u32int u)
+.br
+int put8(Map *map, ulong addr, u64int u)
+.PP
+.B
+int rget1(Map *map, char *reg, u8int *u)
+.br
+int rget2(Map *map, char *reg, u16int *u)
+.br
+int rget4(Map *map, char *reg, u32int *u)
+.br
+int rget8(Map *map, char *reg, u64int *u)
+.br
+int fpformat(Map *map, char *reg, char *a, uint n, char code);
+.PP
+.B
+int rput1(Map *map, char *reg, u8int u)
+.br
+int rput2(Map *map, char *reg, u16int u)
+.br
+int rput4(Map *map, char *reg, u32int u)
+.br
+int rput8(Map *map, char *reg, u64int u)
+.PP
+.B
+Loc locaddr(ulong addr)
+.br
+Loc locconst(ulong con)
+.br
+Loc locreg(char *reg)
+.br
+Loc locindir(char *reg, long offset)
+.PP
+.B
+int loccmp(Loc *a, Loc *b)
+.br
+int loceval(Map *map, Loc loc, ulong *addr)
+.br
+int locfmt(Fmt *fmt)
+.br
+int locredir(Map *map, Loc *regs, Loc loc, Loc *newloc)
+.PP
+.B
+int lget1(Map *map, Loc loc, uchar *a, uint n)
+.br
+int lget2(Map *map, Loc loc, u16int *u)
+.br
+int lget4(Map *map, Loc loc, u32int *u)
+.br
+int lget8(Map *map, Loc loc, u64int *u)
+.PP
+.B
+int lput1(Map *map, Loc loc, uchar *a, uint n)
+.br
+int lput2(Map *map, Loc loc, u16int u)
+.br
+int lput4(Map *map, Loc loc, u32int u)
+.br
+int lput8(Map *map, Loc loc, u64int u)
+.PP
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+These functions provide
+a processor-independent interface for accessing
+executable files, core files, and running processes
+via
+.IR maps ,
+data structures that provides access to an address space
+and register set.
+The functions described in
+.IR mach-file (3)
+are typically used to construct these maps.
+Related library functions described in
+.IR mach-symbol (3)
+provide similar access to symbol tables.
+.PP
+Each
+.I map
+comprises an optional register set and one or more
+.BR segments ,
+each associating a non-overlapping range of
+memory addresses with a logical section of
+an executable file or of a running process's address space.
+Other library functions then use a map
+and the architecture-specific data structures
+to provide a generic interface to the
+processor-dependent data.
+.PP
+Each segment has a name (e.g.,
+.B text
+or
+.BR data )
+and may be associated with a particular file.
+A segment represents a range of accessible address space.
+Segments may be backed an arbitary access function
+(if the
+.B rw
+pointer is non-nil),
+or by the contents of an open file
+(using the
+.B fd
+file descriptor).
+Each range has a starting address in the space
+.RB ( base )
+and
+an extent
+.RB ( size ).
+In segments mapped by files,
+the range begins at byte
+.B offset
+in the file.
+The
+.B rw
+function is most commonly used to provide
+access to executing processes via
+.IR ptrace (2)
+and to zeroed segments.
+.PP
+.I Allocmap
+creates an empty map;
+.IR freemap
+frees a map.
+.PP
+.I Addseg
+adds the given segment to the map, resizing the map's
+.I seg
+array if necessary.
+A negative return value indicates an allocation error.
+.PP
+.I Findseg
+returns the index of the segment with the given name (and, if
+.I file
+is non-nil, the given file),
+or \-1 if no such segment is found.
+.PP
+.I Addrtoseg
+returns the index of the segment containing
+for the given address, or \-1 if that address is not mapped.
+Segments may have overlapping address ranges:
+.I addseg
+appends segments to the end of the
+.I seg
+array in the map, and
+.I addrtoseg
+searches the map backwards from the end,
+so the most recently mapped segment wins.
+.PP
+.I Addrtosegafter
+returns the index of the segment containing the lowest mapped
+address greater than
+.IR addr .
+.PP
+.I Removeseg
+removes the segment at the given index.
+.PP
+.IR Get1 ,
+.IR get2 ,
+.IR get4 ,
+and
+.I get8
+retrieve the data stored at address
+.I addr
+in the address space associated
+with
+.IR map .
+.I Get1
+retrieves
+.I n
+bytes of data beginning at
+.I addr
+into
+.IR buf .
+.IR Get2 ,
+.I get4
+and
+.I get8
+retrieve 16-bit, 32-bit and 64-bit values respectively,
+into the location pointed to by
+.IR u .
+The value is byte-swapped if the source
+byte order differs from that of the current architecture.
+This implies that the value returned by
+.IR get2 ,
+.IR get4 ,
+and
+.I get8
+may not be the same as the byte sequences
+returned by
+.I get1
+when
+.I n
+is two, four or eight; the former may be byte-swapped, the
+latter reflects the byte order of the target architecture.
+These functions return the number
+of bytes read or a \-1 when there is an error.
+.PP
+.IR Put1 ,
+.IR put2 ,
+.IR put4 ,
+and
+.I put8
+write to
+the address space associated with
+.IR map .
+The address is translated using the
+map parameters and multi-byte quantities are
+byte-swapped, if necessary, before they are written.
+.I Put1
+transfers
+.I n
+bytes stored at
+.IR buf ;
+.IR put2 ,
+.IR put4 ,
+and
+.I put8
+write the 16-bit, 32-bit or 64-bit quantity contained in
+.IR val ,
+respectively. The number of bytes transferred is returned.
+A \-1 return value indicates an error.
+.PP
+When representing core files or running programs,
+maps also provide access to the register set.
+.IR Rget1 ,
+.IR rget2 ,
+.IR rget4 ,
+.IR rget8 ,
+.IR rput1 ,
+.IR rput2 ,
+.IR rput4 ,
+and
+.IR rput8
+read or write the 1-, 2-, 4-, or 8-byte register
+named by
+.IR reg .
+If the register is not the requested size, the
+behavior is undefined.
+.PP
+.I Fpformat
+converts the contents of a floating-point register to a string.
+.I Buf
+is the address of a buffer of
+.I n
+bytes to hold the resulting string.
+.I Code
+must be either
+.L F
+or
+.LR f ,
+selecting double or single precision, respectively.
+If
+.I code
+is
+.LR F ,
+the contents of the specified register and the
+following register are interpreted as a double-precision
+floating-point number;
+this is meaningful only for architectures that implement
+double-precision floats by combining adjacent single-precision
+registers.
+.PP
+A
+.I location
+represents a place in an executing image capable of
+storing a value.
+Note that locations are typically passed by value rather than by reference.
+.PP
+.I Locnone
+returns an unreadable, unwritable location.
+.I Locaddr
+returns a location representing the memory address
+.IR addr .
+.I Locreg
+returns a location representing the register
+.IR reg .
+.I Locindir
+returns an location representing the memory address
+at
+.I offset
+added to the value of
+.IR reg .
+.I Locconst
+returns an imaginary unwritable location holding the constant
+.IR con ;
+such locations are useful for passing specific constants to
+functions expect locations, such as
+.I unwind
+(see
+.IR mach-stack (3)).
+.PP
+.I Loccmp
+compares two locations, returning negative, zero, or positive
+values if
+.B *a
+is less than, equal to, or greater than
+.BR *b ,
+respectively.
+Register locations are ordered before memory addresses,
+which are ordered before indirections.
+.PP
+.I Locfmt
+is a
+.IR print (3)-verb
+that formats a
+.B Loc
+structure
+.RI ( not
+a pointer to one).
+.PP
+Indirection locations are needed in some contexts (e.g., when
+using
+.I findlsym
+(see
+.IR mach-symbol (3))),
+but bothersome in most.
+.I Locsimplify
+rewrites indirections as absolute memory addresses, by evaluating
+the register using the given map and adding the offset.
+.PP
+The functions
+.IR lget1 ,
+.IR lget2 ,
+.IR lget4 ,
+.IR lget8 ,
+.IR lput1 ,
+.IR lput2 ,
+.IR lput4 ,
+and
+.I lput8
+read and write the given locations, using the
+.IR get ,
+.IR put ,
+.IR rget ,
+and
+.I rput
+function families as necessary.
+.SH SOURCE
+.B /sys/src/libmach
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IR mach(3), mach-file(3)
+.SH DIAGNOSTICS
+These routines set
+.IR errstr .
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/mach-stack.3 b/man/man3/mach-stack.3
t@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+.TH MACH-STACK 3
+.SH NAME
+stacktrace,
+localaddr,
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B #include <u.h>
+.br
+.B #include <libc.h>
+.br
+.B #include <mach.h>
+.PP
+.ft B
+.ta \w'\fBxxxxxx'u +\w'\fBxxxxxx'u
+int stacktrace(Map *map, Rgetter rget, Tracer trace)
+.PP
+.ft B
+int localvar(Map *map, char *fn, char *val, Loc *loc)
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.I Stacktrace
+provides machine-independent
+implementations of process stack traces.
+They must retrieve data and register contents from an executing
+image. Sometimes the desired registers are not the current
+registers but rather a set of saved registers stored elsewhere
+in memory.
+The caller may specify an initial register set in the form of an
+.I Rgetter
+function, of the form
+.PP
+.RS
+.B "ulong rget(Map *map, char *name)
+.RE
+.PP
+It returns the contents of a register when given a map
+and a register name.
+It is usually sufficient for the register function
+to return meaningful values only for
+.BR SP
+and
+.BR PC ,
+and for the link register
+(usually
+.BR LR )
+on CISC machines.
+.PP
+Given the map and the rgetter,
+.I stacktrace
+unwinds the stack starting at the innermost function.
+At each level in the trace, it calls the tracer function, which has the form
+.PP
+.RS
+.B "int trace(Map *map, ulong pc, ulong callerpc,
+.br
+.B " Rgetter rget, Symbol *s)
+.RE
+.PP
+The tracer is passed the map, the current program counter,
+the program counter of the caller (zero if the caller is unknown),
+a new
+.I rget
+function, and a symbol
+(see
+.IR mach-symbol (3))
+describing the current function
+(nil if no symbol is known).
+The value returned by the tracer
+controls whether the stack trace continues:
+a zero or negative return value stops the trace,
+while a positive return value continues it.
+.PP
+The rgetter passed to the tracer is not the rgetter
+passed to
+.B stacktrace
+itself.
+Instead, it is a function returning the register values
+at the time of the call, to the extent that they can be
+reconstructed.
+The most common use for this rgetter
+is as an argument to
+.IR lget4 ,
+etc., when evaluating the locations of local variables.
+.PP
+.I Localvar
+uses
+.I stacktrace
+to walk up the stack looking for the innermost instance of a function named
+.I fn ;
+once it finds the function,
+it looks for the parameter or local variable
+.IR var ,
+storing the location of the variable in
+.IR loc .
+.SH EXAMPLE
+The following code writes a simple stack trace to standard output,
+stopping after at most 20 stack frames.
+.RS
+.ft B
+.nf
+.ta \w'xxxx'u +\w'xxxx'u +\w'xxxx'u +\w'xxxx'u +\w'xxxx'u
+static int
+trace(Map *map, ulong pc, ulong callerpc,
+ Rgetter rget, Symbol *s, int depth)
+{
+ char buf[512];
+ int i, first;
+ u32int v;
+ Symbol s2;
+
+ if(sym)
+ print("%s+%lx", s->name, pc - loceval(s->loc));
+ else
+ print("%lux", pc);
+ print("(");
+ first = 0;
+ for(i=0; indexlsym(s, &i, &s2)>=0; i++){
+ if(s.class != CPARAM)
+ continue;
+ if(first++)
+ print(", ");
+ if(lget4(map, rget, s->loc, &v) >= 0)
+ print("%s=%#lux", s->name, (ulong)v);
+ else
+ print("%s=???", s->name);
+ }
+ print(") called from ");
+ symoff(buf, sizeof buf, callerpc, CTEXT);
+ print("%s\en", buf);
+ return depth < 20;
+}
+
+ if(stacktrace(map, nil, trace) <= 0)
+ print("no stack frame\n");
+.RE
+.SH SOURCE
+.B /sys/src/libmach
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.IR mach (3)
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/mach-swap.3 b/man/man3/mach-swap.3
t@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+.TH MACH-SWAP 3
+.SH NAME
+beswap2, beswap4, beswap8, beieeeftoa32, beieeeftoa64, beieeeftoa80,
+beload2, beload4, beload8,
+leswap2, leswap4, leswap8, leieeeftoa32, leieeeftoa64, leieeeftoa80,
+leload2, leload4, leload8, ieeeftoa32, ieeeftoa64 \- machine-independent access to byte-ordered data
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B #include <u.h>
+.br
+.B #include <libc.h>
+.br
+.B #include <mach.h>
+.PP
+.ta \w'\fBu64intxx'u
+.B
+u16int beswap2(u16int u)
+.br
+u32int beswap4(u32int u)
+.br
+u64int beswap8(u64int u)
+.PP
+.B
+int beieeeftoa32(char *a, uint n, void *f)
+.br
+int beieeeftoa64(char *a, uint n, void *f)
+.br
+int beieeeftoa80(char *a, uint n, void *f)
+.PP
+.B
+u16int beload2(uchar *p)
+.br
+u32int beload4(uchar *p)
+.br
+u64int beload8(uchar *p)
+.PP
+.B
+u16int leswap2(u16int u)
+.br
+u32int leswap4(u32int u)
+.br
+u64int leswap8(u64int u)
+.PP
+.B
+int leieeeftoa32(char *a, uint n, void *f)
+.br
+int leieeeftoa64(char *a, uint n, void *f)
+.br
+int leieeeftoa80(char *a, uint n, void *f)
+.PP
+.B
+u16int leload2(uchar *p)
+.br
+u32int leload4(uchar *p)
+.br
+u64int leload8(uchar *p)
+.PP
+.B
+int ieeeftoa32(char *a, uint n, u32int u)
+.br
+int ieeeftoa64(char *a, uint n, u32int hi, u32int lo)
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+These functions provide
+machine-independent access to data in a particular byte order.
+.PP
+.IR Beswap2 ,
+.IR beswap4 ,
+and
+.I beswap8
+return the 2-byte, 4-byte, and 8-byte
+big-endian representation of the bytes in
+.IR val ,
+respectively.
+.PP
+.IR Beload2 ,
+.IR beload4 ,
+and
+.I beload8
+return the 2-byte, 4-byte, and 8-byte
+big-endian interpretation of the bytes at
+.IR p ,
+respectively.
+.PP
+.IR Beieeeftoa32 ,
+.IR beieeeftoa64 ,
+and
+.I beieeeftoa80
+format the big-endian 4-byte, 8-byte, or 10-byte IEEE floating-point value
+at
+.IR f
+into the
+.IR n -byte
+string buffer
+.IR a .
+.PP
+.IR Leswap2 ,
+.IR leswap4 ,
+etc. are the little-endian equivalents of the routines just described.
+.PP
+.I Ieeeftoa32
+and
+.I ieeeftoa64
+format a local machine byte-order floating-point value into the
+.IR n -byte
+string buffer
+.IR a .
+.I Ieeeftoa32
+expects a 32-bit floating-point value stored in the bits of
+.IR u .
+.I Ieeeftoa64
+expects a 64-bit floating-point value whose high 32-bits are in
+.I hi
+and low 32-bits are in
+.IR lo .
+.SH SOURCE
+.B /sys/src/libmach
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IR mach (3)
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/mach-symbol.3 b/man/man3/mach-symbol.3
t@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+.TH MACH-SYMBOL 3
+.SH NAME
+symopen, symclose, indexsym, lookupsym, findsym,
+lookuplsym, indexlsym, findlsym,
+symoff, pc2file, file2pc, line2pc, fnbound, fileline,
+pc2line \- symbol table access functions
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B #include <u.h>
+.br
+.B #include <libc.h>
+.br
+.B #include <mach.h>
+.PP
+.ta \w'\fBxxxxxx'u +\w'\fBxxxxxx'u
+.ft B
+int symopen(Fhdr *hdr)
+.br
+void symclose(Fhdr *hdr)
+.PP
+.ft B
+int indexsym(uint n, Symbol *s)
+.br
+int lookupsym(char *fn, char *var, Symbol *s)
+.br
+int findsym(Loc loc, uint class, Symbol *s)
+.PP
+.ft B
+int indexlsym(Symbol *s1, uint n, Symbol *s2)
+.br
+int lookuplsym(Symbol *s1, char *name, Symbol *s2)
+.br
+int findlsym(Symbol *s1, Loc loc, Symbol *s2)
+.PP
+.ft B
+int symoff(char *a, uint n, ulong addr, uint class)
+.PP
+.ft B
+int pc2file(ulong pc, char *file, uint n, ulong *line)
+.br
+int pc2line(ulong pc, ulong *line)
+.br
+int fileline(ulong pc, char *buf, uint n)
+.br
+int file2pc(char *file, ulong line, ulong *pc)
+.br
+int line2pc(ulong basepc, ulong line, ulong *pc)
+.br
+int fnbound(ulong pc, ulong bounds[2])
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+These functions provide machine-independent access to the
+symbol table of an executable file or executing process.
+.IR Mach (3),
+.IR mach-file (3),
+and
+.IR mach-map (3)
+describe additional library functions for
+accessing executable files and executing processes.
+.PP
+.IR Symopen
+uses the data in the
+.B Fhdr
+structure filled by
+.I crackhdr
+(see
+.IR mach-file (3))
+to initialize in-memory structures used to access the symbol
+tables contained in the file.
+.IR Symclose
+frees the structures.
+The rest of the functions described here access a composite
+symbol table made up of all currently open tables.
+.PP
+The
+.B Symbol
+data structure:
+.IP
+.RS
+.ft B
+.nf
+typedef struct Symbol Symbol;
+struct Symbol
+{
+ char *name;
+ Loc loc;
+ Loc hiloc;
+ char class;
+ char type;
+ \fI...\fP
+};
+.fi
+.RE
+.LP
+describes a symbol table entry.
+The
+.B value
+field contains the offset of the symbol within its
+address space: global variables relative to the beginning
+of the data segment, text beyond the start of the text
+segment, and automatic variables and parameters relative
+to the stack frame. The
+.B type
+field contains the type of the symbol:
+.RS
+.TP
+.B T
+text segment symbol
+.TP
+.B t
+static text segment symbol
+.TP
+.B D
+data segment symbol
+.TP
+.B d
+static data segment symbol
+.TP
+.B B
+bss segment symbol
+.TP
+.B b
+static bss segment symbol
+.TP
+.B a
+automatic (local) variable symbol
+.TP
+.B p
+function parameter symbol
+.RE
+.PD
+.LP
+The
+.B class
+field assigns the symbol to a general class;
+.BR CTEXT ,
+.BR CDATA ,
+.BR CAUTO ,
+and
+.B CPARAM
+are the most popular.
+.PP
+.I Indexsym
+stores information for the
+.I n th
+symbol into
+.IR s .
+The symbols are ordered by increasing address.
+.PP
+.I Lookupsym
+fills a
+.B Symbol
+structure with symbol table information. Global variables
+and functions are represented by a single name; local variables
+and parameters are uniquely specified by a function and
+variable name pair. Arguments
+.I fn
+and
+.I var
+contain the
+name of a function and variable, respectively.
+If both
+are non-zero, the symbol table is searched for a parameter
+or automatic variable. If only
+.I var
+is
+zero, the text symbol table is searched for function
+.IR fn .
+If only
+.I fn
+is zero, the global variable table
+is searched for
+.IR var .
+.PP
+.I Findsym
+returns the symbol table entry of type
+.I class
+stored near
+.IR addr .
+The selected symbol is a global variable or function with
+address nearest to and less than or equal to
+.IR addr .
+Class specification
+.B CDATA
+searches only the global variable symbol table; class
+.B CTEXT
+limits the search to the text symbol table.
+Class specification
+.B CANY
+searches the text table first, then the global table.
+.PP
+.IR Indexlsym ,
+.IR lookuplsym ,
+and
+.IR findlsym
+are similar to
+.IR indexsym ,
+.IR lookupsym ,
+and
+.IR findsym ,
+but operate on the smaller symbol table of parameters and
+variables local to the function represented by symbol
+.IR s1 .
+.PP
+.I Indexlsym
+writes symbol information for the
+.IR n th
+local symbol of function
+.I s1
+to
+.IR s2 .
+Function parameters appear first in the ordering, followed by local symbols.
+.PP
+.I Lookuplsym
+writes symbol information for the symbol named
+.I name
+in function
+.I s1
+to
+.IR s2 .
+.PP
+.I Findlsym
+searches for a symbol local to the function
+.I s1
+whose location is exactly
+.IR loc ,
+writing its symbol information to
+.IR s2 .
+.I Loc
+is almost always an indirection through a frame pointer register;
+the details vary from architecture to architecture.
+.PP
+.I Symoff
+converts a location to a symbol reference.
+The string containing that reference is of the form
+`name+offset', where `name' is the name of the
+nearest symbol with an address less than or equal to the
+target address, and `offset' is the hexadecimal offset beyond
+that symbol. If `offset' is zero, only the name of the
+symbol is printed.
+If no symbol is found within 4096 bytes of the address, the address
+is formatted as a hexadecimal address.
+.I Buf
+is the address of a buffer of
+.I n
+bytes to receive the formatted string.
+.I Addr
+is the address to be converted.
+.I Type
+is the type code of the search space:
+.BR CTEXT ,
+.BR CDATA ,
+or
+.BR CANY .
+.I Symoff
+returns the length of the formatted string contained in
+.IR buf .
+.PP
+.I Pc2file
+searches the symbol table to find the file and line number
+corresponding to the instruction at program counter
+.IR pc .
+.I File
+is the address of a buffer of
+.I n
+bytes to receive the file name.
+.I Line
+receives the line number.
+.PP
+.I Pc2line
+is like
+.I pc2file
+but neglects to return information about the source file.
+.PP
+.I Fileline
+is also like
+.IR pc2file ,
+but returns the file and line number in the
+.IR n -byte
+text buffer
+.IR buf ,
+formatted as
+`file:line'.
+.PP
+.I File2pc
+performs the opposite mapping:
+it stores in
+.I pc
+a text address associated with
+line
+.I line
+in file
+.IR file .
+.PP
+.I Line2pc
+is similar: it converts a line number to an
+instruction address, storing it in
+.IR pc .
+Since a line number does not uniquely identify an
+instruction (e.g., every source file has line 1),
+.I basepc
+specifies a text address from which
+the search begins.
+Usually this is the address of the first function in the
+file of interest.
+.PP
+.I Fnbound
+returns the start and end addresses of the function containing
+the text address supplied as the first argument.
+The second argument is an array of two unsigned longs;
+.I fnbound
+places the bounding addresses of the function in the
+first and second elements of this array.
+The start address is the address of the first instruction of the function;
+the end address is the first address beyond the end of the target function.
+.PP
+All functions return 0 on success and \-1 on error.
+When an error occurs, a message describing it is stored
+in the system error buffer where it is available via
+.IR errstr .
+.SH SOURCE
+.B /sys/src/libmach
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IR mach (3),
+.IR mach-file (3),
+.IR mach-map (3)
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/mach.3 b/man/man3/mach.3
t@@ -1,20 +1,13 @@
.TH MACH 3
.SH NAME
-crackhdr, machbytype, machbyname, newmap, setmap, findseg, unusemap,
-loadmap, attachproc, get1, get2, get4, get8, put1, put2, put4, put8,
-beswab, beswal, beswav, leswab, leswal, leswav \- machine-independent access to executable files
+machbytype, machbyname \- machine-independent access to executables and programs
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B #include <u.h>
.br
.B #include <libc.h>
.br
-.B #include <bio.h>
-.br
.B #include <mach.h>
.PP
-.ta \w'\fLmachines 'u
-.B
-int crackhdr(int fd, Fhdr *fp)
.PP
.B
void machbytype(int type)
t@@ -23,371 +16,68 @@ void machbytype(int type)
int machbyname(char *name)
.PP
.B
-Map *newmap(Map *map, int n)
-.PP
-.B
-int setmap(Map *map, int fd, ulong base, ulong end,
-.PP
-.B
- ulong foffset, char *name)
-.PP
-.B
-int findseg(Map *map, char *name)
-.PP
-.B
-void unusemap(Map *map, int seg)
-.PP
-.B
-Map *loadmap(Map *map, int fd, Fhdr *fp)
-.PP
-.B
-Map *attachproc(int pid, int kflag, int corefd, Fhdr *fp)
-.PP
-.B
-int get1(Map *map, ulong addr, uchar *buf, int n)
-.PP
-.B
-int get2(Map *map, ulong addr, ushort *val)
-.PP
-.B
-int get4(Map *map, ulong addr, long *val)
-.PP
-.B
-int get8(Map *map, ulong addr, vlong *val)
-.PP
-.B
-int put1(Map *map, ulong addr, uchar *buf, int n)
-.PP
-.B
-int put2(Map *map, ulong addr, ushort val)
-.PP
-.B
-int put4(Map *map, ulong addr, long val)
-.PP
-.B
-int put8(Map *map, ulong addr, vlong val)
-.PP
-.B
-ushort beswab(ushort val)
-.PP
-.B
-long beswal(long val)
-.PP
-.B
-long beswav(vlong val)
-.PP
-.B
-ushort leswab(ushort val)
-.PP
-.B
-long leswal(long val)
-.PP
-.B
-long leswav(vlong val)
-.PP
-.B
-extern Mach mach;
-.PP
-.B
-extern Machdata machdata;
+extern Mach *mach;
.SH DESCRIPTION
-These functions provide
-a processor-independent interface for accessing
-the executable files or executing images of all
-architectures.
-Related library functions described in
-.IR symbol (2)
-and
-.IR object (2)
-provide similar access to symbol tables and object files.
-.PP
-An
-.I executable
-is a file containing an executable program or the
-.B text
-file of the
-.B /proc
-file system associated with an executing process as
-described in
-.IR proc (3).
-After opening an executable, an application
-invokes a library function which parses the
-file header,
-determines the target architecture and
-initializes data structures with parameters
-and pointers to functions appropriate for
-that architecture. Next, the application
-invokes functions to construct one or more
-.IR maps ,
-data structures that translate references
-in the address space of the executable
-to offsets in the file. Each
-.I map
-comprises one or more
-.BR segments ,
-each associating a non-overlapping range of
-memory addresses with a logical section of
-the executable.
-Other library functions then use a map
-and the architecture-specific data structures
-to provide a generic interface to the
-processor-dependent data.
-.PP
-.I Crackhdr
-interprets the header of the executable
-associated with
-the open file descriptor
-.IR fd .
-It loads the data structure
-.I fp
-with a machine-independent description
-of the header information and
-points global variable
-.I mach
-to the
+.I Libmach
+provides an interface for accessing
+the executable files and executing images of various architectures
+and operating systems.
+The interface is machine-independent, meaning that, for example,
+Mac OS X core dumps may be inspected using an x86 Linux machine
+and vice versa.
+In its current form,
+the library is mainly useful for writing debuggers
+of one sort or another.
+.PP
+An architecture is described primarily by a
.B Mach
-data structure containing processor-dependent parameters
-of the target architecture.
-.PP
-.I Machbytype
-selects architecture-specific data structures and parameter
-values based on
-the code stored in the
-field named
-.I type
-in the
-.B Fhdr
-data structure.
-.I Machbyname
-performs the same selection based
-on the name of a processor class; see
-.IR 2c (1)
-for a list of valid names.
-Both functions point global variables
+structure, which contains
+data structures and parameters describing the
+particular architecture.
+Most library functions assume that the global variable
.I mach
-and
-.I machdata
-to the
-.I Mach
-and
-.I Machdata
-data structures appropriate for the
-target architecture and load global variable
-.I asstype
-with the proper disassembler type code.
-.PP
-.I Newmap
-creates an empty map with
-.I n
-segments.
-If
-.I map
-is zero, the new map is dynamically
-allocated, otherwise it is assumed to
-point to an existing dynamically allocated map whose
-size is adjusted, as necessary.
-A zero return value indicates an allocation error.
-.PP
-.I Setmap
-loads the first unused segment in
-.I map
-with the
-segment mapping parameters.
-.I Fd
-is an open file descriptor associated with
-an executable.
-.I Base
-and
-.I end
-contain the lowest and highest virtual addresses
-mapped by the segment.
-.I Foffset
-is the offset to the start of the segment in the file.
-.I Name
-is a name to be attached to the segment.
-.PP
-.I Findseg
-returns the index of the the
-segment named
-.I name
-in
-.IR map .
-A return of -1 indicates that no
-segment matches
-.IR name .
-.PP
-.I Unusemap
-marks segment number
-.I seg
-in map
-.I map
-unused. Other
-segments in the map remain unaffected.
-.PP
-.I Loadmap
-initializes a default map containing
-segments named `text' and `data' that
-map the instruction and data segments
-of the executable described in the
-.B Fhdr
-structure pointed to by
-.IR fp .
-Usually that structure was loaded by
-.IR crackhdr
-and can be passed to this function without
-modification.
-If
-.I map
-is non-zero, that map, which must have been
-dynamically allocated, is resized to contain two segments;
-otherwise a new map is allocated.
-This function returns zero if allocation fails.
-.I Loadmap
-is usually used to build a map for accessing
-a static executable, for example, an executable
-program file.
-.PP
-.I Attachproc
-constructs a map for accessing a
-running process. It
-returns the address of a
-.I Map
-containing segments mapping the
-address space of the running process
-whose process ID is
-.BR pid .
-If
-.B kflag
-is non-zero, the process is assumed to be
-a kernel process.
-.B Corefd
-is an file descriptor opened to
-.BR /proc/\fIpid\fP/mem .
-.B Fp
-points to the
-.I Fhdr
-structure describing the header
-of the executable. For most architectures
-the resulting
-.I Map
-contains four segments named `text', `data',
-`regs' and `fpregs'. The latter two provide access to
-the general and floating point registers, respectively.
-If the executable is a kernel process (indicated by a
-non-zero
-.B kflag
-argument), the data segment extends to the maximum
-supported address, currently 0xffffffff, and the
-register sets are read-only. In user-level programs,
-the data segment extends to the
-top of the stack or 0x7fffffff if the stack top
-cannot be found, and the register sets are readable
-and writable.
-.I Attachproc
-returns zero if it is unable to build the map
-for the specified process.
-.PP
-.IR Get1 ,
-.IR get2 ,
-.IR get4 ,
-and
-.I get8
-retrieve the data stored at address
-.I addr
-in the executable associated
-with
-.IR map .
-.I Get1
-retrieves
-.I n
-bytes of data beginning at
-.I addr
-into
-.IR buf .
-.IR Get2 ,
-.I get4
-and
-.I get8
-retrieve 16-bit, 32-bit and 64-bit values respectively,
-into the location pointed to by
-.IR val .
-The value is byte-swapped if the source
-byte order differs from that of the current architecture.
-This implies that the value returned by
-.IR get2 ,
-.IR get4 ,
-and
-.I get8
-may not be the same as the byte sequences
-returned by
-.I get1
-when
-.I n
-is two, four or eight; the former may be byte-swapped, the
-latter reflects the byte order of the target architecture.
-If the file descriptor associated with the applicable segment in
-.I map
-is negative, the address itself is placed in the
-return location. These functions return the number
-of bytes read or a \-1 when there is an error.
-.PP
-.IR Put1 ,
-.IR put2 ,
-.IR put4 ,
-and
-.I put8
-write to
-the executable associated with
-.IR map .
-The address is translated using the
-map parameters and multi-byte quantities are
-byte-swapped, if necessary, before they are written.
-.I Put1
-transfers
-.I n
-bytes stored at
-.IR buf ;
-.IR put2 ,
-.IR put4 ,
-and
-.I put8
-write the 16-bit, 32-bit or 64-bit quantity contained in
-.IR val ,
-respectively. The number of bytes transferred is returned.
-A \-1 return value indicates an error.
-.PP
-.IR Beswab ,
-.IR beswal ,
-and
-.I beswav
-return the
-.BR ushort ,
-.BR long ,
-and
-.B vlong
-big-endian representation of
-.IR val ,
-respectively.
-.IR Leswab ,
-.IR leswal ,
-and
-.I leswav
-return the little-endian representation of the
-.BR ushort ,
-.BR long ,
-and
-.B vlong
-contained in
-.IR val .
+points at the structure for the architecture being debugged.
+It is set implicitly by
+.I crackhdr
+(see
+.IR mach-file (3))
+and can be set explicitly by calling
+.I machbyname
+or
+.IR machbytype .
+.PP
+There is no operating system-specific structure akin to
+.IR mach .
+Typically the choice of operating system on a particular
+architecture affects only the executable and core dump formats;
+the various file parsers deduce the operating system from
+information in the binary files themselves and adjust
+accordingly.
+.PP
+Other manual pages
+describe the library functions in detail.
+.PP
+.I Mach-file (3)
+describes the manipulation of binary files.
+.PP
+.I Mach-map (3)
+describes the interface to address spaces and register sets
+in executable files and executing programs.
+.PP
+.I Mach-stack (3)
+describes support for unwinding the stack.
+.PP
+.I Mach-swap (3)
+describes helper functions for accessing data
+in a particular byte order.
+.PP
+.I Mach-symbol (3)
+describes the interface to debugging symbol information.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libmach
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-.IR 2c (1),
-.IR symbol (2),
-.IR object (2),
-.IR errstr (2),
-.IR proc (3),
-.IR a.out (6)
-.SH DIAGNOSTICS
-These routines set
-.IR errstr .
+.SH "SEE ALSO
+.IR mach-file (3),
+.IR mach-map (3),
+.IR mach-stack (3),
+.IR mach-swap (3),
+.IR mach-symbol (3)
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/malloc.3 b/man/man3/malloc.3
t@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ these tags will be set properly.
If a custom allocator wrapper is used,
the allocator wrapper can set the tags
itself (usually by passing the result of
-.IR getcallerpc (2)
+.IR getcallerpc (3)
to
.IR setmalloctag )
to provide more useful information about
t@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ takes the address of a block returned by
.I malloc
and returns the address of the corresponding
block allocated by the
-.IR pool (2)
+.IR pool (3)
routines.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libc/port/malloc.c
t@@ -152,9 +152,9 @@ routines.
.I trump
(in
.IR acid (1)),
-.IR brk (2),
-.IR getcallerpc (2),
-.IR pool (2)
+.IR brk (3),
+.IR getcallerpc (3),
+.IR pool (3)
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
.I Malloc, realloc
and
t@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ is bizarre.
.PP
User errors can corrupt the storage arena.
The most common gaffes are (1) freeing an already freed block,
-(2) storing beyond the bounds of an allocated block, and (3)
+(3) storing beyond the bounds of an allocated block, and (3)
freeing data that was not obtained from the allocator.
When
.I malloc
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/memdraw.3 b/man/man3/memdraw.3
t@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ type defines memory-resident rectangular pictures and the methods to draw upon t
differ from
.BR Image s
(see
-.IR draw (2))
+.IR draw (3))
in that they are manipulated directly in user memory rather than by
RPCs to the
.B /dev/draw
t@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ points back at the
.B Memdata
structure, so that the
memory allocator (see
-.IR pool (2))
+.IR pool (3))
can compact image memory
using
.IR memimagemove .
t@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ images with a given rectangle and channel descriptor
(see
.B strtochan
in
-.IR graphics (2)),
+.IR graphics (3)),
creating a fresh
.B Memdata
structure and associated storage.
t@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ and \-1 in case of an error.
.I Memfillcolor
fills an image with the given color, a 32-bit number as
described in
-.IR color (2).
+.IR color (3).
.PP
.IR Memarc ,
.IR mempoly ,
t@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ are identical to the
and
.IR gendraw ,
routines described in
-.IR draw (2),
+.IR draw (3),
except that they operate on
.BR Memimage s
rather than
t@@ -368,9 +368,9 @@ analogues of
and
.B string
(see
-.IR subfont (2)
+.IR subfont (3)
and
-.IR graphics (2)),
+.IR graphics (3)),
except that they operate
only on
.BR Memsubfont s
t@@ -435,13 +435,13 @@ prints to a serial line rather than the screen, for obvious reasons.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libmemdraw
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR addpt (2),
-.IR color (2),
-.IR draw (2),
-.IR graphics (2),
-.IR memlayer (2),
-.IR stringsize (2),
-.IR subfont (2),
+.IR addpt (3),
+.IR color (3),
+.IR draw (3),
+.IR graphics (3),
+.IR memlayer (3),
+.IR stringsize (3),
+.IR subfont (3),
.IR color (6),
.IR utf (6)
.SH BUGS
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/memlayer.3 b/man/man3/memlayer.3
t@@ -97,18 +97,18 @@ int memunload(Memimage *i, Rectangle r,
.PP
.SH DESCRIPTION
These functions build upon the
-.IR memdraw (2)
+.IR memdraw (3)
interface to maintain overlapping graphical windows on in-memory images.
They are used by the kernel to implement the windows interface presented by
.IR draw (3)
and
-.IR window (2)
+.IR window (3)
and probably have little use outside of the kernel.
.PP
The basic function is to extend the definition of a
.B Memimage
(see
-.IR memdraw (2))
+.IR memdraw (3))
to include overlapping windows defined by the
.B Memlayer
type.
t@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ They have the signatures of
and
.I memimageline
(see
-.IR memdraw (2))
+.IR memdraw (3))
but accept
.B Memlayer
or
t@@ -298,8 +298,8 @@ are in compressed image format
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libmemlayer
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR graphics (2),
-.IR memdraw (2),
-.IR stringsize (2),
-.IR window (2),
+.IR graphics (3),
+.IR memdraw (3),
+.IR stringsize (3),
+.IR window (3),
.IR draw (3)
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/mktemp.3 b/man/man3/mktemp.3
t@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ to
.L z
are tried until a name that can be accessed
(see
-.IR access (2))
+.IR access (3))
is generated.
If no such name can be generated,
.I mktemp
t@@ -36,5 +36,5 @@ returns
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libc/port/mktemp.c
.SH "SEE ALSO"
-.IR getpid (2),
-.IR access (2)
+.IR getpid (3),
+.IR access (3)
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/mouse.3 b/man/man3/mouse.3
t@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@ They use the message-passing
.B Channel
interface in the threads library
(see
-.IR thread (2));
+.IR thread (3));
programs that wish a more event-driven, single-threaded approach should use
-.IR event (2).
+.IR event (3).
.PP
The state of the mouse is recorded in a structure,
.BR Mouse ,
t@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ are a
naming the device file connected to the mouse and an
.I Image
(see
-.IR draw (2))
+.IR draw (3))
on which the mouse will be visible.
Typically the file is
nil,
t@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ The actual value sent may be discarded; the receipt of the message
tells the program that it should call
.B getwindow
(see
-.IR graphics (2))
+.IR graphics (3))
to reconnect to the window.
.PP
.I Readmouse
t@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ or message sent on the channel.
It calls
.B flushimage
(see
-.IR graphics (2))
+.IR graphics (3))
before blocking, so any buffered graphics requests are displayed.
.PP
.I Closemouse
t@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ is nil, the cursor is set to the default.
The format of the cursor data is spelled out in
.B <cursor.h>
and described in
-.IR graphics (2).
+.IR graphics (3).
.PP
.I Getrect
returns the dimensions of a rectangle swept by the user, using the mouse,
t@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ struct Menu
behaves the same as its namesake
.I emenuhit
described in
-.IR event (2),
+.IR event (3),
with two exceptions.
First, it uses a
.B Mousectl
t@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ it creates the menu as a true window on the
.B Screen
.I scr
(see
-.IR window (2)),
+.IR window (3)),
permitting the menu to be displayed in parallel with other activities on the display.
If
.I scr
t@@ -242,8 +242,8 @@ restoring the display when the menu is removed.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libdraw
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR graphics (2),
-.IR draw (2),
-.IR event (2),
-.IR keyboard (2),
-.IR thread (2).
+.IR graphics (3),
+.IR draw (3),
+.IR event (3),
+.IR keyboard (3),
+.IR thread (3).
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/mp.3 b/man/man3/mp.3
t@@ -313,9 +313,9 @@ is
the buffer is allocated.
.I Mpfmt
can be used with
-.IR fmtinstall (2)
+.IR fmtinstall (3)
and
-.IR print (2)
+.IR print (3)
to print hexadecimal representations of
.BR mpint s.
.PP
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/notify.3 b/man/man3/notify.3
t@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ is posted to communicate the exception.
A note may also be posted by a
.I write
(see
-.IR read (2))
+.IR read (3))
to the process's
.BI /proc/ n /note
file or to the
t@@ -55,10 +55,10 @@ replaces the previous handler, if any.
An argument of zero cancels a previous handler,
restoring the default action.
A
-.IR fork (2)
+.IR fork (3)
system call leaves the handler registered in
both the parent and the child;
-.IR exec (2)
+.IR exec (3)
restores the default behavior.
Handlers may not perform floating point operations.
.PP
t@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ set up with
using the
.I notejmp
function (see
-.IR setjmp (2)),
+.IR setjmp (3)),
which is implemented by modifying the saved state and calling
.BR noted(NCONT) .
.PP
t@@ -233,12 +233,12 @@ portions of the notes are machine-dependent.
.br
.B /sys/src/libc/port/atnotify.c
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR intro (2),
+.IR intro (3),
.I notejmp
in
-.IR setjmp (2)
+.IR setjmp (3)
.SH BUGS
Since
-.IR exec (2)
+.IR exec (3)
discards the notification handler, there is a window
of vulnerability to notes in a new process.
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/open.3 b/man/man3/open.3
t@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ says to truncate the file
to zero length before opening it;
.B OCEXEC
says to close the file when an
-.IR exec (2)
+.IR exec (3)
or
.I execl
system call is made;
t@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ says to remove the file when it is closed (by everyone who has a copy of the fil
fails if the file does not exist or the user does not have
permission to open it for the requested purpose
(see
-.IR stat (2)
+.IR stat (3)
for a description of permissions).
The user must have write permission on the
.I file
t@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ system call
(unlike the implicit
.I open
in
-.IR exec (2)),
+.IR exec (3)),
.B OEXEC
is actually identical to
.BR OREAD .
t@@ -108,10 +108,10 @@ In the last case, the file may be created even when
an error is returned.
If the file is new and the directory in which it is created is
a union directory (see
-.IR intro (2))
+.IR intro (3))
then the constituent directory where the file is created
depends on the structure of the union: see
-.IR bind (2).
+.IR bind (3).
.PP
Since
.I create
t@@ -140,9 +140,9 @@ allows the file descriptor to be reused.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libc/9syscall
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR intro (2),
-.IR bind (2),
-.IR stat (2)
+.IR intro (3),
+.IR bind (3),
+.IR stat (3)
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
These functions set
.IR errstr .
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/pipe.3 b/man/man3/pipe.3
t@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ is available for reading from
After the pipe has been established,
cooperating processes
created by subsequent
-.IR fork (2)
+.IR fork (3)
calls may pass data through the
pipe with
.I read
t@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ when the read buffer is full or after reading the last byte
of a write, whichever comes first.
.PP
The number of bytes available to a
-.IR read (2)
+.IR read (3)
is reported
in the
.B Length
t@@ -50,17 +50,17 @@ field returned by
or
.I dirfstat
on a pipe (see
-.IR stat (2)).
+.IR stat (3)).
.PP
When all the data has been read from a pipe and the writer has closed the pipe or exited,
-.IR read (2)
+.IR read (3)
will return 0 bytes. Writes to a pipe with no reader will generate a note
.BR "sys: write on closed pipe" .
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libc/9syscall
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR intro (2),
-.IR read (2),
+.IR intro (3),
+.IR read (3),
.IR pipe (3)
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
Sets
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/plumb.3 b/man/man3/plumb.3
t@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ struct Plumbattr
opens the named plumb
.IR port ,
using
-.IR open (2)
+.IR open (3)
mode
.IR omode .
If
t@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ searches for the location of the
service and opens the port there.
.PP
For programs using the
-.IR event (2)
+.IR event (3)
interface,
.I eplumb
registers, using the given
t@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ to
frees all the data associated with the message
.IR m ,
all the components of which must therefore have been allocated with
-.IR malloc (2).
+.IR malloc (3).
.PP
.I Plumbrecv
returns the next message available on the file descriptor
t@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ is a no-op if no such attribute exists.
.B /sys/src/libplumb
.SH SEE ALSO
.IR plumb (1),
-.IR event (2),
+.IR event (3),
.IR plumber (4),
.IR plumb (6)
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/pool.3 b/man/man3/pool.3
t@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ when finished.
When internal corruption is detected,
.B panic
is called with a
-.IR print (2)
+.IR print (3)
style argument that specifies what happened.
It is assumed that
.B panic
t@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ When the pool routines wish to convey a message
to the caller (usually because logging is turned on; see below),
.B print
is called, also with a
-.IR print (2)
+.IR print (3)
style argument.
.PP
.B Flags
t@@ -322,8 +322,8 @@ return it to the free pool.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libc/port/pool.c
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR malloc (2),
-.IR brk (2)
+.IR malloc (3),
+.IR brk (3)
.PP
.B /sys/src/libc/port/malloc.c
is a complete example.
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/postnote.3 b/man/man3/postnote.3
t@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ Otherwise \-1 is returned.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libc/9sys/postnote.c
.SH "SEE ALSO"
-.IR notify (2),
-.IR intro (2),
+.IR notify (3),
+.IR intro (3),
.IR proc (3)
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
Sets
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/prime.3 b/man/man3/prime.3
t@@ -93,8 +93,8 @@ slow algorithm.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libsec
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR aes (2)
-.IR blowfish (2),
-.IR des (2),
-.IR elgamal (2),
-.IR rsa (2),
+.IR aes (3)
+.IR blowfish (3),
+.IR des (3),
+.IR elgamal (3),
+.IR rsa (3),
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/quote.3 b/man/man3/quote.3
t@@ -58,10 +58,10 @@ The empty string is represented by two quotes,
The first four functions act as variants of
.B strdup
(see
-.IR strcat (2)).
+.IR strcat (3)).
Each returns a
freshly allocated copy of the string, created using
-.IR malloc (2).
+.IR malloc (3).
.I Quotestrdup
returns a quoted copy of
.IR s ,
t@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ The
versions of these functions do the same for
.CW Rune
strings (see
-.IR runestrcat (2)).
+.IR runestrcat (3)).
.PP
The string returned by
.I quotestrdup
t@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ function that flags any character special to
and
.I quoterunestrfmt
are
-.IR print (2)
+.IR print (3)
formatting routines that produce quoted strings as output.
They may be installed by hand, but
.I quotefmtinstall
t@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ statements so the compiler can type-check uses of
and
.B %Q
in
-.IR print (2)
+.IR print (3)
format strings.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libc/port/quote.c
t@@ -162,6 +162,6 @@ format strings.
.B /sys/src/libc/fmt/fmtquote.c
.SH "SEE ALSO
.IR rc (1),
-.IR malloc (2),
-.IR print (2),
-.IR strcat (2)
+.IR malloc (3),
+.IR print (3),
+.IR strcat (3)
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/rand.3 b/man/man3/rand.3
t@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ truly random bytes read from
.PP
.I Prng
uses the native
-.IR rand (2)
+.IR rand (3)
pseudo-random number generator to fill the buffer. Used with
.IR srand ,
this function can produce a reproducible stream of pseudo random
t@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ and
may be passed to
.I mprand
(see
-.IR mp (2)).
+.IR mp (3)).
.PP
.I Fastrand
uses
t@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ to return a uniform
.B /sys/src/libsec/port/*fastrand.c
.SH "SEE ALSO
.IR cons (3),
-.IR mp (2),
+.IR mp (3),
.SH BUGS
.I Truerand
and
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/rc4.3 b/man/man3/rc4.3
t@@ -43,13 +43,13 @@ structure keeps track of the algorithm.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libsec
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR mp (2),
-.IR aes (2),
-.IR blowfish (2),
-.IR des (2),
-.IR dsa (2),
-.IR elgamal (2),
-.IR rsa (2),
-.IR sechash (2),
-.IR prime (2),
-.IR rand (2)
+.IR mp (3),
+.IR aes (3),
+.IR blowfish (3),
+.IR des (3),
+.IR dsa (3),
+.IR elgamal (3),
+.IR rsa (3),
+.IR sechash (3),
+.IR prime (3),
+.IR rand (3)
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/read.3 b/man/man3/read.3
t@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ if this is not the same as requested.
and
.I Pwrite
equivalent to a
-.IR seek (2)
+.IR seek (3)
to
.I offset
followed by a
t@@ -85,11 +85,11 @@ without interference.
.br
.B /sys/src/libc/port/readn.c
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR intro (2),
-.IR open (2),
-.IR dup (2),
-.IR pipe (2),
-.IR readv (2)
+.IR intro (3),
+.IR open (3),
+.IR dup (3),
+.IR pipe (3),
+.IR readv (3)
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
These functions set
.IR errstr .
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/readv.3 b/man/man3/readv.3
t@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ long writev(int fd, IOchunk *io, int nio)
long pwritev(int fd, IOchunk *io, int nio, vlong off)
.SH DESCRIPTION
These functions supplement the standard read and write operations of
-.IR read (2)
+.IR read (3)
with facilities for scatter/gather I/O.
The set of I/O buffers is collected into an array of
.B IOchunk
t@@ -67,14 +67,14 @@ are the analogous write routines.
.br
.B /sys/src/libc/9sys/writev.c
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR intro (2),
-.IR read (2)
+.IR intro (3),
+.IR read (3)
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
These functions set
.IR errstr .
.SH BUGS
The implementations use
-.IR malloc (2)
+.IR malloc (3)
to build a single buffer for a standard call to
.B read
or
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/regexp.3 b/man/man3/regexp.3
t@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ compiles a
regular expression and returns
a pointer to the generated description.
The space is allocated by
-.IR malloc (2)
+.IR malloc (3)
and may be released by
.IR free .
Regular expressions are exactly as in
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/remove.3 b/man/man3/remove.3
t@@ -20,12 +20,12 @@ is a directory, it must be empty.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libc/9syscall
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR intro (2),
+.IR intro (3),
.IR remove (5),
the description of
.B ORCLOSE
in
-.IR open (2).
+.IR open (3).
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
Sets
.IR errstr .
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/rendezvous.3 b/man/man3/rendezvous.3
t@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ The rendezvous system call allows two processes to synchronize and
exchange a value.
In conjunction with the shared memory system calls
(see
-.IR segattach (2)
+.IR segattach (3)
and
-.IR fork (2)),
+.IR fork (3)),
it enables parallel programs to control their scheduling.
.PP
Two processes wishing to synchronize call
t@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ inherited when a process forks, unless
is set in the argument to
.BR rfork ;
see
-.IR fork (2).
+.IR fork (3).
.PP
If a rendezvous is interrupted the return value is
.BR ~0 ,
t@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ so that value should not be used in normal communication.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libc/9syscall
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR segattach (2),
-.IR fork (2)
+.IR segattach (3),
+.IR fork (3)
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
Sets
.IR errstr .
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/rsa.3 b/man/man3/rsa.3
t@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ The subject line is conventionally of the form
"C=US ST=NJ L=07922 O=Lucent OU='Bell Labs' CN=Eric"
.EE
using the quoting conventions of
-.IR tokenize (2).
+.IR tokenize (3).
.PP
.I Asn1toRSApriv
converts an ASN1 formatted RSA private key into the corresponding
t@@ -189,14 +189,14 @@ is undefined.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libsec
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR mp (2),
-.IR aes (2),
-.IR blowfish (2),
-.IR des (2),
-.IR dsa (2),
-.IR elgamal (2),
-.IR rc4 (2),
-.IR sechash (2),
-.IR prime (2),
-.IR rand (2),
+.IR mp (3),
+.IR aes (3),
+.IR blowfish (3),
+.IR des (3),
+.IR dsa (3),
+.IR elgamal (3),
+.IR rc4 (3),
+.IR sechash (3),
+.IR prime (3),
+.IR rand (3),
.IR x509 (8)
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/runestrcat.3 b/man/man3/runestrcat.3
t@@ -56,12 +56,12 @@ Rune* runestrstr(Rune *s1, Rune *s2)
.SH DESCRIPTION
These functions are rune string analogues of
the corresponding functions in
-.IR strcat (2).
+.IR strcat (3).
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libc/port
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR memory (2),
-.IR rune (2),
-.IR strcat (2)
+.IR memory (3),
+.IR rune (3),
+.IR strcat (3)
.SH BUGS
The outcome of overlapping moves varies among implementations.
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/sechash.3 b/man/man3/sechash.3
t@@ -137,14 +137,14 @@ and
.I sha1unpickle
unmarshal a pickled digest.
All four routines return a pointer to a newly
-.IR malloc (2)'d
+.IR malloc (3)'d
object.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libsec
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR aes (2),
-.IR blowfish (2),
-.IR des (2),
-.IR elgamal (2),
-.IR rc4 (2),
-.IR rsa (2)
+.IR aes (3),
+.IR blowfish (3),
+.IR des (3),
+.IR elgamal (3),
+.IR rc4 (3),
+.IR rsa (3)
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/seek.3 b/man/man3/seek.3
t@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ Seeking in a pipe is a no-op.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libc/9syscall
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR intro (2),
-.IR open (2)
+.IR intro (3),
+.IR open (3)
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
Sets
.IR errstr .
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/setjmp.3 b/man/man3/setjmp.3
t@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ was called.
is the same as
.I longjmp
except that it is to be called from within a note handler (see
-.IR notify (2)).
+.IR notify (3)).
The
.I uregs
argument should be the first argument passed to the note handler.
t@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ setlabel(void)
.br
.B /sys/src/libc/$objtype/notejmp.c
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR notify (2)
+.IR notify (3)
.SH BUGS
.PP
.I Notejmp
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/sleep.3 b/man/man3/sleep.3
t@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Sleep returns \-1 if interrupted, 0 otherwise.
causes an
.B alarm
note (see
-.IR notify (2))
+.IR notify (3))
to be sent to the invoking process after the number of milliseconds
given by the argument.
Successive calls to
t@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ the alarm clock.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libc/9syscall
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR intro (2)
+.IR intro (3)
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
These functions set
.IR errstr .
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/stat.3 b/man/man3/stat.3
t@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ struct Dir {
.EE
.PP
The returned structure is allocated by
-.IR malloc (2);
+.IR malloc (3);
freeing it also frees the associated strings.
.PP
This structure and
t@@ -292,9 +292,9 @@ routines
for the routines prefixed
.B dir
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR intro (2),
-.IR fcall (2),
-.IR dirread (2),
+.IR intro (3),
+.IR fcall (3),
+.IR dirread (3),
.IR stat (5)
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
The
t@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ or
is too short for the returned data, the return value will be
.B BIT16SZ
(see
-.IR fcall (2))
+.IR fcall (3))
and the two bytes
returned will contain the initial count field of the
returned data;
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/strcat.3 b/man/man3/strcat.3
t@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ is returned.
returns a pointer to a distinct copy of the null-terminated string
.I s
in space obtained from
-.IR malloc (2)
+.IR malloc (3)
or
.L 0
if no space can be obtained.
t@@ -248,14 +248,14 @@ Many also have machine-dependent assembly language
implementations in
.BR /sys/src/libc/$objtype .
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR memory (2),
-.IR rune (2),
-.IR runestrcat (2)
+.IR memory (3),
+.IR rune (3),
+.IR runestrcat (3)
.SH BUGS
These routines know nothing about
.SM UTF.
Use the routines in
-.IR rune (2)
+.IR rune (3)
as appropriate.
Note, however, that the definition of
.SM UTF
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/string.3 b/man/man3/string.3
t@@ -233,4 +233,4 @@ and discard all other lines beginning with
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libString
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR bio (2)
+.IR bio (3)
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/stringsize.3 b/man/man3/stringsize.3
t@@ -57,10 +57,10 @@ are analogous, but accept an array of runes rather than
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libdraw
.SH "SEE ALSO"
-.IR addpt (2),
-.IR cachechars (2),
-.IR subfont (2),
-.IR draw (2),
+.IR addpt (3),
+.IR cachechars (3),
+.IR subfont (3),
+.IR draw (3),
.IR draw (3),
.IR image (6),
.IR font (6)
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/subfont.3 b/man/man3/subfont.3
t@@ -53,13 +53,13 @@ Font* mkfont(Subfont *f, Rune min)
.SH DESCRIPTION
Subfonts are the components of fonts that hold the character images.
A font comprises an array of subfonts; see
-.IR cachechars (2).
+.IR cachechars (3).
A new
.B Subfont
is allocated and initialized with
.IR allocsubfont .
See
-.IR cachechars (2)
+.IR cachechars (3)
for the meaning of
.IR n ,
.IR height ,
t@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ on
if
.B f->info
was not allocated by
-.IR malloc (2)
+.IR malloc (3)
it should be zeroed before calling
.IR subffree .
.PP
t@@ -181,13 +181,13 @@ the part of a subfont file that comes after the image. It should be preceded by
a call to
.IR writeimage
(see
-.IR allocimage (2)).
+.IR allocimage (3)).
.PP
.I Stringsubfont
is analogous to
.B string
(see
-.IR draw (2))
+.IR draw (3))
for subfonts. Rather than use the underlying font caching primitives,
it calls
.B draw
t@@ -224,12 +224,12 @@ bitmap font file tree
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libdraw
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR graphics (2),
-.IR allocimage (2),
-.IR draw (2),
-.IR cachechars (2),
+.IR graphics (3),
+.IR allocimage (3),
+.IR draw (3),
+.IR cachechars (3),
.IR image (6),
.IR font (6)
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
All of the functions use the graphics error function (see
-.IR graphics (2)).
+.IR graphics (3)).
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/symbol.3 b/man/man3/symbol.3
t@@ -1,436 +0,0 @@
-.TH SYMBOL 3
-.SH NAME
-syminit, getsym, symbase, pc2sp, pc2line, textseg, line2addr, lookup, findlocal,
-getauto, findsym, localsym, globalsym, textsym, file2pc, fileelem, filesym,
-fileline, fnbound \- symbol table access functions
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B #include <u.h>
-.br
-.B #include <libc.h>
-.br
-.B #include <bio.h>
-.br
-.B #include <mach.h>
-.PP
-.ta \w'\fLmachines 'u
-.B
-int syminit(int fd, Fhdr *fp)
-.PP
-.B
-Sym *getsym(int index)
-.PP
-.B
-Sym *symbase(long *nsyms)
-.PP
-.B
-int fileelem(Sym **fp, uchar *encname, char *buf, int n)
-.PP
-.B
-int filesym(int index, char *buf, int n)
-.PP
-.B
-long pc2sp(ulong pc)
-.PP
-.B
-long pc2line(ulong pc)
-.PP
-.B
-void textseg(ulong base, Fhdr *fp)
-.PP
-.B
-long line2addr(ulong line, ulong basepc)
-.PP
-.B
-int lookup(char *fn, char *var, Symbol *s)
-.PP
-.B
-int findlocal(Symbol *s1, char *name, Symbol *s2)
-.PP
-.B
-int getauto(Symbol *s1, int off, int class, Symbol *s2)
-.PP
-.B
-int findsym(long addr, int class, Symbol *s)
-.PP
-.B
-int localsym(Symbol *s, int index)
-.PP
-.B
-int globalsym(Symbol *s, int index)
-.PP
-.B
-int textsym(Symbol *s, int index)
-.PP
-.B
-long file2pc(char *file, ulong line)
-.PP
-.B
-int fileline(char *str, int n, ulong addr)
-.PP
-.B
-int fnbound(long addr, ulong *bounds)
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-These functions provide machine-independent access to the
-symbol table of an executable file or executing process.
-The latter is accessible by opening the device
-.B /proc/\fIpid\fP/text
-as described in
-.IR proc (3).
-.IR Mach (2)
-and
-.IR object (2)
-describe additional library functions
-for processing executable and object files.
-.PP
-.IR Syminit ,
-.IR getsym ,
-.IR symbase ,
-.IR fileelem ,
-.IR pc2sp ,
-.IR pc2line ,
-and
-.I line2addr
-process the symbol table contained in an executable file
-or the
-.B text
-image of an executing program.
-The symbol table is stored internally as an array of
-.B Sym
-data structures as defined in
-.IR a.out (6).
-.PP
-.I Syminit
-uses the data in the
-.B Fhdr
-structure filled by
-.I crackhdr
-(see
-.IR mach (2))
-to read the raw symbol tables from the open file descriptor
-.IR fd .
-It returns the count of the number of symbols
-or \-1 if an error occurs.
-.PP
-.I Getsym
-returns the address of the
-.IR i th
-.B Sym
-structure or zero if
-.I index
-is out of range.
-.PP
-.I Symbase
-returns the address of the first
-.B Sym
-structure in the symbol table. The number of
-entries in the symbol table is returned in
-.IR nsyms .
-.PP
-.I Fileelem
-converts a file name, encoded as described in
-.IR a.out (6),
-to a character string.
-.I Fp
-is the base of
-an array of pointers to file path components ordered by path index.
-.I Encname
-is the address of an array of encoded
-file path components in the form of a
-.B z
-symbol table entry.
-.I Buf
-and
-.I n
-specify the
-address of a receiving character buffer and its length.
-.I Fileelem
-returns the length of the null-terminated string
-that is at most
-.IR n \-1
-bytes long.
-.PP
-.I Filesym
-is a higher-level interface to
-.IR fileelem .
-It fills
-.I buf
-with the name of the
-.IR i th
-file and returns the length of the null-terminated string
-that is at most
-.IR n \-1
-bytes long.
-File names are retrieved in no particular order, although
-the order of retrieval does not vary from one pass to the next.
-A zero is returned when
-.I index
-is too large or too small or an error occurs during file name
-conversion.
-.PP
-.I Pc2sp
-returns an offset associated with
-a given value of the program counter. Adding this offset
-to the current value of the stack pointer gives the address
-of the current stack frame. This approach only applies
-to the 68020 architecture; other architectures
-use a fixed stack frame offset by a constant contained
-in a dummy local variable (called
-.BR .frame )
-in the symbol table.
-.PP
-.I Pc2line
-returns the line number of the statement associated
-with the instruction address
-.IR pc .
-The
-line number is the absolute line number in the
-source file as seen by the compiler after pre-processing; the
-original line number in the source file may be derived from this
-value using the history stacks contained in the symbol table.
-.PP
-.I Pc2sp
-and
-.I pc2line
-must know the start and end addresses of the text segment
-for proper operation. These values are calculated from the
-file header by function
-.IR syminit .
-If the text segment address is changed, the application
-program must invoke
-.I textseg
-to recalculate the boundaries of the segment.
-.I Base
-is the new base address of the text segment and
-.I fp
-points to the
-.I Fhdr
-data structure filled by
-.IR crackhdr .
-.PP
-.I Line2addr
-converts a line number to an instruction address. The
-first argument is the absolute line number in
-a file. Since a line number does not uniquely identify
-an instruction location (e.g., every source file has line 1),
-a second argument specifies a text address
-from which the search begins. Usually this
-is the address of the first function in the file of interest.
-.PP
-.IR Pc2sp ,
-.IR pc2line ,
-and
-.I line2addr
-return \-1 in the case of an error.
-.PP
-.IR Lookup ,
-.IR findlocal ,
-.IR getauto ,
-.IR findsym ,
-.IR localsym ,
-.IR globalsym ,
-.IR textsym ,
-.IR file2pc ,
-and
-.I fileline
-operate on data structures riding above the raw symbol table.
-These data structures occupy memory
-and impose a startup penalty but speed retrievals
-and provide higher-level access to the basic symbol
-table data.
-.I Syminit
-must be called
-prior to using these functions.
-The
-.B Symbol
-data structure:
-.IP
-.EX
-typedef struct {
- void *handle; /* private */
- struct {
- char *name;
- long value;
- char type;
- char class;
- };
-} Symbol;
-.EE
-.LP
-describes a symbol table entry.
-The
-.B value
-field contains the offset of the symbol within its
-address space: global variables relative to the beginning
-of the data segment, text beyond the start of the text
-segment, and automatic variables and parameters relative
-to the stack frame. The
-.B type
-field contains the type of the symbol as defined in
-.IR a.out (6).
-The
-.B class
-field assigns the symbol to a general class;
-.BR CTEXT ,
-.BR CDATA ,
-.BR CAUTO ,
-and
-.B CPARAM
-are the most popular.
-.PP
-.I Lookup
-fills a
-.B Symbol
-structure with symbol table information. Global variables
-and functions are represented by a single name; local variables
-and parameters are uniquely specified by a function and
-variable name pair. Arguments
-.I fn
-and
-.I var
-contain the
-name of a function and variable, respectively.
-If both
-are non-zero, the symbol table is searched for a parameter
-or automatic variable. If only
-.I var
-is
-zero, the text symbol table is searched for function
-.IR fn .
-If only
-.I fn
-is zero, the global variable table
-is searched for
-.IR var .
-.PP
-.I Findlocal
-fills
-.I s2
-with the symbol table data of the automatic variable
-or parameter matching
-.IR name .
-.I S1
-is a
-.B Symbol
-data structure describing a function or a local variable;
-the latter resolves to its owning function.
-.PP
-.I Getauto
-searches the local symbols associated with function
-.I s1
-for an automatic variable or parameter located at stack
-offset
-.IR off .
-.I Class
-selects the class of
-variable:
-.B CAUTO
-or
-.BR CPARAM .
-.I S2
-is the address of a
-.B Symbol
-data structure to receive the symbol table information
-of the desired symbol.
-.PP
-.I Findsym
-returns the symbol table entry of type
-.I class
-stored near
-.IR addr .
-The selected symbol is a global variable or function
-with address nearest to and less than or equal to
-.IR addr .
-Class specification
-.B CDATA
-searches only the global variable symbol table; class
-.B CTEXT
-limits the search to the text symbol table.
-Class specification
-.B CANY
-searches the text table first, then the global table.
-.PP
-.I Localsym
-returns the
-.IR i th
-local variable in the function
-associated with
-.IR s .
-.I S
-may reference a function or a local variable; the latter
-resolves to its owning function.
-If the
-.IR i th
-local symbol exists,
-.I s
-is filled with the data describing it.
-.PP
-.I Globalsym
-loads
-.I s
-with the symbol table information of the
-.IR i th
-global variable.
-.PP
-.I Textsym
-loads
-.I s
-with the symbol table information of the
-.IR i th
-text symbol. The text symbols are ordered
-by increasing address.
-.PP
-.I File2pc
-returns a text address associated with
-.I line
-in file
-.IR file ,
-or -1 on an error.
-.PP
-.I Fileline
-converts text address
-.I addr
-to its equivalent
-line number in a source file. The result,
-a null terminated character string of
-the form
-.LR file:line ,
-is placed in buffer
-.I str
-of
-.I n
-bytes.
-.PP
-.I Fnbound
-returns the start and end addresses of the function containing
-the text address supplied as the first argument. The second
-argument is an array of two unsigned longs;
-.I fnbound
-places the bounding addresses of the function in the first
-and second elements of this array. The start address is the
-address of the first instruction of the function; the end
-address is the address of the start of the next function
-in memory, so it is beyond the end of the target function.
-.I Fnbound
-returns 1 if the address is within a text function, or zero
-if the address selects no function.
-.PP
-Functions
-.I file2pc
-and
-.I fileline
-may produce inaccurate results when applied to
-optimized code.
-.PP
-Unless otherwise specified, all functions return 1
-on success, or 0 on error. When an error occurs,
-a message describing it is stored in the system
-error buffer where it is available via
-.IR errstr .
-.SH SOURCE
-.B /sys/src/libmach
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-.IR mach (2),
-.IR object (2),
-.IR errstr (2),
-.IR proc (3),
-.IR a.out (6)
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/thread.3 b/man/man3/thread.3
t@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ returning the id of the created thread.
creates the new proc by calling
.B rfork
(see
-.IR fork (2))
+.IR fork (3))
with flags
.BR RFPROC|RFMEM|RFNOWAIT| \fIrforkflag\fR.
(The thread library depends on all its procs
t@@ -243,10 +243,10 @@ in arbitrary ways and should synchronize their
actions using
.B qlocks
(see
-.IR lock (2))
+.IR lock (3))
or channel communication.
System calls such as
-.IR read (2)
+.IR read (3)
block the entire proc;
all threads in a proc block until the system call finishes.
.PP
t@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ are threaded analogues of
and
.I execl
(see
-.IR exec (2));
+.IR exec (3));
on success,
they replace the calling thread (which must be the only thread in its proc)
and invoke the external program, never returning.
t@@ -345,14 +345,14 @@ response.
returns a channel of pointers to
.B Waitmsg
structures (see
-.IR wait (2)).
+.IR wait (3)).
When an exec'ed process exits, a pointer to a
.B Waitmsg
is sent to this channel.
These
.B Waitmsg
structures have been allocated with
-.IR malloc (2)
+.IR malloc (3)
and should be freed after use.
.PP
A
t@@ -508,13 +508,13 @@ calls.
.PP
.I Chanprint
formats its arguments in the manner of
-.IR print (2)
+.IR print (3)
and sends the result to the channel
.IR c.
The string delivered by
.I chanprint
is allocated with
-.IR malloc (2)
+.IR malloc (3)
and should be freed upon receipt.
.PP
Thread library functions do not return on failure;
t@@ -525,12 +525,12 @@ Threaded programs should use
in place of
.I atnotify
(see
-.IR notify (2)).
+.IR notify (3)).
.PP
It is safe to use
.B sysfatal
(see
-.IR perror (2))
+.IR perror (3))
in threaded programs.
.I Sysfatal
will print the error string and call
t@@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ will print the error string and call
It is safe to use
.IR rfork
(see
-.IR fork (2))
+.IR fork (3))
to manage the namespace, file descriptors, note group, and environment of a
single process.
That is, it is safe to call
t@@ -572,5 +572,5 @@ contains a full example program.
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libthread
.SH SEE ALSO
-.IR intro (2),
-.IR ioproc (2)
+.IR intro (3),
+.IR ioproc (3)
(DIR) diff --git a/man/man3/wait.3 b/man/man3/wait.3
t@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ int await(char *s, int n)
.SH DESCRIPTION
.I Wait
causes a process to wait for any child process (see
-.IR fork (2))
+.IR fork (3))
to exit.
It returns a
.B Waitmsg
t@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ the time spent in system calls, and the child's elapsed real time,
all in units of milliseconds.
.B Msg
contains the message that the child specified in
-.IR exits (2).
+.IR exits (3).
For a normal exit,
.B msg[0]
is zero,
t@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ returns immediately, with return value nil.
The
.B Waitmsg
structure is allocated by
-.IR malloc (2)
+.IR malloc (3)
and should be freed after use.
For programs that only need the pid of the exiting program,
.I waitpid
t@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ The buffer filled in by
may be parsed (after appending a NUL) using
.IR tokenize
(see
-.IR getfields (2));
+.IR getfields (3));
the resulting fields are, in order, pid, the three times, and the exit string,
which will be
.B ''
t@@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ returns
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libc/9syscall
.SH "SEE ALSO"
-.IR fork (2),
-.IR exits (2),
+.IR fork (3),
+.IR exits (3),
the
.B wait
file in